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INTRODUCTION

Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land,including
the following:

Living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly

called gardening, the art and craft of growing plants with a goal of creating a beauty within the
landscape.
Natural abiotic elements, such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water.
Abstract elements, such as the weather and lighting conditions.

People have practiced landscaping for centuries. As far back as the ancient Mayans, humans
were manipulating the land for both aesthetic and practical reasons. The addition of plants,
changes to the existing terrain and the construction of structures are all part of landscaping.
Today landscaping refers to the planning, laying out and construction of gardens that enhance
the appearance and create useable space for outdoor activities around a home.
When it comes to landscaping, the options abound. Some people want a perfectly balanced
combination of hardscape (patios) and softscape (plants). Some people want a sustainable
landscape design that saves water and creates a natural habitat. While other people want to
recreate a certain garden style they find appealing, such as modern or tropical. Still others
want a space complete with an outdoor kitchen, fire pit and swimming pool where they can
entertain friends and family. Whatever you desire, make sure you communicate this clearly to
the pro you are working with.
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OBJECTIVE

To explain the significance of landscape in an institutional campus.

To elaborate the elements of landscape design in different user space.
To explain the tools and integrated system that produce sustainable and intelligent
landscape design for an institutional campus.
To identify the developments in landscape technologies and the strategies that reduce the
energy consumption and protect our climate.

RATIONALE FOR SELECTION

The main reason for the selection of topic revolves around the idea and concept of making a place
lively, habitable, user friendly, where people feel good to visit, sit and spend time. The institutes are
place where students come to make themselves representable, educated, responsible and civilized.
Here the students spend most important time and majority of their day, thus the place should be
designed in a manner that makes itcomplete on the whole.
Any place is complete with the combination of building, nature, landscaping and most importantly
people to whom the place is going to cater. Landscaping of the institute will require different kinds of
elementsof landscape depending upon the different spaces within the campus aswell as depending
upon the location of that particular space in that area.

METHODOLOGY:
• Live and literature case studies regarding landscaping in institutionalcampuses.
• Data collection and documentation of related information
• Site Visit-
• Gathering the information available
• Understanding the environment
• Understanding the context of the site
• To study research papers and thesis
• Analysis and conclusion
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SCOPE

• To understand the contribution of sustainable landscape design elements in overall

building efficiency.
• To understand the working of landscape services.
• The importance of connecting indoor and outdoor spaces will be studied.
• The study will involve exploring the softscapes, hardscapes, paving patterns,
pathways, landscape furnishing, sitting areas, benches, planters, lighting.
• To understand the psychological effect the landscape design will have on the students
studying in the college.

WHAT IS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE?

The word LANDSCAPE is made up of two words “Land” means a place where people live and
“Scape” means a wide view of a space. Landscapeis the result of action and interaction of
natural and man-made factors.
Landscape architecture is the designing and planning of outdoor areas and structures to
achieve socio-cultural, environmental and aesthetic outcomes. It deals with beautification and
management of the environment by organizing spaces, establishing a connectivity between
outdoor and indoor spaces. Landscape is derived from the nature. Nature has always played
an important role in the lives of all people and so does the landscaping around us. It effects
the quality of environment, quality of life, well-being of the society. Landscape is a means to
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connect the building to a space and to the people who use the building, who see the building
and who visit the building. Landscape architecture combines environment and design. It is
about everything outside the building door, both urban and rural, at the interface between
people and nature. Landscape architecture is not only confined to outside a building but inside
a building to. It enhances the space. It gives great aesthetic value. It forms a visual connection

between the people and the building.

Landscape architecture is one of the most important tools for creating a sustainable
architecture. It is not only the most important but also the easiest and cost-effective tool for
improving the quality of the environment and imparting sustainability to the architecture. The
landscaping around the building provides a means to that building to connect to the
surrounding and people. Apart from providing connectivity to indoor and outdoor spaces it
also contributes to the aesthetic beauty of the building as well as the surrounding areas.

LANDSCAPING IN HILLS AND SLOPES

There are many landscaping ideas for sloping hills that create beautiful outdoorliving
spaces and enhance house design while increasing home values.
Softly sloping hills can require hard work, but patience and creative yard landscaping ideas
that compliment natural surroundings turn outdoor living spaces into gorgeous gardens
and spectacular places to relax and connect withthe nature in elegant and pleasant style.
Yard landscaping ideas that do not fight the nature, but emphasize and enrich the
surroundings can be transformed into attractive and practical areas that is not difficult to
maintain and inviting. The size of a yard and the steepness of the hillare major factors
to consider when selecting garden design and deciding on howthe area going to be used.
If the hill yard is very steep, then terracing is a great idea for front and backyard designs.
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TERRACING AND HILL LANDSCAPING IDEAS

Terracing makes yard landscaping more manageable and attractive. Terraces reduce the
chances of injuries and mud slides. A series of terracesprovide flat areas for growing edible
herbs, flower beds or vegetable gardens. Terraces are great for creating outdoor seating
areas also.
Terraces can feature steps, look formal with stone walls or natural reflecting natural
landscaping. Creative and smart terracing and hill landscaping ideas canbe beautified by
adding side gardens, flower beds, paved patios, stairs and ramped pathways.
There is no limit for creativity and original, interesting and surprising landscapingideas.
Classic or natural, contemporary or rustic hill landscaping that offers outdoor seating areas
can be designed and appreciated. Shrubs and decorative
grasses, planted trees and flower beds can add unique accents to hill yard landscaping ideas.
Even dead tree parts and old fences can be used for keeping hills look charming. Trees
planted on a hillside and long fences look stunning as you and your quests look over them
from the top of the hill. Trees growing on a hill give you a fabulous feeling of being amongst
the tree tops.
Sloping hill landscaping ideas and garden design on a hill have tremendous potentials.
Unleash your imagination and create very natural or formal outdoorliving spaces with seating
areas and flower beds or charming water features. Formal or rustic, hill landscaping ideas
with terracing, seating areas and water features look spectacular.
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The image above shows that the space between the building was utilizedfor the construction
of Amphitheatre, with the shady trees.

CONTEXT AND CHARACTER

Landscape setting: The landscape setting of the institution is crucial to the contentment,
well-being and imagination of both the students and other people who use it.

Outdoor learning: Landscaping around the campus become an important part of outdoor
learning. Many a times students just sit and study in the fresh air near waterbody sitting on
thegreen grass.

Presentation: Landscaping in the college campus contribute to the aesthetic look of the
campus and makes it presentable bothinternally as well as externally.

Safety and Security: The college ground provides a physical andsocial environment that
reinforces poser.

Quiet play and contemplation: The institute should containoutdoor areas for studying,
quiet play, relaxation and retreat.
Fredrick Law Olmstead, landscape designer, once said, “The enjoyment of scenery employs
the mind without fatigue and yet exercises it;
tranquilizes it and yet enlivens it.”
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NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Biodiversity: The university ground can both demonstrate biodiversity through the planting
of regional endemic species and the creation of a place to learn about, experience and
treasure the natural world.

Soil Conservation: The university ground provides a place to protect, conserve and
showcase the top soil as a natural resource.

Microclimate: Landscaping is used to improve the microclimatic conditions of the built

environment. Since vegetation absorbs carbon from the air, students are able to breathe in
cleaner air. Green spaces also help to reduce noisesfrom neighboring cities and they provide
ample opportunities for students to engage in physical activities. This helps students to relieve
stress, relax and get some much-needed outdoor time.
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FLEXIBILTY AND CHANGE

• Space requirements: The landscaping in college campus is aplace that is large

enough to accommodate all required functions and uses.
• Multifunctionality: The college ground is a place designed with multifunctional
spaces which can be used in flexible manner to accommodate the varying needs of
the college campus now and infuture like future expansion.

ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN:

Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visiblefeatures of an area of land,
including:
• Living elements flora or fauna
• Natural elements such as landforms, terrain shape and elevationor water bodies in
form of fountain, lake (natural or man-made), swimming pool, pond etc.
• Human elements such as structures, building fences or other material objects created
and/or installed by humans like trellis,pergola, gazebo, pathway pattern, deck,
Jacuzzis etc.
• Abstract elements such as the weather and lighting conditions.
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In the above image we can see the different elements of design – line, color, form and texture.
Form can be seen in the different forms of the hedges and seating blocks. Use of contrasting
color oftextures have created a perfect balance in the design. The color and texture of the
elements are complementing each other.
Like the elements of design there are also present the elements of landscaping. These
elements are the foundation of good design. Some basic elements of landscape include:

LINE: Lines can be horizontal, vertical, diagonal or curved. Lines are used to accentuate an
object, control movement or draw attention to a focal point such as fire pit or water feature. A
walkwayor garden path with a direct route to a focal point will naturally draw a person to that
area. In contrast the pathway, that meanders will give a feeling of surprise to the person
walking.
Lines can be real (actual) or perceived (implied). perceived lines are created from a series of
objects organized in such a fashion to makeit seem as though a line is present. This can be
seen in the backyardlandscape design by using plant forms to imply a line.
Lines within a landscape is created by the shape and form of the landscape beds, sidewalks,
pathways, perimeter of a patio or a deck, where turf meets pavements and other hardscape
features. The rhythm and line design principle give a landscape a sense of movement. The
way a line is employed in a landscape design greatly impacts the flow of the whole design.
Straight lines and hard angles give formal look, while curved lines and organic shapes give
informal
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look and more natural feel in a garden. Whether straight lines will be used or curved lines it
depends on the context of the area as well asthe building or the campus for which landscape
is being designed.
Use of lines in landscape design:
Vertical lines can be used to pull the eye up and make a space feel larger. Tall trees and arbor
can be used to addvertical lines to a yard.
Horizontal lines make the space bigger by pulling the eye along the ground.

Use of vertical lines and hard angles

COLOR: In landscape design, color is crucial. Color brings a place to life by adding
dimensions and interests in it. Color has always played a very important role in the design. It
makes things lively. People are attracted towards colors and praise the beauty of the
compositions formed by the color. Nature’s own color is green. But green also has its shades.
As we talk about landscapethe thing that comes in our mind at once is plants and trees.
Landscaping is more than plants and trees. Also landscaping has more colors than green such
as color of paving, walls, fences, deck; color of beautiful flowers, different shades of green
can be seen in grasses, mounds and hedges. Similar colors create harmony while different
colors create contrast.
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Landscape of different places have their own different color themeswhich gives identity to that
particular place. Also, each site has its own color scheme and design scheme for the
landscape, thus the different elements having contrasting colors or similar colors exist in
harmony in a particular design scheme of landscaping and makes the design look nicely
composed with rhythm, harmony and balance.
Different ways color can be used in a landscape:

• It draws attention to an important feature, such as fountain, tree, sculpture, pathway

pattern etc.
• It blends the outdoors with the colors of the home
• Provide seasonal variety, for example, flowers of different colors bloom in different
seasons thus imparting different colors to the landscape theme during different
seasons of the year.
• It creates mood.

Different shades of green at one place

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Different colors used in landscaping

Contemporary landscape design is a celebration of color. Its hues anddifferent shades are
integrated in the hardscapes, contributed by the accessories and decor and above all color is
used in the planting plan. Here, in the landscaping color sets the mood in a very subtle way.
Before designing the landscape, a color palette is always selected. This color palette chosen
prior to designing becomes an overriding theme throughout the project. It guides the decisions
and further design goals of the scheme.

Cool color palette

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FORM: Form is associated with three dimensional objects. Form isa very important
element of design. We can see different three-dimensional shapes not only in buildings but in
landscape too. Shapeof the mounds, hedges, planters, waterbodies gazebos, pathways etc.
are different elements where we can see different forms of theseelements in different
designs at different sites. Shape of the plant gives the shape of the planting bed. For
example, a round plant canbe planted in the curved planting bed, thus the curve here gives
natural feel to that area.
Landscape plants may also change their form when they are grouped together in mass.
When a design composition is viewed as a whole.
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In the image we can see the forms in different elements of landscape. The planters seen in
the image have rhombus like shape. Also the planter present in the center of the plaza has
octagonal shape. Thus, here we can see the form in the shape of the planters.

Another example of the form in landscape design we can see from the image is the shape of
the pathway. The curved pathway with circular lawns creates a goodcomposition. The
organic shape of the pathway has given the lawn a design that is giving a natural feel
different from the formal one individual form become subordinate to the overall mass of the
composition.
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These are the beautifully sculpted mounds, another example of the forms. Different forms
can be achieved in different elements. Form is not only restrictedto the form of plants but
more than that. In this image apart from the mounds we can see the curved shape of the
water body. The feel which the people will get from this design is very much different from
the formal design.

TEXTURE: Texture is a surface characteristic, that one can feelwhile touching that object.
It is divided into three categories:
Coarse, Medium and Fine
Plant pavements, pathways, walkways, plaza and all other site elements have their own
texture. The texture comes from the material used in the design of that particular element.
Two different elements in a pathway will give different characteristic and feel to the
landscape ofthat area. Contrasting texture add interest to a landscape and play an important
role in the design composition.
Landscape plants and flowers possess a wide range of textural attributes, including leaf,
flower shape and surface, barks and stems. All of these greatly enrich the visual quality of
Cleveland landscape composition.
Landscape plants and flowers possess a wide range of textural attributes, including leaf,
flower shape and surface, barks and stems. All of these greatly enrich the visual quality of
landscape compositionof a particular area.

HARDSCAPE AND SOFTSCAPE

What is hardscape?
Hardscape is one of the two most important elements of landscape that makes the
landscape. It is the permanent structural components that consists of non-living elements
of landscaping for example paths, patios, arbors, walls, decks and sheds- as opposed to the
softscape which is limited to grass, soil, mulch, plants. Installing a hardscape is a long-term
investment in functionality as well as for aesthetic appeal.

Gazebo Pathway and stones

Hardscape includes any type of decorative structures such as, driveways, pathways,
fences, benches, trellis, pergola, water body. It is the critical part of the landscape design
as it also provides a sense of organization to the natural features. The elements of
hardscape provide the usage to a particular place such as driveway, drop off areas. The
pathways whether meandering or straight lead the visitors through softscape.
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Some elements of Hardscape:

Stone stacked wall Concrete patio

Stone Walkway

Pergola Metal Fence

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Hardscape as the name suggests is hard, yet movable, like stones, marble,cobbles. It is solid
and unchanging. It can be natural or man-made. For example, stones are natural hardscape
element while gazebos are artificialelement of hardscape.
What is softscape?
Softscape consists of animate (living), horticulture elements of landscape design. It includes
plants, flowers, shrubs, trees, grasses, ground covers, soil, mulch, flower beds etc. It
consists of living elements. It is a part of the landscape that is alive. The makeup of the
softscape is one of the most important part of landscaping. As the softscape depends on
the living elements, thus soft scaping largely depends on the climatic factor because climate
conditions largely effect the growth of the plants that can easily grow in a particular area.
Within a softscape, some plants may be permanent like evergreen shrubs and trees that
remain consistent throughout the year. Perennials are often added to add texture and color
to the design. Annuals add color and texture to the design seasonally. Use of annual and
perennial plants intelligently is the true concept of landscape design.
Ideally, a well-designed landscape incorporates a balance between the two,softscape and
landscape.

DESIGN APPROACH

The basic design approach for designing the landscape for any sitedepends on some basic
criteria along which we have to design.
These criteria include:
• Climate and microclimate
• Topography and orientation
• Site drainage and groundwater recharge
• Pedestrian and vehicular circulation
• Recreational amenities (Amphitheatre, water body)
• Plaza
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• Sitting spaces
• Furnishings and lightings
• Horticulture (plantation, trees, hedges, grass lawns, mounds)

❖ The main criteria while deciding the trees should be shade and beauty.
❖ Large thick shady trees should be planted in the periphery of the campus along the
boundary of the campus so as to cut the noise, dust and storms. These thick shady
trees will behave as the buffer for the campus. This plantation will also cut down the
heat and cold. The front part of the campus should be planted with medium sized
flowering treesfor beauty. These trees should not block the view of the building.
❖ For enhancing the scenic beauty one alternate is to plant a row of flowering trees in
front of the large shady trees which bloom in different seasons so as to add splash
of color and texture in different seasons. Although this alternate depends on the
architecture design, context, site and the kind of trees that can be planted in any
particulararea depending on the climatic factors and topography.

❖ If the trees have to be planted in two rows on both the sides of the road, theouter row
should consist of shady trees while the inner row should consist of ornamental
medium sized trees adding beauty.

Large shady trees along the road Ornamental trees in the inner row
❖ A thickly planted belt of Eucalyptus trees are considered ideal for planting on the
periphery as they do not block the view of thebuildings.
❖ Silver oak (Grevillea robusta), Polyalthia longifolia, Putranjiva roxburghii, seedling
mango, and rain tree (Samnea samari) are also considered good as peripheral trees.
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Silver oak Polyalthia longifolia Rain tree

❖ Proper placement and arrangement of institutional buildings are gainingimportance

in the modern world. It is now realized that an institutional building is not complete
until the walks, drives, lawns and recreational areas are properly developed in the
compound.
❖ The modern method requires large area of ground for proper landscapedevelopment.
❖ For landscape development, open area can be dividing into two well defined areas.
❖ First, the portion of the ground adjacent to the building and second, the remainder of
the area, usually at the rear of the building, should be developed for recreation.
❖ In the first area, that of public portions of the ground, the drives and walks should be
primary structures in order to give quick access from the points of approach to the
entrance of the building.
❖ Selection of the trees, their placements on the site (location) should depend on the
architectural style and shape of the building.
❖ Trees and shrubs with fruits, nuts and dangerous thorns are generallynot considered
for planting in the institutions.
❖ Development of the recreational area is very important in institutional rea.
Use of shred trees is restricted to the borders of the area, away from the landused for game
courts and athletics fields.

Combination of hedges and shrubs in symmetrical garden at an institute

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In order to enhance the beauty and attractiveness of the campus,certain areas around the
buildings should have best lawns, seasonal flowers, bulbous plants, rear pretty shrubs,
arches,

• Car Parking: A suitable car parking place is essential for visitor.

• Lawn: It is an important component of an institutional garden. The lawnareas
should be planted with hardy grasses , seasonal flowers, bulbous plants, rare and
pretty shrubs and climbers to enhance the beauty and attractiveness of the
building.
• Playground: It should have a playground and can be planted withlawn to look nice
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, but it is very difficult to maintain.

• Utility area: Institutional garden should have utility area for teachers, students and
staff.
• Sculpture: A sculpture can increase the beauty of a garden. It must be enjoyable.
• Selectionof plants Tree
• Selection of trees and their location depend on the architecture style of the building.
Trees with, beautiful flowers and handsome foliage are grown in the boundaries of
gardens.
• Ornamental trees: Mast tree, Ficus, Albizzia, Devil’s tree, Rain tree, Swamp pea,
Paradise tree, Bread fruit, Umbrella tree.etc.
• Flowering trees: Champas, Oleander, Allamanda, Mussaenda, Candle brush,
China box, China rose, Ixora, Gardenia etc.
• Evergreen trees: Evergreen trees are required for the places that require shade
throughout the year, strong visual screening, part ofwindbreak or shelter planting
and areas where leaf litter is to be reduced.
• Deciduous trees: Deciduous trees are generally used for the great visual variety,
partial visual barrier, areas where under-planting is to be encouraged (for example
grass), emphasis on branching and flowering pattern and areas where shade is not
required throughoutthe year.

Site Section

SITE
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Site Section XX’

Site Section YY’

MASTER PLAN
Vision Statement
The proposed project “Gandhi Star Observatory and Recreational Centre” offers to protect,
sustainably develop and reconnect people to the rich historic, scientific resources of Indian
history. It aims to achieve the following objectives: to remove the current imbalance in the
benefits of tourism resulting from concentration of crowd and tourism in main and over-
crowded in the other spots of Guwahati and lack of mechanisms to push tourism towards
asset-rich but less explored locales, such as the Gandhi Mandap in Sarania hills. This
project will give impetus to experimental tourism in Guwahati, generating employment while
helping de- congest the main city areas and explore the new less known location.
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Master Plan

Active Spot
Add activities that will bring life to the area even after business hours ensuring safety of the
place.

Integrated Public Spaces

Create public spaces for public as well as the working or creative sect with zones of leisure
and recreational.
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Unique Identity
Converting the site into Museum and Exhibition district attracting the creative sect of society
to transform this place.

Enhance Public Experience

Create a street network and enhancing the existing in order to make the public space
experience better.

Economy Generation
Generating Economy from this land by providing a range of activities and programs-
Museum, Exhibition spaces, Planetarium and Eateries.
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LANDSCAPE
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A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate
with natural or man-made features. A landscape includes the physical elements of Geo-
physically defined landforms such as (ice-capped) mountains, hills, water bodies such as
rivers, lakes, ponds and the sea, living elements of land cover including indigenous
vegetation, human elements including different forms of land use, buildings, and structures,
and transitory elements such as lighting and weather conditions.

Bioremediation

The process of Bioremediation has been carried out where very small living organisms
called microbes, clean up contaminated soil, ground water and surface. Bioremediation
stimulates the growth of certain microbes that use contaminants as a source of food and
energy. phytoremediation of the soil is carried out which will make the site safe for public
use.
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Ornamental and flowering trees

Polyalthia longifolia Ficus benjamina Albizia julibrissin

Sesbania bispinosa Paradise tree Cassia fistula

Plumeria alba Bauhinia variegata Bauhinia purpurea

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Climbers and creepers

Beautiful and flowering climbers and creepers are used to grow over walls, trellis, pergolas,
pillars or large trees and change the whole look
e.g. bougainvillea, Garlic vine, Cypress vine, Passion flower, Bleeding heart, Butterfly pea,
Coral vine, Money plant, Golden shower, Creeping fig etc. Certain climbers can also be used
as the ground covers because of their spreading habits (for example Asparagus spp.).
Climbers are useful for shading the walls that are directly exposed to the sunlight. On sites
where a high degree of security makes fencing necessary, climbers and spreading plants like
Bougainvillea species are trained on the wall.

Creepers and climbers

Garlic creeper Ficus repens

Campsis radican (Trumpet vine) Money plant

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