CLASSIFICATION

OF LIPIDS

ANJALI M
229404

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WHAT ARE LIPIDS?

• Organic substances
• Relatively insoluble in water,
• Soluble in organic solvents
(Alcohols , ether, benzene, chloroform etc )
• Actually or potentially related to Fatty acids and
• Utilized by the living cells

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 CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
The scientist DAVID BLOOR in 1943 classified lipids on the basis of their chemical composition
into following types
LIPIDS

SIMPLE LIPIDS COMPOUND/CONJUGATED

DERIVED LIPIDS MISCELLANEOUS
LIPIDS
LIPIDS

FA+ALCOHOL FA+Alcohol+addl.grp. Hydrolysis of simple/ posses characterstics

compound lipids of lipids

Fats&oils waxes Fatty acids Carotenoids

(triacylglycerols) glycolipids other complex Glycerol Squalene
phospholipids lipids Steroids Terpenes
lipoproteins

glycerophospholipids
sphingophospholipids

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 FATTY ACIDS
• Fatty acids are long chains of Hydrocarbons that contain a carboxylic acid
functioning group at the end.
FATTYACIDS

SATURATED FATTYACIDS UNSATURATED FATTYACID

MONOUNSATURATED POLYUNSATURATED

ω-9 ω-3 , ω-6

• Saturated fatty acids are the fatty acids do not contains double bonds in the
hydrocarbon chains.
e.g., Butyric acid , Caproic acid

• Unsaturated fatty acids contains one or more double bonds.

e.g., Linoleic acid, oleic acid , palmitoleic acid
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 saturated fatty acid

unsaturated fatty acid

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• Monounsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids with one double bond.
- ω-9 represents the double bond position between 9 and 10 of fatty acid
from the methyl end.
e.g., oleic acid

• The fatty acids containing one or more double bonds are collectively known as
Polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- ω-3 : the first bond between the third and fourth carbon atom.
e.g., Linolenic acid
- ω-6 : bond between the sixth and seventh carbon atom.
e.g., Linoleic acid

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 SIMPLE LIPDS
• Simple lipids are Esters of fatty acid with alcohol .

(a) Fats & oils (triacylglycerols) : These are esters of fatty acids with glycerol.

(b) waxes : esters of fatty acids with alcohols other than glycerol. These alcohols
may be aliphatic or alicyclic . Cetyl alcohol is most commonly found in
waxes .

TRIACYLGLCEROLS

• Triacylglycerols are the triesters of fatty acids with glycerol .

• The fats and oils that occur in plants and animals consist largely of mixtures of
triacylglycerols (also called triglycerides)

structures of acylglycerols ;

Monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols(DAG) ,

and triacylglycerols (TAG) , respectively consist of
one , two , and three molecules of fatty acids
esterified to a molecule of glycerol are the
general structure of acylglycerols.

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GENERAL STRUCTURES OF ACYLGLYCEROLS FROM THE TEXT BOOOK OF BIOCHEMISTRY BY DR U SATHYANARAYANA
 PHOSPHOLIPIDS
• These Are Complex or compound lipids containing phosphoric acid and
nitrogenous base in addition to fatty acids and alcohol.
• Depending Upon The Alcohol Present Phospholipids Are 2 Types

1. GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPID (or phosphoglycerides)

- contain glycerol as the alcohol .

phosphatidic acid
Lecithins (Phophatidylcholine)
Cephalins (Phosphatidylethanolamine)
phosphatidylinositol
phosphatidylserine
Plasmalogens
Cardiolipin

2. SPHINGO PHOSPHOLIPID
- Here Sphingosine Is The Alcohol.
Sphingomyelin 7
SOURCE:TEXT BOOK OF BIOCHEMISTRY BY DR U SATHYANARAYANA

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 GLYCO LIPIDS
• Also Known As Glycosphingolipids
• They Contain Ceramide And Carbohydrates

• Cerebrosides
- Made Up Of Ceramide And Monosaccharides
-Where Galactose Is Present As Monosaccharide Is Known As
Galactocerebroside
- Where Glucose Is Present As Monosaccharides Is Known As
Glucocerebroside

• GANGLIOSIDES
-These Are The Derivatives Of Cerebroside Containing One Or
More Molecules Of N-acetylneuraminic Acid (Nana).

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LIPOPROTEINS
Lipoproteins Are Molecular Complexes Of Lipids With Proteins .They Are The
Transport Vehicles For Lipid In The Circulation.

TYPES FUNCTION

CHYLOMICRONS Transport of exogenous cholesterol from

Intestine

VLDL Transport of endogenous cholesterol

LDL Transport cholesterol to peripheral tissue

HDL Transport cholesterol to liver

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 STEROIDS
• Steroids Are Derived Lipids
• Occur Naturally In Plants, Animals ,And Fungi
• Steroids Are The Components Containing A Cyclic Steroid Nucleus Called
Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene(cppp).

CHOLESTROL

• CHOLESTROL IS AN ANIMAL STEROL

• IT EAS FIRST ISOLATED FROM BILE

ERGOSTEROL

• Occurs In Plants
• It Is Also Found As Structural Constitute
Of Membranes In Yeast And Fungi

TEXTBOOK OF BIOCHEMISTRY BY DR U SATHYANARAYANA

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 SUMMARY
DEFINITION: lipids are the organic substances relatively insoluble in water, soluble in
organic solvents , actually or potentially related to fatty acids and utilized by the living
cells.

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

➢ STORAGE FORM OF
ENERGY(TRIGLYCEROLS).
➢ STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF
SIMPLE LIPIDS BIOMEMBRANES.
➢ HELP IN ABSORPTION OF FAT
LIPIDS

SOLUBLE VITAMINS.
COMPOUND LIPIDS ➢ IMPORTANT METABOLIC
REGULATORS(STEROID HORMONES
DERIVED LIPIDS AND PROSTAGLANDINS.
➢ PROTECT INTERNAL ORGANS

MISCELLANEOUS LIPIDS

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 REFERENCES
➢ PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY BY DONALD J. VOET,JUDITH G. VOET,CHARLOTTE
W. PRATT
➢ TEXT BOOK OF BIOCHEMISTRY BY DR U SATHYANARAYANA AND DR. U
CHAKRAPANI

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