Lecture 8
Chapter 3: Strategies
Assoc Professor: Dr. Sheren Taie
Dr. Ahmed Yakoub
Dr. Heba Hamdy
[Link] Mohey
Lec 8
Content
✔ Problem Solving Steps
✔ Techniques for Generating Solutions
✔ Individual Techniques
✔ Group Techniques
✔ Advantages of Using a Group
✔ Limitations of Using a Group
✔ Alternative solutions
WHY DO WE NEED PROBLEM
SOLVING?
• To be in control of what happens and to
avoid bad decisions.
Problem-Solving Steps
1. Recognize that there is a problem
2. Identify the problem
3. Generate alternative solutions
4. Evaluate the alternative solutions
5. Choose among the alternative solutions
6. Implement the chosen solution
7. Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
Problem-Solving Steps: 1-
Recognize that there is a problem
Recognize that there is a problem
1-Recognize that there is a problem Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
solutions
Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
Something is wrong
[Link] for Recognizing
Problems
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ Comparison against others Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
◻ Monitor for weak signals Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
solutions
◻ Comparison of current performance Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
with objectives or past performance
◻ Listing complaints
[Link] the Problem: Ask Who?
Who – what – when – where – why - How Recognize that there is a problem
Identify the problem
◻ Who says that this is a problem? Generate alternative solutions
Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
◻ Who caused or is causing the problem? solutions
Implement the chosen solution
◻ Whom does it or will it affect? Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
◻ Who has done something about the
problem(tried to solve it)?
Identify the Problem: Ask What? Cont.
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ What happened or will happen? Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
◻ What are the symptoms? Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
◻ What are the consequences to others? solutions
Implement the chosen solution
◻ What circumstances surround the Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
occurrence of the problem?
◻ What is not functioning as desired?
Who – what – when – where – why - How
Identify the Problem: Ask When? Cont.
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ When did it or will it happen? Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
◻ When did it first occur? Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
solutions
Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
Who – what – when – where – why - How
Identify the Problem: Ask Where?Cont.
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ Where is the problem occurring? Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
◻ Where did it or will it have an impact?
Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
solutions
Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
Who – what – when – where – why - How
Identify the Problem: Ask Why?Cont.
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ Why is this a problem? Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
◻ Why did it or will it occur? Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
◻ Why was nothing done to prevent the solutions
Implement the chosen solution
problem from occurring? Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
◻ Why is a response needed now?
Who – what – when – where – why - How
Identify the Problem: Ask How?Cont.
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ How should the process be Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
working? Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
solutions
◻ How are others dealing with this or Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
similar problems?
Who – what – when – where – why - How
Techniques for Identifying the Problem
◻ Creating Why-Why
Diagram
◻ a Tree Diagram
where each child
statement is
determined simply
by asking 'why' the
parent occurs
Problem Statement
◻ Problem Statement is the end result Recognize that there is a problem
Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
of problem identification. Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
solutions
◻ Brief, clear, to-the-point identificationImplement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
of the specific problem to be
addressed, including the key
rationale for why it should be solved.
Questions
15
◻ What are the Problem-Solving Steps
◻ What are the techniques for Recognizing
Problems
◻ What questions to ask yourself to identify the
Problem
◻ What are the Final Questions for the Problem
Identification
◻ What are the Techniques for Identifying
the Problem
2020/09/01
3-Problem Solving: THINK OF SOLUTIONS
Recognize that there is a problem
THINK OF SOLUTIONS Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
solutions
Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
[Link] Alternative
solutions
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ Generate ideas. Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
◻ Do not eliminate any possible Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
solutions until several have been solutions
Implement the chosen solution
discussed. Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
Questions To Encourage
18
Ideas
1. What if…? 6. What can we do better…?
2. How can we improve…? 7. What do you think about…?
8. What should we add?
3. How will the Optimist Member
9. What should we eliminate?
and/or the community benefit?
10. What other ideas do you
4. Are we forgetting anything?
have...?
5. What’s the next step?
Lecture 9
Lec 9
Techniques to Generate ideas
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ Individual Techniques for Generating Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
Solutions (Mindmapping) Evaluate the alternative solutions
Choose among the alternative
◻ Group Techniques for Generating solutions
Implement the chosen solution
Solutions (BrainStorming) Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
Individual Techniques for Generating
Solutions
1. Mind mapping
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
other items linked to and arranged radially around a Evaluate the alternative solutions
central key word or idea Choose among the alternative
solutions
Implement the chosen solution
◻ Definition : A visual picture of a group of ideas,
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
concepts or issues.
◻ Purpose :
◻ Unblock our thinking.
◻ See an entire idea or several ideas on one sheet of
paper.
◻ See how ideas relate to one another.
Why Mind Map?
◻ Organize thoughts when brainstorming
◻ Effective method of taking notes
◻ Harnesses the full range of skills – word,
image, number, logic, rhythm, color and spatial
awareness
◻ Aid creativity, memory, and specifically the
recall of information
Mind Maps Use:
Colo
Line
r
s
Image
Symbo s
ls
WORDS
Mind Mapping :7 Steps
1. Start in the center of a blank page turned
sideways.
◻ Give your brain freedom to spread out in all
directions
Mind Mapping :7 Steps
2. Use an image or picture for your main idea.
◻ An image helps your imagination. It is more
interesting and keeps your focused helping you
to concentrate.
Mind Mapping :7 Steps
3. Use colors throughout.
◻ Colors are as exciting to your Brain as are
images. Color will add energy to your creative
thinking.
Mind Mapping :7 Steps
4. Connect your main branches to the central
image etc.
◻ Your brain works by association. It likes to link
two (or three, or four) things together.
Mind Mapping :7 Steps
5. Make your branches curved instead of straight
lined.
◻ Having nothing but straight lines is boring to your
brain.
Mind Mapping :7 Steps
6. Use one key word per line
◻ Single words give your Mind Map more power and
flexibility.
Tree
Nest
Bird
Mind Mapping :7 Steps
7. Use images throughout
◻ Each image, like the central image, is worth a
thousand words!
Group Techniques for Generating
Solutions
◻ Brainstorming
◻ Is a group creativity technique designed to
generate a large number of ideas for the solution
to a problem
[Link] the Alternative solutions.
◻ When you have come up with at least a Recognize that there is a problem
dozen wild and crazy ideas – now is the
Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
Evaluate the alternative solutions
time to constructively evaluate each one: Choose among the alternative
solutions
◻ This is the time to suggest both the strengths Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
and the weaknesses of each idea.
◻ What are the risks?
◻ Are costs in keeping with the benefits?
◻ Will the solution create new problems?
◻ Which will provide the optimum solution?
[Link] Among Alternative
Solutions
◻ How practical is the idea? Recognize that there is a problem
Identify the problem
◻ Is it realistic? Generate alternative solutions
Evaluate the alternative solutions
◻ How cost-effective is it? Choose among the alternative
solutions
◻ Can it be easily implemented by a limited numberImplement the chosen solution
of individuals, or does it require that large Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
numbers of other people be convinced that it is a
good idea? Will they be easy to convince?
◻ Is the idea consistent with the directions already
undertaken by the organization?
[Link] the Chosen Solution
◻ What resources are needed? Recognize that there is a problem
Identify the problem
◻ Who else within the organization needs to Generate alternative solutions
Evaluate the alternative solutions
approve the solution to the problem, and what Choose among the alternative
solutions
will it take to win their approval? Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
◻ What are the steps in implementation?
◻ When will the various phases of
implementation take place?
◻ How will the results be reported and verified?
7. Choose a Follow Up Date to
Evaluate
Recognize that there is a problem
◻ Test the solution against the desired results. Identify the problem
Generate alternative solutions
◻ This is very important! To make sure the chosen solution has
Evaluate the alternative solutions
solved the conflict to everyone’s satisfaction, set a date to Choose among the alternative
solutions
evaluate how the solution is working. Implement the chosen solution
Choose a Follow Up Date to Evaluate
◻ Let’s say the solution isn’t working, now is not the time to
blame. Now is the time to go back and modify your solution
or return to Step #5 and choose another solution to try.
◻ Now that you have selected another solution be sure to set
another new follow up date to evaluate your progress.
Questions
◻ How to evaluate the Alternative solutions.
◻ How to Choose Among Alternative Solutions
◻ How to implement the Chosen Solution
