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Chapter 5:
Computer Networks and Internet
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OBJECTIVES:
• What is computer network?
• Describe the benefits associated with the use of a
network
• Briefly describe Internet and the role of Internet
service providers
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• A computer network is a collection of computers and
devices connected together using various
communication devices and transmission media.
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Benefits of computer network
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Benefits of computer network
Share Hardware Share Software Share
Data/Information
Facilitate Transfer Funds
Communications
Slide 6
Benefits of Networks
Sharing of Peripheral Devices
Share Software
(hardware)
• Each computer on the network can • Users connected to a network can
access the hardware on the network, access software on the network. Users
instead of providing each user with the use the same software installed on the
same piece of hardware server in the networkPeople use the
• Peripheral devices such as laser printer, same software installed on the server in
disk drives, and scanner can be the network.
expensive. • It is less expensive to buy one word
• The best way to do this is to connect processing program that serves many
the peripheral to a network serving employees.
several computer users.
Slide 7
Benefits of Networks
Share Data & Information Facilitate Communication
• Users can access data & • A network allows the employees in
information stored on other an organization to communicate
computers on the network.. Any with each other more easily &
authorized employee can access efficiently.
the database using a computer or • E.g. email, everyone on a network
mobile device connected to the can easily keep others posted
network. about important information.
• E.g. Customer database can be
access by the sales manager &
accounting manager.
Slide 8
Benefits of Networks
Transfer Funds
• Electronic funds transfer (EFT) allows
users connected to a network to
exchange money from one account to
another via transmission media.
• Networks enable users to transfer
money from one bank account to
another.
• E.g. Online transfer of money & pay bills
Slide 9
Network Types
PAN (Personal Area LAN (Local Area
Network) Network)
MAN (Metropolitan WAN (Wide Area
Network) Network)
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Network Types
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5. 2 NETWORK TYPES
• Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Network that connects
computers and devices in an
individual’s workspace using
wired and wireless technology
• Devices include smartphones,
digital cameras, printers, and
more.
• Example:
With a PAN, you can connect a
laptop , digital camera and
portable printer without physical
cable.
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5. 2 NETWORK TYPES
• Local Area Networks (LAN)
• LAN is a network that connects
computers and devices in a limited
geographical area, such as a home,
school, office building.
• A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a LAN that
uses no physical wires.
• Computers and devices that access a
wireless LAN must have built-in
wireless capability or the appropriate
wireless network card, USB adapter,
or other wireless device.
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5. 2 Network Types
• Metropolitan Area Networks LAN
(MAN) LAN
• MAN is a is a high-speed network
that connects local area networks in
a metropolitan area, such as a city or
town, and handles the bulk of MAN
communications activity across that
region.
LAN
LAN
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5.2 Network Types
• Wide Area Networks (WAN)
• A network that covers a large
geographic area (such as a city,
country, or the world) using a
variety of wired and wireless
transmission media
• Internet is the world’s largest
computer network/ the world’s
largest WAN
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5.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS AND
INTERNET
Intranet
• It is an internal
network of
computers
belonging to the
same
organisation.
• Provide
authorised
employees
restricted access
to an
organisation’s
private data.
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5.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS AND INTERNET
•Extranets
– An Extranet is formed by connecting an organisation’s
Intranet directly with other partners’ Internets (eg.
suppliers, customers, partners).
– Enables organisations to have direct interaction with
suppliers, customers and partners for the purpose of
conducting e-business or e-commerce.
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5.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS AND INTERNET
•Internet
• A worldwide collection of computer networks that
connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals.
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5.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS AND INTERNET
• The World Wide Web (or the web, for short) is a
global library of information available to anyone
connected to the Internet.
• The web consists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents called a webpage.
• Webpage contain text, graphics, audio, video, and
hyperlink.
• A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection to
other documents, graphics, audio files, videos,
webpages, or websites.
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5.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS AND INTERNET
• A website is a collection of related webpages, which
are stored on a web server.
• A web server is a computer that delivers requested
webpages to your computer or mobile device.
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5.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS AND INTERNET
• A browser is software that enables users with an Internet
connection to access and view webpages on a computer or
mobile device. Example: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and
Google Chrome.
People around the world access the web to accomplish
the following types of online tasks:
Share
Communicate
Search for information,
Conduct research with and meet
information photos, and
other people
videos with others
Access news,
Participate in Shop for goods Play games with
weather, and
online training and services others
sports
Download or Download or read Make
Watch videos reservations
listen to music books
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Services of the Internet
Search Engines Email Instant Messaging Chat Room
Online Discussions Social Network Informational and Media Sharing
Research
News, Weather, Blogs Wikis and
Sports, and other Collaboration
Mass Media
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Services of the Internet
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5.4 Services of Internet
• Search Engines
• Search engine is
software that finds
websites,
webpages, images,
videos, news,
maps, and other
information related
to a specific topic.
• Example: Bing,
Google and
Yahoo.
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5.4 Services of Internet
• Email
• Email is the transmission of messages
and files via a computer network.
• Example: Gmail, Yahoo mail
• Instant Messaging
• occur in real-time, are communications
services that notify you when one or
more of your established contacts are
online and then allows you to exchange
messages or files or join a private chat
room with them
• Example: Facebook messenger
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5.4 Services of Internet
• Chat Room
• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer or mobile
device with many other
online users.
• A chat room is a website
or application that
permits users to chat
with others who are
online at the same time.
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5.4 Services of Internet
• Online Discussions
• An online discussion, or discussion forum, is an online
area in which users have written discussions about a
particular subject
• To participate in a discussion, a user posts a message,
called an article, and other users read and reply to the
message.
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5.4 Services of Internet
• Social Network
• Online social network,
or social networking site,
is a website that
encourages members in
its online community to
share their interests,
ideas, stories, photos,
music, and videos with
other registered users.
• Example: Facebook,
Twitter
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5.4 Services of Internet
• Informational and Research
• An informational and research website contains factual
information. Examples include libraries, encyclopaedias,
dictionaries, directories, guides, and other types of
reference.
• Users can find guides on numerous topics, such as health and
medicine, research paper documentation styles, and
grammar rules.
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5.4 Services of Internet
• Media Sharing
• Enables members to manage and share media such as
photos, videos, and music. These websites are sometimes
called photo sharing sites, video sharing sites, and music
sharing sites, respectively
• Example: YouTube is an example of video sharing site.
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5.4 Services of Internet
• News, Weather, Sports,
and other Mass Media
• News, weather, sports, and
other mass media websites
contain newsworthy material,
including stories and articles
relating to current events, life,
money, politics, weather, and
sports.
• Users often can customize
these websites so that they
can receive local news or news
about specific topics.
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5.5 Overview of E-Commerce
• E-Commerce is the ability to conduct business electronically
over the internet.
• E-Commerce consists of buying and selling goods and
services over an electronic systems such as the Internet and
other computer networks.
• Basically, there are four models which describes almost all
transactions with consumers to business or with business to
consumers. They are,
1. B2C (Business to Consumer)
2. B2B (Business to Business)
3. C2C (Consumer to Consumer)
4. C2G (Citizen to Government)
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B2C (Business to Consumer)
• The customer directly interacts with business organization
through a website.
• A website following the B2C business model sells its products
directly to a customer. A customer can view the products
shown on the website. The customer can choose a product and
order the same.
• The website will then send a notification to the business
organization via email and the organization will dispatch the
product/goods to the customer.
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B2B (Business to Business)
• One company doing business with another company.
• When the products or goods sold from one business to another
business.
• For example, suppliers with manufacturers, manufacturers
with distributors, and distributors with retailers.
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C2C (Consumer to Consumer)
• In C2C model, business transaction takes place between one
consumer to another consumer.
• Customer may opt to buy the product of the first customer by
viewing the post/advertisement on the website.
• A website following the C2C business model helps consumers
to sell their assets like residential property, cars, motorcycles,
etc., or rent a room by publishing their information on the
website. Website may or may not charge the consumer for its
services. E.g., [Link]
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C2G (Citizen to Government)
• C2G business model encompasses electronic transactions
online between the individuals and the public administration.
• The C2G model helps the consumers to post their queries and
request information regarding public sectors directly from their
local governments/authorities.
• C2G model provides an easy way to establish communication
between the consumers and the government.
• For example: when you taxes through the government website.
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End of Chapter
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