MD.
Abu Sayed
Texturization Lecturer, CTEC
Texturization:
Texturization is a thermochemical process by which different textured effect is produced. The
following effects are made.
Texturization process is mainly used for filaments.
Properties of textured yarns:
- To give synthetic yarns special properties such as stretch, bulk and the appearance of
natural fiber.
- Texturing is the formation of crimp, loops , coils or crinkles in filament. Such changes in
the physical form of fiber affect the behavior and handle of fabrics made from them.
- Drapeability and softness of fabric is improved.
- Texturing process were originally applied to man made fibers to reduce such
characteristics as transparency, slipperiness and possibility of pilling.
- Texturing process make yarns more opaque improve appearance and texture and
increase warmth and absorbency.
Types of textured yarn:
1) Stretched yarn- High extensibility, high bulk,
2) Modified stretched yarn- less extensibility and less bulk than stretched yarn.
3) Moderate stretched yarn: Moderate extension and bulk.
Basic principle of texturization:
Texturization process includes the following basic steps
1. Heat treatment- firstly heat the fiber for loosening the molecular structure by breaking
bond force.
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2. Mechanical treatment- Rearrangement of molecular chai in required shape.
3. Cooling: Cool the fiber to retain the shape required.
The Texturing process:
There are various methods that may be used to produce textured CF( continuous
filament) Yarns. Most are only applicable to thermoplastic Cf yarns as they involves
heating the filament while effecting the textured profile, then cooling to retain it in the
filaments. From the technical perspective most commonly reoffered to are
1. False twisting process
2. Knife edge
3. Stuffer box
4. Air jet
5. Knit De-knit process
6. Bi component process
7. Chemical process
[Link] twisting process:
In this method CF are twisted and heated simultaneously and then untwisted when cold.
Thereby loosely retaining the heat set helical shape of the twist. It is most popular texturization
process. In Bangladesh we use friction disk type false twist texturing process. Three methods
are used for false twist texturization [Link] / pin method 2. Friction nip twister method
[Link] Discs false twisting method.
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[Link] edge process:
Where filament yarn is heated and pulled across a knife at an acute angle. When the yarn is
cooled and released it retains a spring or curled ribbon appearance i.e the profile is heat set.
[Link] box method:
Here the filament pass through a heated box, but are fed it faster than their removal rate i.e. an
overfeed. This forces them to adopt a random wavy crimped pattern while heated, subsequent
cooling sets their textured form.
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4. Air jet Texturization:
Special features of air jet texturization:
1. Loop bulk yarns are made from any types of continuous filament fibers.
2. Neither chemical nor thermal treatment is involved.
3. Different textured effect is possible depending on the size of loops, closeness of
loops , yarn size, no of filaments.
4. Core and effect yarn can be made by twisting loop bulk yarn around spun yarn.
5. Fabric having high cover factor.
6. Fabric are dried quickly.
7. Air space caused by loops provide for moisture absorption and insulation which
makes the fabric comfortable to wear.
Basic principle of texturization:
1. Yarn feeding: feeding filament yarn in bundle form.
2. Yarn opening by lateral filament displacement.
3. Lop formation by filament bending.
4. Loop fixing by filament interlacing.
Types of Air jet texturization:
1. Single end air jet texturization( One package)
2. Co-end air jet texturization( Two package)
3. Core and effect texturization(one filament package+ one spun yarn package)n
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Mechanism of air jet texturization:
- Opening and loop formation is done by air jet nozzle.
- When material passes through the air jet nozzle , the filamed make loops it is done by
compressed air and over feeding.
- Heat is not applied for fixing the loops.
[Link] De-knit:
Here filament yarns are knitted into a narrow dimetere tube and heat set ( i.e. heated and
then cooled) . the yarns are then de-knitted , giving them a wavy configuration.
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[Link]-component process:
With this method textured is obtained by twisting together filament of high and low potential
shrinkage. Subjecting the resulting yarn to washing or steaming result in differential shrinkage
of the filament to form the bulked profile.
[Link] process:
It can be also produced chemically by coagulation of filament in order to create a fiber having
an asymmetrical cross section that is with one side thick skinned and almost smooth and other
side thin skinned almost serrated. When wet , such fiber swell to a greater extent on the thin
skinned side than on the thick skinned side, causing the tendency to curl.
End uses of textured yarn:
1. Warp knitted fabric
2. Blankets
3. Carpets
4. Swim suits
5. Socks
6. Ladies wear
7. Curtains
8. Sportswear
9. Lace
