LTC491

Differential Driver and

Receiver Pair
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FEATURES DESCRIPTIO
■ Low Power: ICC = 300µA Typical The LTC®491 is a low power differential bus/line trans-
■ Designed for RS485 or RS422 Applications ceiver designed for multipoint data transmission standard
■ Single 5V Supply RS485 applications with extended common mode range
■ –7V to 12V Bus Common Mode Range (12V to –7V). It also meets the requirements of RS422.
Permits ±7V Ground Difference Between Devices
The CMOS design offers significant power savings over its
on the Bus
bipolar counterpart without sacrificing ruggedness against
■ Thermal Shutdown Protection
overload or ESD damage.
■ Power-Up/-Down Glitch-Free Driver Outputs Permit
Live Insertion or Removal of Package The driver and receiver feature three-state outputs, with
■ Driver Maintains High Impedance in Three-State or the driver outputs maintaining high impedance over the
with the Power Off entire common mode range. Excessive power dissipation
■ Combined Impedance of a Driver Output and caused by bus contention or faults is prevented by a
Receiver Allows up to 32 Transceivers on the Bus thermal shutdown circuit which forces the driver outputs
■ 70mV Typical Input Hysteresis into a high impedance state.
■ 28ns Typical Driver Propagation Delays with 5ns The receiver has a fail safe feature which guarantees a high
Skew for 2.5MB Operation output state when the inputs are left open.
■ Pin Compatible with the SN75180
■ Available in 14-Lead PDIP and SO Packages Both AC and DC specifications are guaranteed from 0°C to
70°C and 4.75V to 5.25V supply voltage range.
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APPLICATIO S , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.

■ Low Power RS485/RS422 Transceiver

■ Level Translator

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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
DE DE
4

9
5 120Ω 120Ω
D DRIVER RECEIVER R
10
4000 FT 24 GAUGE TWISTED PAIR
LTC491 LTC491
12
2 120Ω 120Ω
R RECEIVER DRIVER D
11
4000 FT 24 GAUGE TWISTED PAIR

3
REB REB LTC491 • TA01

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LTC491
W W W U U W U
ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
(Note 1)
Supply Voltage (VCC) ............................................... 12V TOP VIEW ORDER PART
Control Input Voltages .................... –0.5V to VCC + 0.5V
NC 1 14 VCC NUMBER
Control Input Currents .......................... –50mA to 50mA
R 2 R 13 NC
Driver Input Voltages ...................... –0.5V to VCC + 0.5V LTC491CN
REB 3 12 A
Driver Input Currents ............................ –25mA to 25mA 4 11 B LTC491CS
DE
Driver Output Voltages .......................................... ±14V D 5 10 Z LTC491IN
Receiver Input Voltages ......................................... ±14V GND 6
D
9 Y LTC491IS
Receiver Output Voltages ............... –0.5V to VCC + 0.5V GND 7 8 NC
Operating Temperature Range
N PACKAGE S PACKAGE
LTC491C ................................................. 0°C to 70°C 14-LEAD PDIP 14-LEAD PLASTIC SO
LTC491I .............................................. – 40°C to 85°C TJMAX = 100°C, θJA = 90°C/W (N)
TJMAX = 100°C, θJA = 110°C/W (S)
Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.

DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V ±5%
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VOD1 Differential Driver Output Voltage (Unloaded) IO = 0 ● 5 V
VOD2 Differential Driver Output Voltage (With load) R = 50Ω; (RS422) ● 2 V
R = 27Ω; (RS485) (Figure 1) ● 1.5 5 V
∆VOD Change in Magnitude of Driver Differential Output R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) ● 0.2 V
Voltage for Complementary Output States
VOC Driver Common Mode Output Voltage ● 3 V
∆ VOC Change in Magnitude of Driver Common Mode ● 0.2 V
Output Voltage for Complementary Output States
VIH Input High Voltage D, DE, REB ● 2.0 V
VIL Input Low Voltage ● 0.8 V
lIN1 Input Current ● ±2 µA
lIN2 Input Current (A, B) VCC = 0V or 5.25V VIN = 12V ● 1.0 mA
VIN = –7V ● – 0.8 mA
VTH Differential Input Threshold Voltage for Receiver – 7V ≤ VCM ≤12V ● – 0.2 0.2 V
∆VTH Receiver Input Hysteresis VCM = 0V ● 70 mV
VOH Receiver Output High Voltage IO = –4mA, VID = 0.2V ● 3.5 V
VOL Receiver Output Low Voltage IO = 4mA, VID = –0.2V ● 0.4 V
IOZR Three-State Output Current at Receiver VCC = Max 0.4V ≤ VO ≤ 2.4V ● ±1 µA
ICC Supply Current No Load; D = GND, Outputs Enabled ● 300 500 µA
or VCC Outputs Disabled ● 300 500 µA
RIN Receiver Input Resistance – 7V ≤ VCM ≤ 12V ● 12 kΩ
IOSD1 Driver Short Circuit Current, VOUT = High VO = – 7V ● 100 250 mA
IOSD2 Driver Short Circuit Current, VOUT = Low VO = 12V ● 100 250 mA
IOSR Receiver Short Circuit Current 0V ≤ VO ≤ VCC ● 7 85 mA
IOZ Driver Three-State Output Current VO = – 7V to 12V ● ±2 ±200 µA

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 LTC491
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SWITCHI G CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = 5V ±5%
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
tPLH Driver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF ● 10 30 50 ns
(Figures 2, 5)
tPHL Driver Input to Output ● 10 30 50 ns
tSKEW Driver Output to Output ● 5 ns
tr, tf Driver Rise or Fall Time ● 5 15 25 ns
tZH Driver Enable to Output High CL = 100pF (Figures 4, 6) S2 Closed ● 40 70 ns
tZL Driver Enable to Output Low CL = 100pF (Figures 4, 6) S1 Closed ● 40 70 ns
tLZ Driver Disable Time From Low CL = 15pF (Figures 4, 6) S1 Closed ● 40 70 ns
tHZ Driver Disable Time From High CL = 15pF (Figures 4, 6) S2 Closed ● 40 70 ns
tPLH Receiver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF ● 40 70 150 ns
tPHL Receiver Input to Output (Figures 2, 7) ● 40 70 150 ns
tSKD  tPLH – tPHL Differential Receiver Skew ● 13 ns
tZL Receiver Enable to Output Low CL = 15pF (Figures 3, 8) S1 Closed ● 20 50 ns
tZH Receiver Enable to Output High CL = 15pF (Figures 3, 8) S2 Closed ● 20 50 ns
tLZ Receiver Disable From Low CL = 15pF (Figures 3, 8) S1 Closed ● 20 50 ns
tHZ Receiver Disable From High CL = 15pF (Figures 3, 8) S2 Closed ● 20 50 ns

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life Note 3: All typicals are given for VCC = 5V and temperature = 25°C.
of the device may be impaired.
Note 2: All currents into device pins are positive; all currents out of device
pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to device ground unless
otherwise specified.

U U U
PI FU CTIO S
NC (Pin 1): Not Connected. GND (Pin 6): Ground Connection.
R (Pin 2): Receiver Output. If the receiver output is enabled GND (Pin 7): Ground Connection.
(REB low), then if A > B by 200mV, R will be high. If A < B NC (Pin 8): Not Connected.
by 200mV, then R will be low.
Y (Pin 9): Driver Output.
REB (Pin 3): Receiver Output Enable. A low enables the
receiver output, R. A high input forces the receiver output Z (Pin 10): Driver Output.
into a high impedance state. B (Pin 11): Receiver Input.
DE (Pin 4): Driver Output Enable. A high on DE enables the A (Pin 12): Receiver Input.
driver outputs, Y and Z. A low input forces the driver
outputs into a high impedance state. NC (Pin 13): Not Connected.

D (Pin 5): Driver Input. If the driver outputs are enabled VCC (Pin 14): Positive Supply; 4.75V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.25V.
(DE high), then a low on D forces the driver outputs Y low
and Z high. A high on D will force Y high and Z low.

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 LTC491
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Driver Output High Voltage Driver Differential Output Voltage Driver Output Low Voltage
vs Output Current, TA = 25°C vs Output Current, TA = 25°C vs Output Current, TA = 25°C

–96 64 80

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

–72 48 60

– 48 32 40

–24 16 20

0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

LTC491 • TPC01 LTC491 • TPC02 LTC491 • TPC03

TTL Input Threshold vs Temperature Driver Skew vs Temperature Supply Current vs Temperature

1.63 5.0 350

INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

1.61 4.0 340
TIME (ns)

1.59 3.0 330

1.57 2.0 320

1.55 1.0 310

–50 0 50 100 –50 0 50 100 –50 0 50 100

TEMPERATURE (°C ) TEMPERATURE (°C ) TEMPERATURE (°C )

LTC491 • TPC04 LTC491 • TPC05 LTC491 • TPC06

Driver Differential Output Voltage Receiver  tPLH tPHL Receiver Output Low Voltage
vs Temperature, RO = 54Ω vs Temperature vs Temperature at I = 8mA

2.3 7.0 0.8

DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

2.1 6.0 0.6

TIME (ns)

1.9 5.0 0.4

1.7 4.0 0.2

1.5 3.0 0
–50 0 50 100 –50 0 50 100 –50 0 50 100

TEMPERATURE (°C ) TEMPERATURE (°C ) TEMPERATURE (°C )

LTC491 • TPC07 LTC491 • TPC08 LTC491 • TPC09

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 LTC491

TEST CIRCUITS
Y
R
VOD2

R
VOC
Z

LTC491 • F01

Figure 1. Driver DC Test Load

CL1 A
Y

D DRIVER RDIFF RECEIVER R

Z CL2 B 15pF

LTC491 • F02

Figure 2. Driver/Receiver Timing Test Circuit

S1 1k
RECEIVER
VCC
OUTPUT

CL 1k

S2

LTC491 • F03

Figure 3. Receiver Timing Test Load

S1
VCC

OUTPUT 500Ω
UNDER TEST

CL S2

LTC491 • F04

Figure 4. Driver Timing Test Load

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LTC491
U W W
SWITCHI G TI E WAVEFOR S
3V
D 1.5V f = 1MHz : tr ≤ 10ns : tf ≤ 10ns 1.5V
0V
tPLH tPHL
VO
50% 80% VDIFF = V(Y) – V(Z) 90% 50%
–VO 10% 20%
tr tf

Z
VO
Y
1/2 VO tSKEW 1/2 VO tSKEW LTC491 • F05

Figure 5. Driver Propagation Delays

3V
DE 1.5V f = 1MHz : tr ≤ 10ns : tr ≤ 10ns 1.5V
0V
tZL tLZ
5V
A, B OUTPUT NORMALLY LOW
2.3V 0.5V
VOL

VOH
2.3V 0.5V
A, B OUTPUT NORMALLY HIGH
0V
LTC491 • F06
tZH tHZ

Figure 6. Driver Enable and Disable Times

INPUT
VOD2
A-B 0V f = 1MHz ; tr ≤ 10ns : tf ≤ 10ns 0V
–VOD2
tPLH tPHL
VOH
R 1.5V OUTPUT 1.5V
VOL
LTC491 • F07

Figure 7. Receiver Propagation Delays

3V
REB 1.5V f = 1MHz : tr ≤ 10ns : tf ≤ 10ns 1.5V
0V
tZL tLZ
5V
R OUTPUT NORMALLY LOW
1.5V 0.5V
VOL

VOH
0.5V
R OUTPUT NORMALLY HIGH
1.5V
0V
LTC491 • F08
tZH tHZ

Figure 8. Receiver Enable and Disable Times

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 LTC491
U U W U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Typical Application outputs of the driver are accidently shorted to a power
A typical connection of the LTC491 is shown in Figure 9. supply or low impedance source, up to 250mA can flow
Two twisted-pair wires connect up to 32 driver/receiver through the part. The thermal shutdown circuit disables
pairs for full duplex data transmission. There are no the driver outputs when the internal temperature reaches
restrictions on where the chips are connected to the wires, 150°C and turns them back on when the temperature cools
and it isn’t necessary to have the chips connected at the to 130°C. If the outputs of two or more LTC491 drivers are
ends. However, the wires must be terminated only at the shorted directly, the driver outputs can not supply enough
ends with a resistor equal to their characteristic imped- current to activate the thermal shutdown. Thus, the ther-
ance, typically 120Ω. The input impedance of a receiver is mal shutdown circuit will not prevent contention faults
typically 20kΩ to GND, or 0.6 unit RS-485 load, so in when two drivers are active on the bus at the same time.
practice 50 to 60 transceivers can be connected to the
same wires. The optional shields around the twisted pair
help reduce unwanted noise, and are connected to GND at 12
one end. RX
2
RECEIVER
120Ω
DATA IN
3 11
The LTC491 can also be used as a line repeater as shown 4
in Figure 10. If the cable length is longer than 4000 feet, the
LTC491 is inserted in the middle of the cable with the 10
5
receiver output connected back to the driver input. DX DRIVER
9
120Ω
DATA OUT

Thermal Shutdown LTC491

LTC491 • F10

The LTC491 has a thermal shutdown feature which pro-

tects the part from excessive power dissipation. If the Figure 10. Line Repeater

12 12
2 120Ω 120Ω 2
RX RECEIVER RECEIVER RX
3 11 11 3

4 4

10 10
5 120Ω 120Ω 5
DX DRIVER DRIVER DX
9 9

LTC491 9 10 11 12 LTC491
LTC491

RECEIVER

DRIVER

LTC491 • F09

5 4 3 2
DX RX

Figure 9. Typical Connection

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LTC491
UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
Cables and Data Rate When using low loss cables, Figure 12 can be used as a
guideline for choosing the maximum line length for a given
The transmission line of choice for RS485 applications is
data rate. With lower quality PVC cables, the dielectric loss
a twisted pair. There are coaxial cables (twinaxial) made
factor can be 1000 times worse. PVC twisted pairs have
for this purpose that contain straight pairs, but these are
terrible losses at high data rates (>100kBs), and greatly
less flexible, more bulky, and more costly than twisted
reduce the maximum cable length. At low data rates
pairs. Many cable manufacturers offer a broad range of
however, they are acceptable and much more economical.
120Ω cables designed for RS485 applications.
Losses in a transmission line are a complex combination Cable Termination
of DC conductor loss, AC losses (skin effect), leakage and The proper termination of the cable is very important.
AC losses in the dielectric. In good polyethylene cables If the cable is not terminated with it’s characteristic
such as the Belden 9841, the conductor losses and impedance, distorted waveforms will result. In severe
dielectric losses are of the same order of magnitude, cases, distorted (false) data and nulls will occur. A quick
leading to relatively low over all loss (Figure 11). look at the output of the driver will tell how well the cable
is terminated. It is best to look at a driver connected to the
10
end of the cable, since this eliminates the possibility of
getting reflections from two directions. Simply look at the
driver output while transmitting square wave data. If the
LOSS PER 100 ft (dB)

cable is terminated properly, the waveform will look like a

1.0 square wave (Figure 13).
If the cable is loaded excessively (47Ω), the signal initially
sees the surge impedance of the cable and jumps to an
initial amplitude. The signal travels down the cable and is
reflected back out of phase because of the mistermination.
0.1
0.1 1.0 10 100

FREQUENCY (MHZ) PROBE HERE

LTC491 • F11

Figure 11. Attenuation vs Frequency for Belden 9481 Rt

DX DRIVER RECEIVER RX

10k

Rt = 120Ω
CABLE LENGTH (ft)

1k

Rt = 47Ω

100

Rt = 470Ω
10
10k 100k 1M 2.5M 10M

DATA RATE (bps) LTC491 • F13

LTC491 • F12

Figure 12. Cable Length vs Data Rate Figure 13. Termination Effects
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 LTC491
UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
When the reflected signal returns to the driver, the ampli- Receiver Open-Circuit Fail-Safe
tude will be lowered. The width of the pedestal is equal to
Some data encoding schemes require that the output of
twice the electrical length of the cable (about 1.5ns/foot).
the receiver maintains a known state (usually a logic 1)
If the cable is lightly loaded (470Ω), the signal reflects in
when the data is finished transmitting and all drivers on the
phase and increases the amplitude at the driver output. An
line are forced into three-state. The receiver of the LTC491
input frequency of 30kHz is adequate for tests out to 4000
has a fail-safe feature which guarantees the output to be in
feet of cable.
a logic 1 state when the receiver inputs are left floating
AC Cable Termination (open-circuit). However, when the cable is terminated with
120Ω, the differential inputs to the receiver are shorted
Cable termination resistors are necessary to prevent un- together, not left floating. Because the receiver has about
wanted reflections, but they consume power. The typical 70mV of hysteresis, the receiver output will tend to main-
differential output voltage of the driver is 2V when the tain the last data bit received, but this is not guaranteed.
cable is terminated with two 120Ω resistors, causing
33mA of DC current to flow in the cable when no data is The termination resistors are used to generate a DC bias
being sent. This DC current is about 60 times greater than which forces the receiver output to a known state; in the
the supply current of the LTC491. One way to eliminate the case of Figure 15, a logic 0. The first method consumes
unwanted current is by AC coupling the termination resis- about 208mW and the second about 8mW. The lowest
tors as shown in Figure 14. power solution is to use an AC termination with a pull-up
resistor. Simply swap the receiver inputs for data proto-
The coupling capacitor must allow high-frequency energy cols ending in logic␣ 1.
to flow to the termination, but block DC and low frequen-
cies. The dividing line between high and low frequency 5V

depends on the length of the cable. The coupling capacitor 110Ω 130Ω 130Ω 110Ω
must pass frequencies above the point where the line
represents an electrical one-tenth wavelength. The value RECEIVER RX

of the coupling capacitor should therefore be set at 16.3pF

per foot of cable length for 120Ω cables. With the coupling
5V
capacitors in place, power is consumed only on the signal
edges, and not when the driver output is idling at a 1 or 0 1.5k
state. A 100nF capacitor is adequate for lines up to 4000
140Ω
feet in length. Be aware that the power savings start to RECEIVER RX

decrease once the data rate surpasses 1/(120Ω × C).

1.5kΩ

120Ω 100kΩ
5V
C 120Ω
C RECEIVER RX

RECEIVER RX

C = LINE LENGTH (ft) x 16.3pF

LTC491 • F15
LTC491 • F14

Figure 14. AC Coupled Termination Figure 15. Forcing “O” When All Drivers are Off

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LTC491
UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
Fault Protection
Y
All of LTC’s RS485 products are protected against ESD DRIVER
120Ω

transients up to 2kV using the human body model (100pF,

Z
1.5kΩ). However, some applications need more
protection. The best protection method is to connect a
bidirectional TransZorb® from each line side pin to ground
(Figure 16). LTC491 • F16

A TransZorb is a silicon transient voltage suppressor that Figure 16. ESD Protection with TransZorbs
has exceptional surge handling capabilities, fast response
time, and low series resistance. They are available from required for your application (typically 12V). Also, don’t
General Semiconductor Industries and come in a variety of forget to check how much the added parasitic capacitance
breakdown voltages and prices. Be sure to pick a break- will load down the bus.
down voltage higher than the common mode voltage TransZorb is a registered trademark of General Instruments, GSI

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PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
N Package
14-Lead PDIP (Narrow .300 Inch)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1510)

.770*
(19.558)
MAX
14 13 12 11 10 9 8

.255 ± .015*
(6.477 ± 0.381)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

.300 – .325 .130 ± .005 .045 – .065

(7.620 – 8.255) (3.302 ± 0.127) (1.143 – 1.651)

.020
(0.508)
MIN .065
.008 – .015 (1.651)
(0.203 – 0.381) TYP

+.035
.325 –.015 .005
.018 ± .003

( )
.120
+0.889 (0.125) .100
8.255 (3.048) (0.457 ± 0.076)
–0.381 MIN MIN (2.54)
BSC
NOTE:
INCHES
1. DIMENSIONS ARE N14 1002
MILLIMETERS
*THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .010 INCH (0.254mm)

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 LTC491
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PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
S Package
14-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow .150 Inch)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1610)

.337 – .344
.045 ±.005 (8.560 – 8.738)
.050 BSC NOTE 3
14 13 12 11 10 9 8
N

N
.245
MIN .160 ±.005
.228 – .244 .150 – .157
(5.791 – 6.197) (3.810 – 3.988)
NOTE 3
1 2 3 N/2 N/2

.030 ±.005
TYP RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

.010 – .020
× 45° .053 – .069
(0.254 – 0.508)
(1.346 – 1.752)
.008 – .010 .004 – .010
(0.203 – 0.254) 0° – 8° TYP (0.101 – 0.254)

.016 – .050 .014 – .019 .050

(0.406 – 1.270) (0.355 – 0.483) (1.270)
TYP BSC
NOTE: S14 0502
INCHES
1. DIMENSIONS IN
(MILLIMETERS)
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .006" (0.15mm)

491fa

Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.

However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 11
LTC491
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO S
RS232 Receiver RS232 to RS485 Level Transistor with Hysteresis

R = 220k
RS232 IN

5.6k RECEIVER RX Y
10k
120Ω
1/2 LTC491 RS232 IN DRIVER

LTC491 • TA02
5.6k 1/2 LTC491 Z
VY - VZ  19k
HYSTERESIS = 10kΩ • ———— ≈ ————
R R
LTC491 • TA03

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LT/TP 0104 1K REV A • PRINTED IN USA

Linear Technology Corporation
12 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
(408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ●
www.linear.com  LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1992