PYTHON AND DATA

FUNDAMENTALS
[AY 2024-25]

PRACTICAL FILE

Submitted by –
Divyansh
BMS 1 C
24070
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INDEX

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PROGRAM 1.1
print("Hello world")

PROGRAM 1.2
a = 50

b = 10

print("The sum of two numbers is", a+b)

print("The subtraction of two numbers is", a-b)

print("The multiplication of two numbers is", a*b)

print("The division of two numbers is", a/b)

PROGRAM 2.1
p = int(input("Enter the principle amount: "))

r = int(input("Enter the rate of interest:"))

t = int(input("Enter the time period:"))

def simpleinterest(p,r,t):

SI = p + (p*r*t)/100

return SI

def compoundedinterest(p,r,t):

CI = p*(1+r/100)**t

return CI

print("The simple interest caluculetes to be",simpleinterest(p,r,t))

print("The Comp[ound Interest calculates to be",compoundedinterest(p,r,t))

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PROGRAM 2.2
a = input("Enter the shape whose area you want to calculate (Circle/Square/Rectangle): ")

if a == "Circle":

r = int(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))

area_r= 3.14*r*r

print("The area of the circle is",area_r)

elif a == "Square":

s = int(input("Enter the side of the square: "))

area_s = s**2

print("The area of the square is",area_s)

elif a == "Rectangle":

s2 = int(input("Enter the length of the rectangle: "))

s3 = int(input("Enter the breadth of the rectangle: "))

area_r = s2*s3

print("The area of the rectangle is",area_r)

else:

print("Invalid Input")

PROGRAM 3.1
a = int(input("Enter the number: "))

for i in range (0,11):

print(a,"X",i,"=",a*i)

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PROGRAM 3.2
a = int(input("Enter the left value of the range: "))

b = int(input("Enter the right value of the range: "))

odd = 0

for i in range (a,b+1):

if i%2 != 0:

odd += 1

print("The number of odd numbers are",odd)

PROGRAM 3.3
a = int(input("Enter the left value of the range: "))

b = int(input("Enter the right value of the range: "))

even = 0

for i in range (a,b+1):

if i%2 == 0:

even += 1

print("The number of even numbers are",even)

PROGRAM 3.4
a = int(input("Enter the number: "))

b = int(input("Ente the power: "))

for i in range (0,b+1):

print(a,"^",i,"=",a**i)

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PROGRAM 4.1
a = int(input("Enter the number: "))

if a%5 == 0:

print("The number is divisble by 5")

else:

print("The number is not divisible by 5")

PROGRAM 4.2
a = int(input("Enter the year you want to check: "))

if (a%4 == 0 and a%100 != 0) or (a%400 == 0):

print("The year is a leap year")

else:

print("The year is not a leap year")

PROGRAM 4.3
a = int(input("Enter your score: "))

if a >= 90:

print("Your grade is A")

elif a >= 80:

print("Your grade is B")

elif a>=60:

print("Your grade is C")

elif a>=40:

print("Your garde is D")

else:

print("You failed the test")

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PROGRAM 5.1
a = int(input("Enter the weight of your baggage: "))

b = a - 20

if b<=0:

print("You are within the allowed limit")

elif b <=10:

print("You have to pay",b*1000,"rupees")

elif b <=20:

print("You have to pay",b*2000,"rupees")

elif b >20:

print("You have to pay",b*3000,"rupees")

PROGRAM 6.1
a = int(input("Enter the number: "))

i=0

while i<=10:

print(a,"X",i,"=",a*i)

i += 1

PROGRAM 6.2
a = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

i=0

sum = 0

while i<=a:

sum += i

i += 1

print("The sum of first",a,"natural numbers is",sum)

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PROGRAM 6.3
a = ''

b = "12345"

while a != b:

a = input("Enter the 5 digit password: ")

if a != b:

print("Wrong password")

else:

print("Correct Password")

PROGRAM 7.1

a= int(input("Enter a number: "))

multiple = 0

i=0

while i <=a:

if i%5 ==0:

multiple +=1

i+= 1

print("The number of multiples of 5 before" ,a,"is",multiple)

PROGRAM 8.1
def matrix_multiplication(A, B):

rows_A, cols_A = len(A), len(A[0])

rows_B, cols_B = len(B), len(B[0])

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 if cols_A != rows_B:

raise ValueError("Number of columns in A must be equal to number of rows in B.")

result = [[0 for _ in range(cols_B)] for _ in range(rows_A)]

for i in range(rows_A):

for j in range(cols_B):

for k in range(cols_A):

result[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j]

return result

A = [[1, 2, 3],

[4, 5, 6]]

B = [[7, 8],

[9, 10],

[11, 12]]

result = matrix_multiplication(A, B)

for row in result:

print(row)

PROGRAM 9.1

i=0

while i <6:

print("The square of",i,"is",i**2)

i+= 1

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PROGRAM 9.2

a = []

b = input("Enter the age of 5 people")

c = list(map(int,b.split()))

a.extend(c)

count = 0

for i in a:

if i< 18:

count += 1

print("The number of people below 18 are",count)

PROGRAM 9.3

a = []

b = input("Enter the numbers to be added: ")

c = list(map(int,b.split()))

a.extend(c)

count = 0

sum = 0

for i in a:

sum += i

i+= 1

print("The sum of numbers is ",sum)

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PROGRAM 10.1
lst_1 = [1,2,3,4,5]

lst_2 = [5,4,2,9,10]

a = set(lst_1)

b = set(lst_2)

lst_3 = list(a.symmetric_difference(b))

print("The required list is", lst_3)

PROGRAM 10.2
s = {1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10}

a = max(s)

b = min(s)

print("The maximum number is",a)

print("The minimum number is",b)

PROGRAM 10.3
l = [1,2,3,4,5,1,1]

a = list(set(l))

print("The unique numbers are",a)

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PROGRAM 10.4
s1 = {1,2,3,4}

s2 = {5,6,7,8}

print("The statement that the sets are disjoint is",s1.isdisjoint(s2))

PROGRAM 10.5
def power_set(input_set):

result = [[]]

for element in input_set:

result += [subset + [element] for subset in result]

return result

input_set = [1, 2, 3]

print(power_set(input_set))

PROGRAM 10.6
dic = {'a':1,'b':2,'d':3,'c':4}

sort1 = dict(sorted(dic.items()))

sort2 = dict(sorted(dic.items(),key=lambda x:x[1]))

print(sort1)

print(sort2)

PROGRAM 11.1
l = ["Aditya","Aman","Raj","Aditya","Aman","Vanya","Bihar"]

count = {}

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for i in l:

if i in count:

count[i] += 1

else:

count[i] = 1

print(count)

PROGRAM 11.2

d = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}

c = max(d.keys())

print(The key with the max vakue is",c)

PROGRAM 11.3

a = [1,2,3,4]

b = [5,6,7,8]

c = dict(zip(a,b))

print(c)

PROGRAM 11.4

def reverse_sentence(sentence):

words = sentence.split()

reversed_words = words[::-1]

return ' '.join(reversed_words)

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sentence = "Hello world this is Python"

print(reverse_sentence(sentence))

PROGRAM 11.5

def reverse_list(lst):

return lst[::-1]

print(reverse_list([1, 2, 3, 4]))

PROGRAM 11.6
def sort_list(lst):

return sorted(lst)

# Example usage

print(sort_list([4, 1, 3, 2]))

PROGRAM 12.1
def find_index(lst, target):

return lst.index(target) if target in lst else -1

print(find_index([10, 20, 30], 20))

PROGRAM 12.2

def to_uppercase(string):

return string.upper()

print(to_uppercase("hello"))

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PROGRAM 12.3
def remove_duplicates(lst):

return list(set(lst))

print(remove_duplicates([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]))

PROGRAM 12.4
def factorial(n):

if n == 0 or n == 1:

return 1

return n * factorial(n - 1)

print(factorial(5))

PROGRAM 12.5
def add_a_to_itself(a, b):

return a * b

print(add_a_to_itself(3, 4))

PROGRAM 12.6
def sum_args(*args):

return sum(args)

print(sum_args(1, 2, 3, 4))

PROGRAM 12.7
def full_name(first, last):

return f"{first} {last}"

print(full_name("John", "Doe"))

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PROGRAM 12.8
import math

def area_of_circle(radius):

return math.pi * radius ** 2

print(area_of_circle(5))

PROGRAM 13.1
class Interest:

def init (self, principal, rate, time):

self.principal = principal

self.rate = rate

self.time = time

def simple_interest(self):

return (self.principal * self.rate * self.time) / 100

def compound_interest(self):

return self.principal * ((1 + self.rate / 100) ** self.time) - self.principal

interest = Interest(1000, 5, 2)

print(interest.simple_interest())

print(interest.compound_interest())

PROGRAM 13.2
class Rectangle:

def init (self, length, width):

self.length = length

self.width = width

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 def area(self):

return self.length * self.width

rect = Rectangle(5, 4)

print(rect.area())

PROGRAM 14.1
def is_prime(num):

if num <= 1:

return False

for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):

if num % i == 0:

return False

return True

print(is_prime(7))

PROGRAM 14.2
def max_of_three(a, b, c):

return max(a, b, c)

print(max_of_three(5, 10, 3))

PROGRAM 15.1
def area_of_rectangle(length, width):

return length * width

import rectangle_module

print(rectangle_module.area_of_rectangle(5, 4))

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PROGRAM 15.2
from datetime import datetime

def record_transaction(amount, description):

date = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

return f"{date} - {description}: ${amount}"

print(record_transaction(100, "Deposit"))

PROGRAM 16.1
class AddNumbers:

def init (self, num1, num2):

self.num1 = num1

self.num2 = num2

def add(self):

return self.num1 + self.num2

adder = AddNumbers(5, 3)

print(adder.add())

PROGRAM 17.1

import numpy as np

def positive_elements(arr):

return arr[arr > 0]

array = np.array([-1, 2, -3, 4])

print(positive_elements(array))

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PROGRAM 18.1
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def bar_graph(x, y):

plt.bar(x, y)

plt.show()

bar_graph(['A', 'B', 'C'], [10, 20, 15])

PROGRAM 18.2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def line_graph(x, y):

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.show()

line_graph([1, 2, 3], [10, 15, 20])

PROGRAM 18.3
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def pie_chart(labels, sizes):

plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%')

plt.show()

pie_chart(['A', 'B', 'C'], [30, 50, 20])

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PROGRAM 18.4
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def histogram(data, bins):

plt.hist(data, bins=bins)

plt.show()

histogram([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5], bins=5)

PROGRAM 18.5
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def scatter_plot(x, y):

plt.scatter(x, y)

plt.show()

scatter_plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])

PROGRAM 19.1
import pandas as pd

def read_csv(file_path):

return pd.read_csv(file_path)

df = read_csv('file.csv')

print(df)

PROGRAM 19.2
def overwrite_file(file_path, content):

with open(file_path, 'w') as file:

file.write(content)

overwrite_file('example.txt', 'This is new content.')

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PROGRAM 19.3
def filter_lines(file_path):

with open(file_path, 'r') as file:

lines = file.readlines()

return [line for line in lines if line.startswith(('A', 'E'))]

filtered = filter_lines('example.txt')

print(filtered)

PROGRAM 20.1
import pandas as pd

def create_and_multiply(series_data):

series = pd.Series(series_data)

return series * 2

print(create_and_multiply([1, 2, 3]))

PROGRAM 20.2
import pandas as pd

def series_operations(series1, series2):

return series1 + series2, series1 - series2, series1 * series2, series1 / series2

s1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])

s2 = pd.Series([4, 5, 6])

print(series_operations(s1, s2))

PROGRAM 20.3
import pandas as pd

def create_dataframe(data, columns):

return pd.DataFrame(data, columns=columns)

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data = [[1, 'Alice'], [2, 'Bob']]

columns = ['ID', 'Name']

print(create_dataframe(data, columns))

PROGRAM 20.4
import pandas as pd

def read_dataframe(file_path):

return pd.read_csv(file_path)

df = read_dataframe('file.csv')

print(df)

PROGRAM 20.5
import pandas as pd

def combine_dataframes(df1, df2):

return pd.concat([df1, df2])

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2], 'B': [3, 4]})

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [5, 6], 'B': [7, 8]})

print(combine_dataframes(df1, df2))

PROGRAM 20.6
import pandas as pd

def merge_dataframes(df1, df2, key):

return pd.merge(df1, df2, on=key)

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 2], 'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob']})

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 3], 'Score': [85, 90]})

print(merge_dataframes(df1, df2, 'ID'))

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PROGRAM 20.7
import pandas as pd

def combine_common_rows(df1, df2):

return pd.merge(df1, df2, how='inner')

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 2], 'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob']})

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 3], 'Score': [85, 90]})

print(combine_common_rows(df1, df2))

PROGRAM 20.8
import pandas as pd

def outer_and_inner_merge(df1, df2):

outer = pd.merge(df1, df2, how='outer')

inner = pd.merge(df1, df2, how='inner')

return outer, inner

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 2], 'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob']})

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 3], 'Score': [85, 90]})

outer, inner = outer_and_inner_merge(df1, df2)

print("Outer Merge:\n", outer)

print("Inner Merge:\n", inner)

PROGRAM 20.9
import pandas as pd

def rename_columns_outer_join(df1, df2):

merged = pd.merge(df1, df2, how='outer')

merged.columns = ['Column1', 'Column2', 'Column3']

return merged

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 2], 'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob']})

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 3], 'Score': [85, 90]})

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print(rename_columns_outer_join(df1, df2))

PROGRAM 20.10
import pandas as pd

def right_and_left_join(df1, df2):

left = pd.merge(df1, df2, how='left')

right = pd.merge(df1, df2, how='right')

return left, right

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 2], 'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob']})

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 3], 'Score': [85, 90]})

left, right = right_and_left_join(df1, df2)

print("Left Join:\n", left)

print("Right Join:\n", right)

PROGRAM 21.1
import pandas as pd

def dataframe_operations():

data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'], 'Score': [85, 90, 95]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

max_score = df['Score'].max()

min_score = df['Score'].min()

mean_score = df['Score'].mean()

return max_score, min_score, mean_score

print(dataframe_operations())

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PROGRAM 22.1

def is_palindrome(string):

return string == string[::-1]

print(is_palindrome("madam"))

print(is_palindrome("hello"))

PROGRAM 22.2

def primes_in_range(start, end):

primes = []

for num in range(start, end + 1):

if num > 1:

for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):

if num % i == 0:

break

else:

primes.append(num)

return primes

print(primes_in_range(10, 20))

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