One-dimensional lattice dispersion equation
Review
- the atoms in the lattice have mass m connected by a massless spring.
- When the lattice is vibrated, each atom in the lattice will be displaced from its equilibrium
point.
- The forces acting on the atoms come mostly from neighboring atoms
- A: Distance between atoms
- n: nth atom
- n+1: nth atom +1 etc.
- Un: Shift of nth atom
- Un+1: n+1th atom shift
- β: Spring Constant
Consider the nth atom:
The force acting on the nth atom is due to
- Interaction with the (n+1) atom i.e. β(Un+1-Un)
- Interaction with the (n-1) atom i.e. β(Un-1-Un)
The difference between (Un+1-Un) and (Un-1-Un) is the relative displacement.
Assumption:
The force acting is proportional to the relative displacement (harmonic approximation)
F=βu
So
Using Newton's law, the equation becomes
The trial solution of the above equation is
With
Na the x-coordinate of the nth atom in its balanced state
K=2π/λ wave vector or propagation vector
Ω wave angular frequency
Substituting the force equations from Hooke's Law and Newton's Law, we get get:
Suppose:
, then:
Sehingga, persamaannya menjadi:
Because
, So:
So when substituted with the previous equation, it becomes:
BAB III
Conclusion
Phonons in physics are quantized vibrational modes in a rigid crystal lattice, such as crystal
lattices in solids. Crystals can be formed from solutions, vapors, melts or a combination of
the three. Phonons are collective excitations of atomic vibrations in a crystal lattice. They
affect the thermal properties and conductivity of the crystal. Elastic waves describe how
atomic vibrations propagate through a crystal lattice. Phase velocity is the speed of atomic
vibrations, while group velocity is the speed of vibrational energy propagating through the
lattice.
Suggestion
As a suggestion for future research, it is important to validate the simulation findings with
further laboratory experiments to improve the understanding of one-dimensional crystal
systems. In addition, expansion to higher dimensions such as two- or three-dimensional
crystal systems is also an important step to gain deeper insights. The findings in this study
can also be applied in the development of mechanically optimized materials and in various
other technological applications. Thus, through continuous research and applications, we
can deepen our understanding of the dynamics of one-dimensional crystal systems and
utilize them for further scientific and technological advancement.
