2015 8th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design

Design and Implementation of Radar Signal Processing System Based on Design

Patterns

Yingjie He1,Huabing Wang1,2,Lei Wang1,2

1. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu, China
2. The State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System,
Luoyang, China
Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract—Design patterns are a set of solutions in software II. RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM
development process, and have been successfully applied to the
modern software development process, greatly improved the A. The function of the radar signal processing system
performance of the software systems, such as reusability, Radar signal processing system is the core of the radar
reliability, flexibility and scalability. The paper analysis the
system, it is mainly responsible for filtering out the
radar signal processing system and combines it with the design
patterns, and divide the system into processing component, unnecessary signal in target echo, including interference signal,
interaction component and communication component, and noise signal and clutter signal. Detecting the target and
choose three kinds of patterns builder pattern, state pattern and extracting the target information, such as the angle, velocity,
single pattern to design and implement the radar signal and the distance of the target from target echo, these will be
processing system. By combination with the design patterns, it used for the data processing system.
could improve the scalability, universality and reusability of the
system and the designed signal processing system can be used in B. The general flow of the radar signal processing
variety of radars.
The general flow of the radar signal processing is showed in
Keywords: Design patterns; Radar signal processing system; figure 1.
Component; Reusability Signal source

I. INTRODUCTION
With the spread of application fields and the
Input Signal
enhancement of function of radar, new system radar puts (echo,
forward higher requirements on the signal processing system. interference,
clutter)
On account of the larger scale of data and calculation, even if
the chip technology could keep high-speed development,
single chip still cannot satisfy the needs of radar signal
processing[1]. Generally, traditional design of radar signal
Signal processing
A/D
processing system mainly aims at specific radar, such as
Doppler Radar[2][3][4], and it ignores the reusability of the
signal processing system between different kinds of radar, so
Signal
it can’t be widely used. And there are some researches like Liu processing(PC,
has done something about the universal framework of the MTI, MTD,
CFAR)
radar signal processing system[5], but it didn’t consider much
collaborations with other radar subsystem and it also can not
Output
realize reusability. In order to fulfill the requirement on high- signal(angel,
performance and universality of radar signal processing distance,
velocity)
system, it is necessary to design one high-performance
universal radar signal processing system. Comparing with the
traditional special radar signal processing system, this high- Data processing
performance universal radar signal processing system has the system
characteristics of scalability, restructure, reusability and
universality. The thesis aims at discussing using the method of Figure 1. The general flow of the radar signal processing
design patterns to design and implement this kind of high- The signal source is used to generate the signal, it’s mainly
performance and universal radar signal processing system. comes from the signal receiver, and the input signals include
the target echo, interference and clutter signal; A/D module is
responsible for converting the analog signal to digital signal;
the signal processing module is responsible for processing the
input signal, it contains lots of algorithms, like Pulse

978-1-4673-9587-8/15 $31.00 © 2015 IEEE 85

DOI 10.1109/ISCID.2015.104
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 Comprehension, MTI, MTD, CFAR; the output signal module combination of the various algorithms and realization of
is mainly output the processing result, the target distance, related functions also an important problem. The paper
angel, velocity are included, and then the output signal will be chooses the design pattern to package various algorithm class,
accepted by data processing system. using interface statement and abstract class to define the class
of algorithms, through the construct function to combine
C. General framework component of radar signal processing
different kinds of algorithm according to different radar type.
system
2) Combination the component with design pattern
By analysis the figure 1, we can divide the radar signal The paper divides the radar signal processing into three
processing system into the following components, which are component, they are processing, interaction, communication
processing component, interaction component and communi-
component. Each component's function and composition is
cation component.
different, and the relationship between each component is also
Processing component is the core of radar signal
processing system, it contains the various processing different. In order to design and implement the function of the
algorithms in the radar signal processing, including analog-to- component, the appropriate design pattern should be used to
digital conversion and other algorithms. It is a composite realize the reusability and scalability. It’s necessary to analyze
component, of which each algorithm is packaged into a single the components, determine their structure, composition and
class to realize the system needs under the different cooperation parts, and compare it with the specific design
environments. Interaction component for signal processing pattern and find the common parts then choose the specific
system is mainly used to input target echo, miscellaneous design pattern to design and implement the components.
wave signal and interference signals and other signals from the
receiver, at the same time as the interactive body between IV. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT OF UNIVERSAL RADAR SIGNAL
signal processing system and data processing system and PROCESSING SYSTEM BASED ON DESIGN PATTERN
terminal display modules. Communication component is used
A. Processing component
for communications between the processing algorithms of
processing component, make sure that the algorithms can 1) Design of processing component
execute orderly. Processing component as the core part of radar signal
processing system, contains the various algorithms and logic
III. DESIGN PATTERN relation in radar signal processing, it encapsulates the
corresponding algorithm and output the processing result of
A. Definition and Composition the specific application, and provide the operational process of
Design pattern is a set of patterns to be used repeatedly, problem solving. In radar signal processing system, there are
for the majority of the people known, and after a summary of too many models for the processing component, and the
the classification it could be the design experience of code. different processing algorithms should be classified, the
Using design patterns is to reuse code and make the code more corresponding access algorithm is needed to establish the
easily understood by others, and the same time to ensure the corresponding model. So it’s necessary to establish a suitable
reliability of the code. data structure for processing component, and it should satisfy
In general, a pattern has four essential elements[6][7], the efficiency and access reliability while processing, and the
which are the pattern name, the problem, the solution and the scalability of the model is also needed.
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signal processing, so the appropriate size of algorithm design Figure 2. The builder pattern of processing component
is necessary. In this paper, through the classification of
different algorithms, we divide the signal processing algorithm 2) Implement of processing component
into the analog to digital conversion, pulse compression, The paper chooses the builder pattern to implement the
moving target indication, moving target detection, modulo, processing component. Builder pattern separate the
CFAR, and other special treatment algorithm, and construction of a complex object from its representation so
encapsulation makes it a separate class for each algorithm. For that the same construction process can create different
radar’s different applications, signal processing process needs representations. The Builder pattern of processing component
to invoke different kinds of algorithms, how to solve the free class figure is showed in Figure 2.

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 ¾ AlBuil
It’s an abstract parent class, it’s abbreviation of Algori- Radar signal processing system is not a single system, it
thmBuilder in which declares three virtual functions can not be separated from the radar system and existence
setInputData(), setConfigurationData(), getProcessing-Result(). independently. And it needs to interactive with the radar data
¾ Director processing system, terminal display system and the radar
The director of the builder pattern, its also the controller receiver, it inputs the data from the receiver and outputs the
of the processing component, by interacting with client and processing result to the data processing system and display in
getting the requirement, and make sure the order of the the terminal display system. Interaction component is used to
algorithms will be invoked. In this paper, the radar can be interactive between different modules in the radar system, and
divided into the following categories: single pulse radar, pulse research of the mutual communication and cooperation
Doppler radar, continuous wave radar, pulse compression information between different subsystems in the running time,
radar and other radar, using the enumeration method so it can be designed with behavior pattern. The design of
enumeration of these radars and each of the radar is interaction component requires the real-time performance of
represented by a number. By analysis and summary these five the interaction, and the reliability and the accuracy of the
kinds of radars, the general signal processing can be interaction processing are also should be considered.
concluded, then package the algorithms which will be used 2) Implement of interaction component
orderly in the function of construct(). While the client need The paper adopts the State pattern designing the
handle the specific radar it just needs to input the interaction component. State pattern allows an object to alter
corresponding number of the radar by the function of set(), its behavior when its internal state changes, and each state
and it will show the procedure of the signal processing and get owns a corresponding behavior. The object will appear to
the corresponding result by the function of change its class. The structure of the State pattern is shown in
getProcessingResult(), and then return the result so that the Figure 3.
client can use the processing result. The results including the
target distance, velocity and angel. ,QWHUDFWLYH
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the system by statement and calling classes, while the system Figure 3. The State pattern of interaction component
requirements are different, the algorithms in the bottom of the
signal processing algorithm is the same, through the use of the ¾ Interactive
builder pattern can realize free combination of the algorithms Interactive class, which is used to interact with the client
achieve different system requirements, construct a processing and has different behavior in different state. Through analysis
component with the property of universal and extensible. the radar signal processing, the radar signal processing
3. Main code for Processing Component procedure can be divided into the InitialState, it’s the state get
void construct() the input data from the receiver, this state is mainly used for
//show the order of the algorithm should be used, outputs interacting with the radar receiver; ProcessingState is the state
the processing result that the system processing the input signal, this state is mainly
{switch(radarType){case i:construct i();break;}} used for interacting with the terminal display and other
class AlBuil interaction output; FinishState is the state that the signal
//abstract algorithm class, define virtual functions. processing finished, which is mainly used to interact with the
{public:virtual void getInputData(); data processing system, and outputs the data to the data
virtual void setConfigurationData(); processing system. The system state is determined by the
virtual void getProcessingResult();}; method of enumeration, the behavior of different states is
class subAlgorithmBuilder different. The client can enter the state by function setState(),
//concrete Algorithms, realizes the functions defined in and then decides which state system is according to the input
abstract Algorithm, including MTI, CFAR etc. number by the function getState(), finally it invokes the
{class CFARAlBuil:public AlBuil{……};……}; corresponding state’s behavior function handle () to complete
B. Interaction component it.
¾ State
1) Design of interaction component Abstract state class, which defines a interface and
packages the behaviors associated with a particular interaction
state class, and it declares various corresponding states method,

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 in the subclass is the implementation of the specific methods. function getInstance(), so that client can use the only example
The implementation of the method in the subclasse may be of the pattern, to comply the algorithm in an orderly way, the
different due to the different behaviors of the objects in pattern will only transit to the next algorithm while the
different states. instance is not empty, after determining the instance is not
¾ InitialState, ProcessingState, FinishState empty the system will automatically invoke the function
Concrete state class is the subclass of the abstract state, getNextAlgorithm(), getProcessingResult() and getIn-
each subclass realized a corresponding state’s behavior which putData(), while the output function getProcessingResult() and
is declared in the interaction class, that a specific state of the the input getInputData() is the same. Only in this way will the
system corresponding to a specific environment state. The processing component promote to the next numerical
paper divided the system state into three types, which are algorithm. In order to prevent the instance to be instantiated in
InitialState, ProcessingState and FinishState, the function the external, the constructor function is designed as private;
CheckState() is for checking the state of the system while the The pattern has defined a static object Communication-
function handle() is used to realize the corresponding state’s DataMes, as an external shared unique instance. Singleton
action. The differences between the three kinds of states is that pattern provides a unique instance of communication between
the InitialState gets the inputs information by the function different algorithms, saving the system resources, and is
getInputInformation(), the ProcessingState outputs the conducive for the processing components to invoke the
requirement results by the function getRequirement- algorithms orderly.
Information(), while the FinishState outputs the processing 3) Mani code for Communication Component
results to data processing system via the function class CommunicationDataMes
getFinishing-Information(). //singleton instance for communication component
3) Main code for Interaction Component {public:
void setState() static CommunicationDataMes *getInstance(){};
//according to the enumeration state input the number private:CommunicationDataMes(){};
{enum state{};cin>>state;} static CommunicationDataMes *instance;};
void getState()
//according to the input decides the state and invokes the V. CONCLUSION
corresponding state to interact with corresponding object. The paper is the first time to combine the design patterns
{switch(state){case i:handle i();break;} with the radar signal processing system. Through the
C. Communication component systematic analysis and research of radar signal processing
1) Design of communication component system, the paper proposed processing, interaction and
While the processing component handle the signal, from communication component to realize the universal framework
one algorithm to another algorithm of communication between of the system, then selected suitable patterns for the
the algorithms is achieved by the communication component. components, designs and implements the components by code.
By defining the interface to implement the communication The radar signal processing system designed by the design
between the algorithm classes, the communication component pattern can improve the system's reusability and expansibility,
can be executed by the algorithm of the next level. It should be and can be widely used in different radar systems.
considered in the design of the communication component is ACKNOWLEDGMENT
the real-time and reliability of transferring the information.
2) Implement of communication component This work is supported by the open Fund Project for the
Using the singleton pattern to achieve the communication CEMEE State key Laboratory (CEMEE2015K0303B).
component, it ensures that communication component only
owns one instance, and automatically instantiated and REFERENCES
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