The idea of a research paradigm is crucial in defining the course and strategy of the research
activity. As a basis for direction, it can be said that a research paradigm refers to a system of
assumptions, ideas and methodologies that guide practice and practice perception within the field
of research among a particular community of researchers.
Different types of research paradigms are identified and out of these; positivism is very popular.
Positivism is described as theory that centers on actual occurrences and that ascertains
knowledge from experience. This paradigm has certain assumptions about ontology: the nature
of reality, epistemology: the nature of knowledge and Methodology: the method used to procure
knowledge. As Williams goes further in his explanation, he also avails himself a rather precise
definition of what paradigms offer in terms of perspective on the function and character of
research with the caveat that the paradigms are not without their complexities: variations and
over lapping within and between paradigms.
The other research paradigm is interpretivism or constructivism that also provide substantial
contribution in defining approaches. It may be important for medical education researchers to
have awareness regarding these paradigms to choose the right methodology to suit their research
questions and goals. Rahman also noted that while post positivism recognises the social context
in which knowledge is produced, call for use of more than one method to increase reliability as
well as validity of findings.
Even more important is the interaction of different paradigms in the cases of educational
research, of course. Johnson and Onwuegbuzie supports mixed methods research as paradigm
balance of qualitative and quantitative that enhance the research process and result.
Also, the issues related to the change of paradigms throughout a certain period are crucial.
Mestre commentates that paradigms are dynamic and change depending on new information and
the conditions surrounding them meaning that the new paradigms may be brought about. This
dynamic of paradigms means that researchers are to be conscious of their philosophical beliefs
and how these affect the paradigm they use in adopting specific research techniques.
