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Design Basis
Department: Process

Metso Outotec Doc No: B10

SAP Document No: 900111306-NCD

JSPL Doc No: AG2-07-PR-CA-00-10100-001

Document Title: PROCESS DESIGN BASIS

PROJECT REFERENCE
Project No.: C.007542
Project Location: Angul, Odisha, India
Project Title: 6.0 MTPA Grate Kiln Pellet Plant
Client: Jindal Steel & Power Ltd.

APPROVALS
Rev Issue Date Revision Description Prepared Checked Disp.App Proj. App
01 04Feb21 For Design MTM MTM GLY GLY
02 24Feb21 Updated Design Factor from 20% to 25%, and GLY GLY GLY GLY
reduced Process Gas Emissions Limitations
to 10 mg/nm3 instead of 20 mg/nm3.
03 31Mar21 Update Coal Tar Analysis RLR
04 7May21 Add LDO Analysis RLR
05 12Jul21 Fuel & site conditions updated. BF Pellet MTM
properties updated per test results.

Entire Document DOCUMENT ISSUED FOR:

Issued this Revision Design Purchase

Revised Pages Only Client Approval Construction

Issued this Revision Inquiry Other
This Unpublished Document and Content is the CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF METSO OUTOTEC USA. (MOUSA), protected by Trade Secret, Copyright and other
laws, and may not be used, copied or disclosed without the specific written consent of MMI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 3

SITE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 4

PROCESS DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 4

PROCESS PLANT BATTERY LIMITS ...................................................................... 14

ENGINEERING DATA .............................................................................................. 15

UTILITIES ................................................................................................................. 18

WEATHER DATA/SITE CONDITIONS ..................................................................... 23

UNIT OF MEASUREMENT ....................................................................................... 24

SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ........................................................... 25

DESIGN FACTORS .................................................................................................. 27

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SCOPE

1.1 This document describes the anticipated conditions at the plant site and defines
the process design criteria for an iron ore pelletizing facility based on the
Metso:Outotec (M:O) Grate-Kiln Process. The pellet plant is located at the site
of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. at Angul, Odisha, India. The plant shall be
designed for a capacity of 6.0 million tons per annum (MTPA) of Blast Furnace
Grade (BF) Grade Pellets. The pellet plant shall also be capable of producing
Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) pellets at a quantity to be determined after
completion of the Iron Ore Testing Program performed by Metso. The plant
capacity for DRI pellets is expected to be in excess of 6.0 MTPA.

1.2 The pellet plant is conceived as a versatile operation capable of producing a

variety of product types, as predicated by the ore supply and/or the consumer
demand. Thus, from time to time, campaigns may be run to produce varieties
ranging from acid pellets to fluxed pellets.

1.3 The general scope and concept for the pelletizing plant is envisioned as:

1.3.1 Receipt of iron ore concentrate slurry from owner supplied slurry pipeline.

1.3.2 Dewatering of iron ore concentrate slurry to produce a filter cake.

1.3.3 Receipt of the coarse additives; limestone, dolomite, bentonite, and coal/coke
to their respective storage bins in the additive grinding area. Alternatively,
pyroxenite and olivine will be considered as potential fluxstones.

1.3.4 Drying and grinding a blend of fluxstone and coal/coke to pelletizing size
followed by transport and storage of ground fluxstone & coal/coke in the mixing
area storage bins.

1.3.5 Drying and grinding coarse bentonite to pelletizing size and transport of the
ground bentonite to a storage bin in the mixing area.

1.3.6 Feeding a blend of filter cake and ground additives from bins to mixers to
prepare a homogeneous mix, suitable for balling.

1.3.7 Balling and screening the mixed pellet feed into green pellets on balling discs
with roller screens.

1.3.8 Screening the green pellets at the feed end of the indurating machine on a
double deck roller screen.

1.3.9 Indurating the green pellets into fired pellets on a M:O Grate-Kiln-Cooler.

1.3.10 Conveying fired pellets to a product screening station where fired pellet fines
are separated from the product pellets for use in a downstream sinter plant.

1.3.11 Conveying of product fired pellets to owner supplied product conveyor.

1.4 For the pellet plant, the Grate-Kiln-Cooler indurating machine shall be sized as
follows:
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5 1.4.1 Traveling Grate:

DDD1: 5 Bays
DDD2: 12 Bays
TPH1: 2 Bays
TPH2: 3 Bays
PRE: 9 Bays
TOTAL: 31 Bays

Width: 5.66 m
Gross Process Length: 94.47 m
Total Machine Length: 100.32 m(Approx. distance from centerlines
of tail shaft and head shaft)

1.4.2 Kiln:

Diameter: 6.86 m
Length: 45.72 m

1.4.3 Annular Cooler:

Grate Width: 3.66 m

Mean Diameter: 21.95 m

1.4.4 Pot grate test work shall be necessary to confirm indurating cycle, production
rate, and fired pellet quality.

SITE DESCRIPTION

2.1 The site for the pelletizing facility is located at Angul, Odisha, India.

5 2.2 The overall site is located on an elevated plain at an approximate nominal

elevation of 172 meters above mean sea level (MSL). The process plant site
shall be graded to plant elevation by others.

2.3 The nearest railway station is Angul Railway Station. The nearest seaport is
Paradeep Port. The nearest airport is Biju Patnaik.

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

3.1 Overview

3.1.1 Iron Ore slurry shall be delivered to slurry thickeners for the initial stage of
dewatering.

3.1.2 Thickener underflow will then be pumped and stored in slurry storage tanks,
from which it will be pumped to pressure filters to complete the dewatering of
the ground iron ore.

3.1.3 Filter cake from the pressure filters will be collected and conveyed to filter cake
bins in the mixing area of the pellet plant where a pelletizing feed blend of
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ground additives (limestone/dolomite and/or pyroxenite/olivine, bentonite, and

coal/coke) and the filter cake will be prepared for balling feed.

3.1.4 Coarse limestone, dolomite, pyroxenite, olivine and coal/coke will be delivered
via a common conveyor system to storage bins in the additive grinding area.
The fluxstone and coal/coke will be proportioned as required for the fired pellet
chemistry. The blend of fluxstone and coal/coke will be dried and ground in a
heated dry grinding circuit. Co-ground fluxstone and coal/coke will be
pneumatically conveyed to a storage bin in the mixing area of the pellet plant.
The final concept will be established during Basic Engineering.

3.1.5 Coarse bentonite will be received by conveyor to a storage bin in the additive
grinding area. Bentonite will be dried and ground in a ring-roller mill grinding
circuit. Ground bentonite will then be transported via a pneumatic conveying
system to the bentonite storage bin in the mixing area.

3.1.6 Within the mixing area, a pelletizing feed blend of ground additives consisting
of bentonite, limestone/dolomite and/or pyroxenite/olivine and coal/coke,
recycled ESP and housekeeping baghouse dust, and the filter cake will be
proportioned by weigh feeders and conveyed to a mixer to homogenize the
blend for balling feed. The homogenized blend of iron ore filter cake and ground
additives discharging from the mixers will be conveyed to balling disc feed bins.

3.1.7 Off-size green pellets from the balling disc roller screens and the Double Deck
Roller Screen (DDRS) at the Indurating Machine, will be discharged to the
mixed ore conveying system for recycle to balling, or be transferred for
downstream use to a sinter plant. Coordinated belt plows are used to discharge
mixed balling feed to the individual balling feed bins which feed balling discs.

3.1.7.1 NOTE: Indurating plant balling feed equipment is designed for normal operating
flow conditions, with green fines return going back to the balling discs. Diverting
green fines away from the indurating machine and to a sinter plant will change
the feed equipment sizing requirements.

3.1.8 The green pellets will be collected and conveyed to a reciprocating conveyor
which will feed a wide belt conveyor. The green pellets will discharge from the
wide belt conveyor onto a DDRS that removes oversized green pellets and
green pellet fines for recycle back to the balling circuit. The on-size green
pellets will be distributed onto the traveling grate for heat hardening.

3.1.9 The design for the Grate-Kiln iron ore pellet plant will incorporate the proprietary
M:O Grate-Kiln process. In this process, the unfired green pellets are dried,
preheated, and semi-indurated on a continuous traveling grate chain. The
semi-indurated pellets are then discharged into a Rotary Kiln and fired at high
temperature. After discharge from the rotary kiln, the fired pellets complete the
induration process in the annular cooler before being discharged as product
pellets. Process air from the preheat zone of the traveling grate, the rotary kiln,
and the annular cooler is recirculated in a multi-pass manner to the other
process zones to obtain thermal efficiency. Only relatively cool, moisture laden
gases are discharged to process gas cleaning and then to the atmosphere.
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3.1.10 Support utilities (water, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, coal tar, power, etc.)
required for the normal operation of the facility will be provided to the pellet plant
battery limits by JSPL. A brief description of the process and facility is given in
the following section.

3.2 Dewatering of Iron Ore Slurry

3.2.1 Iron ore slurry will be delivered by JSPL to three (3) ground ore thickeners,
where the pulp is dewatered from about 25 to 28% solids to about 60 to 67%
solids. Thickener underflow will be pumped to four (4) agitated slurry storage
tanks that provide 24 to 27 hours of surge capacity for ore slurry feed outages.
The underflow density will be controlled by recycling low density slurry back to
the thickener via the three-way valves until the desired density is reached.

3.2.2 Filter feed pumps, connected to a manifold between the slurry tanks, deliver
ground ore slurry to plate-and-frame pressure filters for final dewatering of the
ground ore before mixing and balling. Twelve (12) filters will be installed. Space
will be left in the layout for two (2) additional filters in the future. Filter cake from
these filters will have a residual moisture content of about 9.75%. Filter cake
will be collected by belt conveyors and delivered to the filter cake storage bins
in the mixing area of the plant.

3.2.3 The filter cake will be conveyed to storage bins in the mixing area. A filter cake
feed conveyor utilizing pneumatic belt plows will be used to distribute the filter
cake to the storage bins as required.

3.3 Additive Preparation and Function

3.3.1 Crushed coarse limestone, dolomite, and other fluxes such as pyroxenite and
olivine, coal/coke, and bentonite will be received by a conveyor system and will
be stored in bins in the additive grinding area.

3.3.2 Fluxstone(s) and coal/coke will be dried and ground in a heated closed-circuit
ball mill. Weigh belt feeders will proportion the feed to the mill. The mill power
draw determines the mill feed rates. An air heater in the mill system will provide
hot air for drying of the feed as it enters the mill. The air stream through the mill
carries the ground product to an air classifier which separates coarse particles
for recycle back to the mill for further grinding, and on-size particles in the air
stream to a series of cyclones which separate the solids (as cyclone underflow)
from the carrying moist air stream. An air slide will collect and transport cyclone
underflow to a ground additive hopper and pneumatic conveying system. The
cyclone overflow stream will be returned to the mill system fan. A slip stream
from the mill system fan will pass through a baghouse and be discharged to
atmosphere. Moisture from the raw additives exits the system as baghouse
exhaust. The baghouse dust product will be discharged into the same air slide
and pneumatic conveying system which transports the ground fluxstone(s) and
coal/coke to the mixing area of the plant. The drying and grinding circuit will be
sized for two (2) shifts of operation per day.

3.3.3 Coarse bentonite will be dried and ground in a separate circuit. A vertical roller
mill with an integrated classifier/separator will dry and grind coarse bentonite to
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the correct size for pelletizing. Flow of material in the bentonite ring-roller mill
dry grinding circuit is the same as that of the fluxstone & coal/coke dry grinding
system; with cyclones and a baghouse separating the ground solids from the
air stream, baghouse exhaust venting any moisture, and ground bentonite
pneumatically conveyed to the mixing area of the plant. The ring-roller mill will
be sized to operate for one (1) shift per day. (A second shift operation is to be
utilized by a proposed second Grate-Kiln Pellet Plant.)

3.3.4 Additives are added to the pelletizing mix for the following purposes:

3.3.4.1 Fluxstone

This additive is a fluxing agent which improves the physical strength and
metallurgical properties of fired pellets. Limestone and dolomite generally form
a solid-state solution with other slag components providing a strong slag bond
within the oxide pellet matrix. It can enhance pellet reduction properties and
can improve the strength of oxide pellets during the reduction process.
Alternatively, pyroxenite and olivine will be considered as potential fluxstones.

3.3.4.2 Coal/coke

The fixed carbon content of the coal/coke will provide between 20% and 30%
of the total fuel requirement for pelletizing. It improves overall fuel economy,
since solid fuel is generally a less expensive source of heat than oil or gas.
Additionally, the use of internal carbon in the green balls yields an overall
increase in pellet plant productivity.

3.3.4.3 Bentonite

This additive is the most economical binding agent readily available. Its use
improves the balling process and its ability to absorb about 20 times its weight
in water can benefit balling with a blend of ore and additives having higher than
optimum balling moisture content.

3.4 Proportioning of ore and additives

3.4.1 The chemical composition of the fired pellets will be controlled by proper
proportioning of the ore and additives. There will be feed material storage bins
as outlined below. Each storage bin shall have two (2) outlets.

The final numbers of bins, bin sizes, and outlets per bin will be set during
engineering.

3.4.1.1 There will be four (4) iron ore filter cake storage bins, each having a volume of
850 m3.

3.4.1.2 There will be two (2) ground fluxstone & coal/coke storage bins, each having a
volume of 600 m3.

3.4.1.3 There will be one (1) ground bentonite storage bin, having a volume of 450 m3.
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3.4.1.4 There will be one (1) recycle dust storage bin, having a volume of 450 m3. The
recycle storage bin will contain collected dust from ESPs and baghouses in the
indurating, product screening and/or product handling areas.

3.4.2 Filter cake will be fed onto the mixer feed belt conveyor by variable speed belt
conveyors with a weigh scale. Additives and recycled dust will be metered by
weigh feeders onto the mixer feed conveyor, which will feed into the mixer(s).
Since the recycle dust is already at the correct pellet chemistry, precise control
of the dust feed rate will not be required for process control but is available so
that bin level can be maintained. Housekeeping baghouse dust in the mixing
area will be recycled back to the process on to the mixer feed conveyors.

3.5 Mixing

3.5.1 High intensity mixer(s) will provide a homogeneous balling disc feed. Only
minor water addition, if any, shall be required in the mixer. Provisions to include
space for a total of two (2) mixers will be provided in the design.

3.5.2 Material discharge from the mixer(s) will be collected and delivered by belt
conveyors to the balling disc feed bins. The level of the material in the balling
disc feed bins will be controlled by a series of belt plows on the flat conveyor
belt discharging into the top of the balling disc feed bins, along with load cell to
measure the filled capacity of the bins.

3.6 Balling

3.6.1 There will be ten (10) variable speed balling discs installed. Space for a future
eleventh (11) and twelfth (12) disc to be provided. Additional space for future
thirteenth (13) and fourteenth (14) discs to be allowed, but no construction to
be permitted. The bins will be supported on load cells that monitor bin level.
Bin filling will be handled by a series of belt conveyor plows that raise and lower
as required to maintain the level in the balling feed bins. The belt conveyor will
end in the last bin. The balling discs will be fed with conveyor belts equipped
with belt scales for feed rate control.

3.6.2 Green pellets will discharge from the balling discs onto a short conveyor feeding
onto a roller screen which will screen the fines and discharge the green pellets
onto a short conveyor feeding a collecting conveyor. The collecting conveyor
transports the green pellets to a green pellet conveyor which feeds a green
pellet conveyor with a reciprocating head pulley mechanism.

3.6.3 The reciprocating conveyor will distribute the green pellets across a wide belt
conveyor.

3.6.4 The wide belt conveyor will distribute the green pellets across a double deck
roller screen (DDRS) which will screen the green pellets and discharge the on-
size fraction onto the induration machine.

3.6.5 The off-size green pellets will be screened out by the roller screens at each
balling disc and by the DDRS ahead of the indurating machine. The off-size
green pellets will be recycled back to the balling circuit via the roller screen
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recycle return, green fines return and mixed ore conveyors. Green pellet
shredders will be used to mechanically reduce the oversize pellets. The green
pellet conveyors and reject conveyors shall be sized for a rejection rate of 40
percent, although recycle rates of 25% or less are anticipated.

3.6.6 To facilitate processing varying ore types, balling disc speed, scraper position,
water sprays, disc angle, and feed point will be adjustable. Normally, only minor
adjustments to water addition and disc speed will be needed to produce good
quality green pellets once initial operating conditions are established. Following
the initial setup for the disc, the other adjustments will be necessary only when
there is a significant change in the ore characteristics.

3.7 Induration – Grate-Kiln

3.7.1 The traveling grate will be fed continuously from the DDRS, which lays down
the green pellets across the full width of the machine. The last several rolls of
the DDRS will have adjustable gaps which will allow a final size separation of
the green pellets as the green pellet bed is formed. The gaps will allow smaller
green pellets to be laid on the grate first while the larger green pellets will form
the upper portion of the green pellet bed. The upper and lower portions of the
green pellet bed will each have a narrower size distribution of pellets which will
improve the bed permeability and reduce the pressure drop across the bed. In
addition, the larger green pellets will be in the upper portion of the bed and,
therefore, will be exposed to the higher process gas temperatures for a longer
period. The smaller pellets in the lower portion of the bed require less heat
input due to the smaller size. The two-layer green pellet bed will result in an
improvement in overall fired pellet quality.

3.7.2 The initial stages of pellet induration: Drying, Tempered Preheat, and Preheat;
occur on the traveling grate. The anticipated total bed height of green pellets
will be constant up to approximately 178 mm. The speed of the traveling grate
will be variable and automatically controlled to maintain a constant bed height.

5 3.7.3 The traveling grate shall have five (5) processing zones: downdraft drying 1
(DDD1), downdraft drying 2 (DDD2), tempered preheat 1 (TPH1), tempered
preheat 2 (TPH2), and preheat (PRE). In the downdraft drying zones, gas flow
will remove free water from the pellet bed. The downdraft drying off-gases will
be exhausted to atmosphere following dust removal. The heat for downdraft
drying 1 will be recovered from cooling zone 5. The heat for DDD2 will be
recovered from the TPH2/PRE zone exhaust.

5 3.7.4 The next processing zones are tempered preheat and preheat. Dried green
pellets do not have the physical properties necessary to survive direct feeding
to the rotary kiln and thus must be semi-indurated. For acceptable semi-
induration, it is necessary for green pellets to be substantially heated and
fluxstone carbonates (if used) to be substantially calcined. The heat for TPH1
will be supplied from cooling zone 4. The heat for TPH2 will be supplied from
cooling zone 3. The heat for PRE will be supplied from the rotary kiln exhaust
gases and from cooling zone 2. Process gases from the TPH1 zone will be
discarded after dust removal. Process gases from the TPH2 and PRE zones
are combined and transported for use in DDD2.
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3.7.5 After preheating, the pellets will be fed to a rotary kiln to be fired at high
temperature. Preheated secondary air for the rotary kiln burner is provided from
cooling zone 1 of the annular cooler. The remaining heat from the rotary kiln
exhaust gases from firing of the pellets is recuperated in the PRE zone. After
firing, the pellets are discharged to the annular cooler.

3.7.6 The annular cooler load zone is located directly below the kiln discharge area.
This is the area in the cooler where pellets are discharged from the kiln to the
cooler.

3.7.6.1 The load wall separates the load zone from the dump zone of the cooler. The
load wall is used to contain pellets in the load zone and to minimize air leakage
into the load zone. A grizzly bar system will be used to direct oversize lumps
away from the pellet bed and down the grizzly discharge chute. The system is
air cooled by two (2) fans.

3.7.6.2 A screed wall divides the load zone from zone 1 of the cooler. The screed wall
is used to contain pellets in the load zone and to ensure a level bed of pellets
enters zone 1 of the cooler. It performs this by screeding the top of the bed of
pellets. In order to maintain a fully screeded bed of pellet entering zone 1 of
the cooler the level of pellets across the full width of the screed wall in the load
zone must always be maintained above the bottom of the screed wall. A fully
screeded bed in zone 1 thru zone 4 of the cooler is important to ensure that
cooling air is evenly distributed through the pellet bed. The bed height in the
Annular Cooler is expected to be approximately 762 mm (30 inches). The
screed wall and baffle walls separating the cooler zones are air cooled by two
(2) fans.

5 3.7.7 The annular cooler is separated into five (5) distinct cooling zones utilizing five
(5) separate cooler fans.

3.7.7.1 Cooler fan 1 provides ambient air to cooling zone 1, which serves two (2)
important functions. The first is to begin cooling the pellets discharged from the
rotary kiln to a temperature suitable for downstream material handling
equipment. The second is to provide the now preheated ambient air to the
rotary kiln burner system as secondary air to ensure complete combustion.

5 3.7.7.2 Cooler fan 2 provides ambient air to cooling zone 2 of the annular cooler. As
with cooling zone 1, cooling zone 2 serves two (2) important functions. First is
the continued cooling of the indurated pellets to reduce their temperature such
that safe handling by downstream material handling equipment is possible. The
second is to recuperate a portion of the remaining sensible heat from the fired
pellets for use in the PRE zone, while bypassing the rotary kiln to reduce gas
velocities in the kiln feed end chute.

5 3.7.7.3 Cooler fan 3 provides ambient air to cooling zone 3 of the annular cooler. As
with cooling zones 1 and 2, cooling zone 3 serves two (2) important functions.
First is the continued cooling of the indurated pellets to reduce their temperature
such that safe handling by downstream material handling equipment is
possible. The second is to recuperate a portion of the remaining sensible heat
from the fired pellets for use in the TPH2 zone.
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5 3.7.7.4 Cooler fan 4 provides ambient air to cooling zone 4 of the annular cooler. As
with cooling zones 1, 2 and 3, cooling zone 4 serves two (2) important functions.
First is the continued cooling of the indurated pellets to reduce their temperature
such that safe handling by downstream material handling equipment is
possible. The second is to recuperate a portion of the remaining sensible heat
from the fired pellets for use in the TPH1 zone.

5 3.7.7.5 Cooler fan 5 provides ambient air to cooling zone 5. As with cooling zones 1,
2, 3 and 4, cooling zone 5 provides both continued cooling of the product pellets
as well as heat recuperation, in this case to DDD1. The ambient air provided
by cooler fan 5 to cooling zone 5 completes the final stage of cooling to ensure
that the product pellets discharged from the annular cooler are at a temperature
suitable for transport on equipment downstream from the annular cooler
discharge. The targeted fired pellet discharge temperature from the Annular
Cooler is expected to be less than 100 degrees C.

5 3.7.8 The cooled fired pellets are discharged from the annular cooler to the owner’s
product conveyor after completion of cooling zone 5. The product conveyor
feeds a product screening bin, which feeds a vibrating product screen.
Undersize pellet product discharges to a separate conveyor system for
transportation to a sinter plant or fines storage stockpile(s). On-size pellet
product is conveyed to pellet storage pile(s) or for direct feeding to the owner’s
downstream processes.

3.7.9 The bulk of heat for indurating will be supplied by burners, firing fuel as specified
under Section 6.3, in the rotary kiln, traveling grate furnaces, and recuperation
ducts. Automatic control of individual burners utilizing a PLC based system will
be incorporated into the plant design.

3.8 Environmental Controls

3.8.1 The pellet plant will convert high grade iron ore into heat hardened pellets,
suitable for direct reduction or blast furnace. The process steps in the core
plant will consist of receiving iron ore filter cake, receipt and preparation of
additives, blending and mixing of raw materials into a pelletizing mix, green
pellet formation, heat hardening of the pellets, and screening and conveying of
the final pellet product. Raw materials will include ground iron ore with the
following additives: bentonite, coal/coke, dolomite, limestone, pyroxenite,
and/or olivine. Additives will be mixed with the concentrate to facilitate the
process and to influence the product quality. The burner fuel for pelletizing will
be Coke Oven Gas (COG), Mixed Gas and/or Coal Tar. Mixed Gas will be a
prescribed mixture of COG and Blast Furnace Gas (BFG). Blast Furnace Gas
alone cannot be used due to insufficient calorific value.

3.8.2 Particulate in the exhaust gases will be collected in Baghouses or Electrostatic

Precipitators (ESPs) to meet environmental standards.

3.8.3 The collected process gas dust will be recycled back into the process.
Pneumatic conveying systems will transport the dust to a storage/feeding bin in
the mixing area for recycle to the process.
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3.8.4 A housekeeping baghouse will be used to collect fugitive dust from the Annular
Cooler Discharge Area and Pellet Screening Station from dust takeoffs
incorporated into the design of the system.

3.8.5 All housekeeping baghouse collected dust will be recycled back to the process.
Pneumatic conveying systems will transport the Process gas dust and the
Annular Cooler Discharge baghouse dust to a storage/feeding bin in the mixing
area where it will be recycled to the mixer feed blend.

3.8.6 The coarse additive receiving bins in the additive preparation area will have a
baghouse for dedusting. The collected dust will be recycled to the respective
bin.

3.8.7 Similarly, the coarse bentonite bin area will have a baghouse. Collected dust
will be discharged into the bentonite storage bin.

3.8.8 Ground additive bins in the blending and mixing area will have an associated
baghouse to recycle collected dust back to their respective bins.

3.8.9 Gaseous Emissions

3.8.9.1 Products of combustion will be discharged from the indurating waste gas stack.
The indurating waste gas stack will also contain carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting
from the calcination of carbonates in the additives or the ore and sulfur oxides
(SOx) from combustion of the sulfur-containing compounds in the fuels. Other
compounds in the flue gases will include low concentration nitrous oxides (NOx),
carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds, as well as carbon dioxide,
water vapor, nitrogen, and oxygen. Restrictions on the height of the exhaust
stacks must be determined after performing atmospheric dispersion modeling.
The dispersion modeling is not included in M:O’s scope. Approximate
uncontrolled SOX and NOX values emitting the plant will be determined during
Basic Engineering after the completion of the Iron Ore Testing Program.

3.8.9.2 Pellet Plant process equipment and layout shall be designed to allow for future
SOx and NOx abatement equipment implementation.

3.8.10 Particulate Emissions

2 3.8.10.1 Process gas cleaning devices installed in the plant are designed so that gases
discharged into the environment shall contain less than 10 mg/Nm3 of
particulates.

5 3.8.10.2 Housekeeping baghouses shall be designed to meet an emission limit of less

than 10 mg/Nm3.
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3.8.11 Service Cooling Water

A cooling tower shall provide cooling water to various users throughout the plant
as required.

A service cooling water heat exchanger and recirculating cooling pumps shall
provide equipment cooling water for non-contact heat removal from equipment
such as air compressors, grinding mill drives, reciprocating conveyor belt
drives, fan bearing heat exchangers, etc., throughout the plant.

3.9 Utilities

3.9.1 Filter press air compressors and drying air compressors for the filter presses
shall be supplied.

3.9.2 Compressed air for general plant use shall be supplied by a dedicated plant air
compressor and receiver system.

3.9.3 Dry, oil-free instrument air shall also be supplied by a dedicated instrument air
compressor and receiver system. The air will be treated and dried to a dew
point compatible with the local ambient conditions.

3.9.4 Make-up Water shall be provided by JSPL to the battery limits.

3.9.5 Standby Power shall be provided by a diesel generator by JSPL.

3.9.6 Floor Cleaning

3.9.6.1 Floor washdown sumps and sump pumps are located in the filtering, balling,
and indurating areas of the pellet plant. The concrete floors below the other
areas shall be designed to be cleaned by vacuum cleaner or hand swept and
shoveled. The machine discharge pit shall include a sump and pump which will
pump any slurry in the pit to the concentrate thickener.

3.9.7 Noise

3.9.7.1 All plant equipment shall be specified with the basic intention of not exceeding
85 dBA at a horizontal distance of 1000 mm.

3.9.7.2 Personnel ear protection may be required in some parts of the facility and shall
be determined during start-up. Proper signs shall be posted by JSPL under
these conditions.

3.9.8 Storm Run-Off

3.9.8.1 Storm water run-off shall be channeled via gravity storm drains to battery limits
to be continued by JSPL to an on-site settling or collection pond.

3.9.9 Maintenance Services

3.9.9.1 A storage and maintenance building area shall be included.

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3.10 Analytical Services

3.10.1 A laboratory shall be included for all physical, chemical, and reduction testing,
and for analytical services.

3.11 Office Facilities

3.11.1 Office facilities for the pellet plant superintendent, staff, and appropriate shift
personnel shall be included.

3.11.2 Control Room and Process Control

3.11.3 A central control room shall also be included. Programmable logic controllers
(PLC's) for motor control shall be integrated with a distributed control system
(DCS) for process control and human/machine interface (HMI).

PROCESS PLANT BATTERY LIMITS

4.1 Coarse limestone, dolomite, bentonite, other fluxes, and coal/coke shall be
delivered by conveyor by JSPL to a covered storage building.

4.2 Iron ore slurry shall be supplied via pipeline by JSPL to a distributor that feeds
the thickeners. Thickener underflow will then transport the feed to slurry
storage tanks ahead of the filter presses in the dewatering area.

4.3 Product pellets shall be discharged from the induration system and screened.
Screened pellet product and fines shall be transported by JSPL to downstream
processing or storage facilities.

4.4 Electric power—design voltage levels and parameters are as follows:

33 kV
6.6 kV
415 ± 10%
Frequency 50 Hz ± 5%
Control Voltage 230 VAC single phase

4.5 Water for plant water make-up and potable services shall be supplied by JSPL
from existing facilities at the plant battery limits at 5.0 kg/cm2g. The distribution
piping and metering within the core process plant is described below:

4.5.1 Make-up cooling water, supplied by JSPL from the existing system, shall be
used as make-up for evaporation losses to the service cooling system.

4.5.2 Lintel cooling water is not required for the Grate-Kiln Process.

4.6 Coke Oven Gas, BFG, and coal tar shall be supplied to the battery limits by
JSPL. The fuel will be consumed during pellet induration and additive
drying/grinding.
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4.7 Fire protection water shall be supplied from JSPL’s existing fire water supply
system. A separate header system from the fire water supply shall be provided
depending on the approval of local regulatory agencies.

4.8 Sanitary waste and storm water handling and treatment shall be the
responsibility of JSPL.

ENGINEERING DATA

2 5.1 The pellet plant conveyors and hardware shall be designed to handle
production of 6,000,000 tons of fired Blast Furnace (BF) Grade pellets per year
in 330 days of operation (7,920 scheduled hours per year of operation)—plus
25% design safety factor. Actual indurating capacity is dependent upon the
specific ore being utilized, the type of pellets being produced, and quality
specifications of the user. Total plant availability is dependent upon the specific
operating and maintenance practice employed at the site.

5.2 Balling Area

5.2.1 All wear surfaces shall be lined.

5.2.2 High pressure process water shall be fed to balling discs using a pressure
regulator valve and water spray piping system.

5.2.3 The mass balance shall be calculated for design purposes with 25% recycle of
combined oversize and undersize at the double deck roller screen at the
machine feed. Conveyors in this area will be designed for a 40% combined
recycle.

5.2.4 The normal free water content of the green pellets shall be approximately 9.5%
by weight.

5.3 Indurating

5.3.1 Recirculating dust loads from the induration and product handling areas shall
be estimated at 2.5% to 3.5% by weight of the annular cooler discharge fired
pellets for mass balance purposes. This % shall be confirmed during Basic
Engineering.

5.3.2 Screened pellet fines shall be estimated at 1.5% by weight of the annular cooler
discharge fired pellets for mass balance purposes.

5.3.3 The loss on ignition (LOI) during induration is dependent on the ore, the
percentage of carbonate stone, the carbonate content of the fluxstone, and the
bound water in the bentonite. It will be variable, and a function of the feed blend.
Off-gases will include CO2 from the calcining of carbonates. All free water in
the green pellet feed will be vaporized in the indurating process.

5.3.4 All indurating process gases will pass through ESPs or baghouses prior to being
released to the atmosphere.
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5.3.5 For cooling purpose, process water will be sprayed on the product conveying
belt as required. Fire water will be piped to the product conveyors for
emergency cooling.

5.3.6 The plant design shall include multiple fuel burner(s) capable of firing COG, or
a mixture of COG and BFG, or Coal Tar.

5.3.6.1 Burner system shall be designed for flame safety at each burner.

5.3.6.2 Each burner shall be equipped with a High Energy Ignitor.

5.3.7 Suitable numbers of control stations, as defined by JSPL’s process and

instrumentation designers shall be included to control drive systems and
instrumentation in various areas.

5.3.8 Process fans shall be sized:

5.3.8.1 Based on M:O’s proprietary process modeling of the provided pellet feed, fuels,
and ambient site conditions and shall be confirmed by pot grate testing of
representative ore sample supplied by JSPL.

5.3.8.2 The process fans shall be standardized to the extent possible for spare parts
minimization.

5.3.9 The process ductwork damper operators shall have Beck (or equal) type motor
drives, designed for continuous modulation.

5.3.10 Process fan drives will be variable speed.

5.3.11 The conventions for air volume measurement will be Normal cubic meters (Nm3)
at 0C and 760 mm Hg.

5.3.12 Conveyors

5.3.12.1 Design capacity for all conveyors shall be established unit by unit considering,
upsets to the process, startup and shutdown criteria, and process recovery
criteria. Typical design margin is 25%, but may be higher to handle surges, etc.
 Project No. C.007542 Revision 05
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5 5.4 Feed material characteristics:

Chemical Iron Ore Bentonite Limestone Coal

† Dolomite †
Analysis * Conc. ** ** **
FeTotal 64.600% 12.730% 0.230% 0.800% 0.561%
FeO 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%
LOI 2.990% 7.670% 43.500% 45.300% 88.200%
Fe2O3 92.200% 18.200% 0.329% 1.144% 0.803%
FeO∙OH 0.179%
FeCO3
Carbon 74.000%
CaO 0.023% 0.857% 0.220% 0.618%
CaCO3 94.772% 52.258%
MgO 0.040% 1.600% 0.154% 0.226%
MgCO3 1.297% 42.768%
Sulfur 0.020% 0.220% 0.460%
VM 12.620%
Al2O3 2.500% 16.900% 0.400% 0.400% 3.303%
SiO2 2.230% 48.600% 0.760% 2.700% 6.038%
P2O5 0.118% 0.146% 0.221%
F 0.030% 0.070% 0.020%
Cl 0.020% 0.700% 1.100%
Others -0.262% 6.027% 1.291% 0.356% 0.591%
Bound H2O 2.902% 6.680% 1.151% 0.000% 0.000%
Wt % for BF 91.274% 0.593% 1.050% 6.544% 0.539%
Wt % for DR 97.089% 0.650% 1.401% 0.000% 0.860%

* Note – Chemical analyses have been normalized to 100% by adding or

subtracting Others (/ Inerts).
** Note – Feed material characteristics shown above for Iron Ore Concentrate,
Bentonite, and Coal are JSPL tested materials per COREM report
127925-V2 (dated 23-Feb-2021).
†
Note – Feed material characteristics shown above for Limestone and
Dolomite are COREM standard test materials due to the JSPL test
materials being contaminated, as per the pot-grate testing program.
Note – DR pellet compositions to be confirmed during pot-grate testing program.
 Project No. C.007542 Revision 05
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5 5.5 Green and fired pellet compositions:

BF Grade Pellets DR Grade Pellets

Components Green Ball Fired Pellet Green Ball Fired Pellet
FeTotal 59.096% 63.320% 60.414% 64.457%
FeO 0.000% 0.000% 0.193% 0.000%
LOI 6.671% 0.000% 6.264% 0.000%
Fe2O3 84.345% 90.531% 44.236% 92.156%
FeO∙OH 0.163% 0.000% 46.655% 0.000%
FeCO3 0.311% 0.000%
Carbon 0.399% 0.000% 0.750% 0.000%
CaO 0.044% 2.697% 0.234% 1.039%
CaCO3 4.415% 0.000% 1.320% 0.000%
MgO 0.057% 1.502% 0.095% 0.109%
MgCO3 2.813% 0.000% 0.016% 0.000%
Sulfur 0.022% 0.000% 0.009% 0.000%
VM 0.068% 0.000% 0.031% 0.000%
Al2O3 2.430% 2.604% 2.858% 3.049%
SiO2 2.541% 2.723% 3.245% 3.462%
P2O5 0.110% 0.118% 0.126% 0.135%
F 0.028%
Cl 0.028%
Others -0.107% -0.175% 0.047% 0.050%
Bound H2O 2.644% 0.000% 0.067% 0.000%

Note: DR pellet compositions to be confirmed during pot-grate testing program.

5 5.5.1 Fired Pellet Basicity:

Basicity BF Pellet DR Pellet

B2 =CaO / SiO2 = 0.9907 0.3000
B3 = CaO / (SiO2 + Al2O3) = 0.5064 0.1595
B4 = (CaO + MgO) / (SiO2 + Al2O3) = 0.7884 0.1763

5.6 Fired Pellet Quality:

5 5.6.1 Cold Compression Strength (CCS): ≥ 260 kgs/pellet †

5.6.2 Tumble Index (TI): ≥ 95 % +6.3 mm †

5.6.3 Abrasion Index (AI): ≤ 4.3 % -0.5 mm †

Project No. C.007542 Revision 05
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UTILITIES

6.1 Plant Make-up Water

6.1.1 A single water source shall be provided from JSPL’s existing supply to serve as
service water. Approved means of segregating potable water supply from
process users are to be provided in the piping design.

Pressure: 5.0 kg/cm2 (g)

Temperature: 30 to 35 C

6.1.2 Make-up Water Minimum Quality

SMELL Odorless
TURBIDITY 20 NTU
CONDUCTIVITY 130 – 180 µS/cm
pH 8–9
TOTAL HARDNESS 40 – 46 mg/l as CaCO3
TOTAL ALKALINITY 40 – 50 mg/l as CaCO3
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 90 – 130 mg/l
FREE CO2 1.2 – 1.80 mg/l
BI-CARBONATE 40 – 50 mg/l
SULPHATE 0 – 10 mg/l as CaCO3
CHLORIDE 20 – 40 mg/l as CaCO3
SILICA 24 mg/l
CALCIUM 20 – 24 mg/l as CaCO3
MAGNESIUM 16 – 26 mg/l as CaCO3
SODIUM 30 – 44 mg/l as CaCO3
IRON TOTAL 0.05 – 0.07 mg/l as Fe

6.2 Fire Water

6.2.1 High pressure water supply for connection to the pellet plant fire water loop shall
be provided from JSPL’s existing fire water system at the pellet plant battery
limits:

Pressure: 7.0 kg/cm2 (g)

Temperature: 30 to 35C
 Project No. C.007542 Revision 05
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6.3 Fuel

5 6.3.1 Mixed Coke Oven Gas and Blast Furnace Gas shall be provided by JSPL at the
pellet plant battery limits as follows:

Pressure: 800 ± 100 mm WC

Temperature: 40 - 45 °C
Density: 0.85 – 0.96 kg/m3 (0.95 normal)
Calorific Value (net): 1,900 ± 100 kcal/Nm3
Analysis:
Components % by Volume
CO2 17.0700%
N2 37.7841%
CH4 7.0300%
H2 18.6500%
CO 18.5000%
C2H2 0.3171%
H2S 0.0118%
NH3 0.0047%
C5H10 0.6323%

3 6.3.2 Coal Tar shall be provided by JSPL at the pellet plant battery limits as follows:

Parameters UOM Possibilities at TSD-BPP

Temperature °C 49
Moisture % 2.4
Density at 80°C g/cm3 1.14
Density at 15°C g/cm3 1.18
Density at 140°C g/cm3 1.102
Matters insoluble in Quinoline % 3.88 – Spec ; ≤3.0
Matters insoluble in Toluene % 7.34 – Spec: ≤7.0
Dynamic Viscosity at 50°C cp 60.0
Dynamic Viscosity at 80°C cp 16.8
Ash Content % 0.12
Flash Point (COC) °C 96
Naphthalene % 6.0
BTX % 5.0
Carbon % 88.64
Hydrogen % 4.88
Nitrogen % 0.93
Carbon Residue % 38.0
IBP (Distillation) °C 97
Temp up to 30% Recovery °C 270
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Parameters UOM Possibilities at TSD-BPP

3 Temp up to 50% Recovery °C 310
Temp up to 64% Recovery °C 392
Temp up to 90% Recovery °C Nil
FBP (Distillation) °C 392
Calorific Value- Gross Kcal/kg 9540
Sulphur -total % 0.45
Total Recovery V% 62.0

4 6.3.3 Light Diesel Oil shall be provided by JSPL at the pellet plant battery limits as
follows:
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6.4 Plant Air

6.4.1 Plant Air compressors, dryers, and receiver shall be provided in the pellet plant
as required to maintain plant air requirements.

Plant Air Pressure: 7.0 kg/cm2 (g)

Temperature: 40C

6.5 Instrument Air

6.5.1 Instrument air oil free compressor, dryer, and receiver shall be provided in the
pellet plant as required to maintain instrument air.

Pressure: 7.0 kg/cm2 (g)

Temperature: 40C

6.6 Pneumatic Conveying Air

6.6.1 Air compressors, dryers, and receiver shall be provided for the pneumatic
conveying systems to recycle dust collected from the process exhaust gas and
the housekeeping dust collectors.

Pressure: 7.0 kg/cm2 (g)

Temperature: 40C

6.7 Process Water / High Pressure Process Water

6.7.1 Process water for miscellaneous uses and emergency cooling for product
conveyors, will be distributed from the process water sump. High pressure
water users include balling disc sprays, emergency cooling sprays in the
machine discharge dust hood, and floor washdown hoses. Pressures are
typically 4 to 5 kg/cm2 for the lower pressure process water and 7 to 8 kg/cm2
for the high-pressure system.

6.8 Cooling Water

6.8.1 A cooling tower shall provide cooling water to the various users including the
traveling grate headshaft bearing oil heat exchanger, rotary kiln bearings, rotary
kiln drive lube oil heat exchanger and other miscellaneous users including
process fan bearing, motor, and VFD cooling, reciprocating head mechanism
cooling, grinding mill cooling, and compressor cooling.

6.8.2 Blowdown from the cooling tower shall be recycled back to the battery limits.

Pressure: 5.0 kg/cm2 (g)

Temperature: 34C

6.9 Soft Water

6.9.1 Softened make-up water is not an expected requirement for the Grate-Kiln
Process
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WEATHER DATA/SITE CONDITIONS

7.1 The below is to be confirmed by JSPL.

5 7.1.1 Ambient temperatures at the plant site are assumed as follows:

Maximum: 50 °C
Minimum: 10 °C

7.1.2 Maximum wind speed at the plant site is assumed as 180 km/hr.

7.1.3 Rainfall at the plant site is assumed as follows:

Maximum hourly: 100 mm

Maximum daily: 135 mm
Average yearly: 1495 mm

7.1.4 Relative humidity at the plant site is assumed as follows:

Maximum: 88 %
Minimum: 45 %
Average: 75 %

7.1.5 Seismic level at the plant site is assumed to be Zone III (as per IS :1893-2002).
Project No. C.007542 Revision 05
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UNIT OF MEASUREMENT

8.1 The following measuring units shall be used in the pellet plant design:

Rev Measurement Type Unit

Temperature C
Pressure, gauge kg/ cm2
Pressure, absolute kg/ cm2 (a)
Vacuum/low positive pressure (gauge) kg/ cm2, mm WC
Mass / Weight Kg, t, tonnes (metric tons)
Volume, liquids m3
Volume, gases (Standard Conditions) Nm3
(at 0C and 760 mm Hg)
Flow rate – liquid m3/h
Flow rate – gases (Standard Conditions) Nm3/h
Flow rate steam kg/h
Flow rate – solids kg/h or tph
Heat kcal
Power kW, KVA
Heat transfer coefficient kcal/h m2 C
Viscosity cP
Liquid density kg/m3
Vapor density kg/m3
Equipment dimension mm
Piping length mm
Nominal pipe diameter in (inch)
Area m2
Tube sizes (NPS) millimeter (m) or inch (in)
Tube wall thickness BWG
Velocity m/s
Vessel / Nozzle sizes (NPS) In (inch)
Sound pressure dB(A)
Stresses kg/cm2
Force kgf (kilograms force)
Flange Rating ASME
Electric power for motors kW
Unit of length m or mm
Electrical Resistivity Ohm-cm
Surface tension mN/m, dyne/cm
Enthalpy kcal/kg
Heat Duty kcal/h
Heat capacity kcal/kg C
 Project No. C.007542 Revision 05
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SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL

9.1 Gaseous Fuels

9.1.1 Coke Oven Gas

Coke Oven Gas is considered a hazardous material due to its flammability. The
NFPA will be used as a guideline to design safe systems for the Coke Oven
Gas. The detail design may contain another level of protection using signs,
personal or area toxic gas sensors. The plant operator will need to educate
employees about the risks involved as well as how to manage gas leaks.

9.1.2 Blast Furnace Gas

Blast Furnace Gas is considered a hazardous material due to the high

concentration of carbon monoxide. The NFPA will be used as a guideline to
design safe systems for the Blast Furnace Gas. The detail design may contain
another level of protection using signs, personal or area toxic gas sensors. The
plant operator will need to educate employees about the risks involved as well
as how to manage gas leaks.

9.1.3 Coal Tar

Coal Tar is considered a hazardous material due to its flammability. The NFPA
will be used as a guideline to design safe systems for the Coal Tar. The detail
design may contain another level of protection using signs, personal or area
toxic gas sensors. The plant operator will need to educate employees about
the risks involved as well as how to manage leaks.

9.1.4 Burner Fuel Composition

The burner fuel for pelletizing will be COG, Mixed Gas and/or Coal Tar. Mixed
Gas will be a prescribed mixture of COG and BFG. Blast Furnace Gas alone
cannot be used due to insufficient calorific value.

2 9.2 Process Exhaust Gas

The process exhaust gas contains components that may cause health and
environmental damage. These components include; particulate, heavy metals,
sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds.
Carbon dioxide will also be released as a product of combustion and from
calcination of carbonate fluxstones.

Systems shall be specified to capture the majority of dusts in the process gas.
The outlet dust concentration shall be designed to achieve 10 mg/normal cubic
meter of dry air. The adequacy of these systems must be determined by
analyzing the impact of the emissions on the ambient air quality requirements.
The analysis is not included in M:O’s scope of work. The analysis shall also
determine if any measures are required for the other pollutants present in the
process exhaust gas.
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9.3 Dust

Dust will be generated at material handling transfer points and operations.

Airborne particulate is considered a health hazard.

Dust collection systems shall be specified to control the fugitive dust emissions.
The outlet dust concentration shall be designed to achieve 10 mg/normal cubic
meter of dry air for baghouse systems.

9.4 Process Water

9.4.1 The process water has been considered as non-hazardous for external contact
to humans. It does not have any toxic gases that could evolve or contain any
high concentrations of substances that could cause any skin irritation. The
process is not suitable for general domestic use. It will not meet drinking water
quality without treatment. The water will contain suspended and dissolved
solids from the iron ore and additives. Chemical additions to control corrosion
scale and biological fouling will likely be added to the cooling water circuits. The
process water will contain small concentrations of these chemicals also. The
water should be evaluated after commissioning to determine if it presents any
health or environmental risks.

9.4.2 The design will have a normal discharge of process water. Excess process
water will be delivered to JSPL at the boundary limits of the Pellet plant.

9.4.3 The operators routinely have contact with the process water from splashing.
Other iron ore pellet plants have not reported any health problems associated
with the process water. There is a remote concern that hazardous compounds
could enter the process water either from water conditioning or from trace
components in the raw materials.

9.5 Nitrogen

9.5.1 Nitrogen will be used in selected areas to purge fuel lines or prevent flammable
conditions. Nitrogen can be a hazard to human health if it collects in a confined
space and displaces normal air. The plant should adapt US OSHA guidelines
for confined space entry to protect operators and maintenance personnel. If
nitrogen lines or nitrogen supplied equipment are located in a room that is
typically occupied, oxygen deficiency monitors and alarms should be installed.
Project No. C.007542 Revision 05
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DESIGN FACTORS

10.1 Plant Production Flows

10.1.1 Pellet plant operation is between 70 to 100% of design capacity. Operation

below 50% is difficult to control and can lead to equipment damage if sustained
for long periods.

10.2 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

10.2.1 Fouling factor shall be as listed in the “Standards of Tubular Exchangers

Manufacturers Association” (TEMA).

10.2.2 A design margin for the heat exchange surface area shall be 10%.

10.3 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers

10.3.1 A design margin for the heat exchange surface area shall be 10%.

10.3.2 Design and build in accordance with ANSI/API Std. 661 / ISO 13706.

10.4 Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers

10.4.1 A design margin for the heat exchange surface area shall be 15%.

10.4.2 Plate and frame heat exchangers shall have an installed spare.

10.5 Field Erected Tanks

10.5.1 Design and built in accordance with API Std. 620 or 650 as applicable.

10.6 Line Sizing Guidelines

Pressure Drop Velocity

Service:
(kPa/100m) (m/s)
Cooling Water at Pump Suction 5 - 25 0.25 - 2.5
Cooling Water at Pump Discharge 12.5 - 50 1.5 - 4
Atmospheric or higher pressure gasses 2.5 - 50 20 - 30
Gas Stream with excess pressure Not Applicable 75 Maximum
Cooling Water (main lines) Not Applicable 2 - 3
Cooling Water (secondary lines) Not Applicable 1.5 - 2
Gravity Flow 0.05 maximum 0.3 - 0.8