UTS (Understanding the Self) -kung sino kainteract natin nag iiba yung

behavior natin depending on the people na

PART I: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE kausap natin o situation na meron
PART II: UNPACKING THE SELF c. Spiritual Self - refers to the most intimate
PART III: MANAGING AND CARING FOR THE SELF and important part of the self that includes the
person's purpose, core values, conscience, and
moral behavior.
PART I: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE -relatively stable throughout our life
PSYLOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE "The path to understanding the spiritual self
-These are the ways to develop and understand requires introspection".
ourselves theories
CARL ROGER'S SELF THEORY
“Understanding of the Self is the Highest when the
"REAL and IDEAL SELF"
different parts of the self-become integrative”

-You don’t just grow your cognitive it must be balance or Self-Concept - refers to the image of oneself.
in order
Self - flexible and changing perception of
“An important aspect of understanding the self is SELF- personal identity.
AWARENESS” -Carl rogers
✓center of experience
- Self Awareness
✓suggests that the self develops from
- Conscious interactions with significant people and
-know yourself first awareness of one's own characteristics and level
of functioning.
William James Concept of Self “The ME-
SELF and the I-SELF”

1. I-SELF refers to the self that knows who he or •According to ROGERS, human beings are always
she is; also called the "thinking self". striving for self-fulfillment or self-actualization.

-reflects the soul of a person or the mind which is •When the needs of the self are denied, severe
also called pure ego. anxiety may arise.

-sarili natin na alam ang buong pagkatao natin •Central to achieving self-actualization is the
development of self-concept.
-existence about ourself

-internally
Components of SELF-CONCEPT
Ego-self you know yourself
1. REAL SELF - consist of all ideas, including the
2. ME-SELF- empirical self which refers to the awareness of what one is and what one can do;
persons personal experiences and is further what you really are.
divided into sub-categories: the material self,
social self, and spiritual self. 2. IDEAL SELF - is the person's conception of
what one should be or what one aspires to be
Me self- empirical self, it reflects personal which includes one's goals and ambitions in life;
experiences the person you would like to be.
-externally

a. Material Self - attributed to an individual's

physical attributes and material possessions that
contribute to one's self-image.

-what belongs to a person

b. Social Self - refers to who a person is and

how he or she acts in social situations.
 ❖ Bandura posists that humans, through their
agency are perceived as proactive (positive
actions/reactions) agents of experiences.

AGENCY - embodies the endowments, belief

systems, self-regulatory capabilities, and
distributed structures and functions through
which personal influence is exercised, rather than
reside as discrete entity.

Features of human agency

Intentionality

-refers to acts done intentionally. Intentions

center on plans of action with the anticipation of
possible outcomes.

-Intentions focus on plans and actions

-all actions have intention

Forethought
DAVID LUSTER
-enables the person to anticipate the likely
"MULTIPLE VERSUS UNIFIED SELF TRUE consequences of prospective actions. Through the
VERSUS FALSE SELF" exercise of forethought, people are guided in their
actions in the anticipation of future events.
●The construction of multiple selves varies
across different interpersonal and intrapersonal -Possible and foreseeable events motivate an
roles and relationships. agent to act up in the present.
●Coping with different selves constitutes -believing yourself
difficulty among adolescents. These challenges
contribute heavily to the young person's struggle Self-Reactiveness
for a unified self. - involves making choices and choosing
-this happens during the adolescents it is a time appropriate courses of action as well as
to know more yourself or answer (‘Who am I?’) it motivating and regulating them.
can lead to personality struggle. -An agent must also be a self-regulator (control)
Unified- try to associate yourself with other and motivator
people that leading to multiple self. -assess yourself before you make a decision

Self-Reflectiveness
"TRUE SELF and FALSE SELF" -gives the person the ability to reflect upon and
FALSE SELF - its function is to hide and protect the adequacy of his or her thoughts and actions.
the true self (e.g. dating) show this self to People are not only agents of action but also self-
impress others. examiners of their own functioning.

TRUE SELF - is manifested when you are with -An agent must also be a self-examiner of his
people you are most comfortable with. functioning.

-they accept their true self -you talk to yourself and reflect

ALBERT BANDURA

"PROACTIVE and AGENTIC"

 4. ANIMUS - masculine side of the female
psyche.

SELF - central archetype that unites all parts of

the psyche.

The EGO is the individual's conscious perception

of the self.

EFFICACY BELIEFS are the foundation of human

agency.

-plays a central role in self-regulation which is the

ability of an individual to control his or her
behavior without having to rely on others for
help.

SIGMUND FREUD "CONSTRUCTION OF SELF

CARL JUNG and PERSONALITY"

"CENTRAL ARCHETYPE"

•Archetypes - the universal models after which The mind is composed of three structures which
roles are patterned. personality is formed.

-represents the hidden potentialities of the

psyche continues to develop throughout life, but
1. ID - refers to the component of personality
the psyche starts to show a definite form and
characterized by its need to satisfy basic
content during adolescence.
urges and desires. pleasure-seeking side,
•Reside in the personal unconscious (forgotten impulsive, child-like, and demands instant
experiences) that is common to all human beings gratification.
known as COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS. 2. EGO - refers to the I and operates on the
reality principle and controls the id.
❖ It can conform with the existing societal
consideration.
Four MAJOR Archetypes

1. PERSONA - refers to the social roles that 3. SUPEREGO - refers to the "conscience"
individuals present to others. and "moral judge" of one's conduct.
Violation of the rules leads to feelings of
guilt. It strives for perfection rather than
pleasure.
2. SHADOW - refers to the repressed thoughts
that are socially unacceptable. This is often The ID is the devil within the self, the
considered as the "Dark Side of the Psyche". SUPEREGO is the angel, and the EGO is the
person in the middle.

3. ΑΝΙΜΑ - feminine side of the male psyche.

❖ EGO STRENGTH - the ego's ability to resolve ❖The child derives pleasure from examining.
the conflict between the three structures. If this touching, fondling, or displaying their genitals.
constant state of conflict is unresolved,
personality problems may arise. ❖These behaviors are likely motivated by
curiosity about the differences between the
anatomy of a man and a woman.

❖Sex curiosity will remain high during the

elementary years and children will tend to ask
questions regarding anatomical structures, sex,
and how babies are made.

During this stage, parents and teachers need to

properly educate their children about sexuality.

Fixations in this stage may lead to abnormal sex

behaviors later in life

4. LATENCY STAGE -7 to 12 years

❖Sexual energy is repressed because children

become occupied with school

SIGMUND FREUD

Psychosexual Stages of Development 5. GENITAL STAGE - adolescence to adulthood

❖ Freud believes that each stage has needs and ❖During this stage, pleasure is again derived
that the dissatisfaction of needs may result in from the genital area and the individual seeks to
FIXATION(an obsessive drive that may or may not satisfy their sexual drives from sexual
be acted on involving an object, concept or relationships.
person) which could have lasting negative effects
❖Sexual problems may result as a consequence
on one's personality.
of inappropriate sex behaviors.
1. ORAL STAGE - lasts from birth to first year of
life.

❖babies derive pleasure from oral activities like

sucking and biting.

❖Overindulgence of oral needs may lead to oral

incorporative personality disorder such as
overeating, smoking, and alcoholism.

❖Dissatisfaction - may lead to oral aggressive

personality disorder such as sarcasm and
tactlessness.

2. ANAL STAGE - around the second year of life.

❖The child derives pleasure from elimination of

body wastes.

❖Through toilet training, the child learns the

basic rules of society.

❖ANAL Fixations can lead to anal retentive

personality disorder such as obsession with
cleanliness or anal expulsion personality disorder
such as clumsiness.

3. PHALLIC STAGE - 3 to 6 years of life.

 ❖ If children are overly protected, they may
become very dependent on their parents and feel
a sense of shame or doubt in their own abilities.

❖Erikson believes that this stage has important

implications in the development of independence
and identity during adolescence.

[Link] VS GUILT -3 to 5 years old of life.

❖Developing a sense of responsibility among

children lead to the development of initiative

❖A child who is made to feel irresponsible might

develop feelings of guilt.

-responsibility, responsible student that this could

lead to initiative

[Link] VS INFERIOTITY 5-12 years old

elementary yrs

ERIK ERIKSON ❖Children face the task of developing knowledge

and skills usually taught in schools.
Psychosocial Stages of Development
❖When children are encouraged in their efforts,
-involves relationship with people the way you they will develop a sense of industry.
relate yourself to others the contribute to the
development -competent

•Adolescence is a period of identity development. -sa pagsusulat (industry) if the parenst is

supportive the child will develop INDUSTRY
•Some of the symbols such as having "state-of-
the-art" mobile phones, designer bags and INFERIORITY- the child receive little
clothes, and other material possessions. encouragement in will turn to

•The theory proposes that individuals go through -may contribute to the growth
a psychological stages of development. [Link] FORMATION VS INDENTITY
CONFUSION 13-21

[Link] AND MISTRUST 0-2 ❖CONFUSION - adolescent years.

❖first year of life. Adolescents face the task of finding out who they
are, what they are, and what they want in life
❖The child will develop trust it he or she is
properly cared for. If the child is not well-cared They are confronted with many roles and
for, mistrust is likely to develop. responsibilities.

- from birth to one year old totally dependent in * If parents provide proper support, adolescents
parents will develop positive identity.

Can I trust the world virtues the values? If they are not adequately supported, they will
feel insecure and identity confusion will likely to
[Link] VS SHAME AND DOUBT develop.
❖first 3 years of life. -fidelity
❖Autonomy - independence of thought and Many roles that may do confusion
confidence to think and act for oneself. Children
begin to assert their independence. If parents Positive support – positive identity
allow their children to explore, they will become 6. INTIMACY VS ISOLATION 25-40 YRS OLD
more confident and secure in their own abilities.
❖early adulthood when people explore personal [Link]
relationships.

❖It is vital that people develop intimate

relationships with others.

❖Those who are successful in this stage will likely

form relationships that are stable and successful.

-find someone

-early adulthood

You are now starting to build not only to our self

but for the sharing to another person

If it is stable or not

[Link] VS STAGNATION

❖middle adulthood

❖GENERATIVITY involves a person's desire to

contribute to the world by teaching, leading, and
guiding the next generation and doing activities
that will benefit the community.

❖Those who fail to attain generativity will feel

worthless.

-they think of others

-involves to desire to contribute to the world

-pinangagaralan ka to make you a better person

Middle adulthood 41-60

-fail to attain generativity worthless stagnated-

selfish -stock in that stage

8. INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR old age

-focused on self-reflection in one’s life.

❖Individuals reflect on the important events of

their lives. If they are satisfied and proud of their
accomplishments, they will feel a sense of
integrity.

❖Those who are unsuccessful will feel that their

life has been wasted and will experience regrets
and despair.

-was my life

-wisdom

-ready to face death because develop of integrity

-nafullfil

Desperate

Full of regrets life has been wasted

[Link] events