BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS
COURSE CODE: ENV-3106
COURSE NAME: LABORATORY ON GIS
LAB REPORT ON
RASTER DATA ANALYSIS AND FLOW DIRECTION MEASURMENT.
SUBMITTED TO
Associate Professor Md. Ashraful Islam, PhD
Department of Soil, Water & Environment
University of Dhaka (DU)
&
Lecturer Md. Golam Muktadir
Department of Environmental Science
Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)
SUBMITTED BY
Mohaiminul Islam Monim
ID: 2253201067
Batch: BES 22 (A)
8TH JANUARY 2025
TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT: RASTER DATA ANALYSIS AND
FLOW DIRECTION MEASURMENT.
CLASSIFY
1. To classify a DEM Projected image or model, add the image or the model in the
layers.
2. Then select properties and from “Symbology”, “Classified” was chosen, and a “color
ramp” was selected.
3. This helps to observe the elevations of the DEM Projected model.
Here, high elevated or the highest peal place is marked in red color and other features are
marked in green color.
PROFILE
In ArcGIS, we can create a profile graph from a digital elevation model (DEM) to visualize
elevation changes along one or more lines. This can help to assess the topography of an area,
which can be useful when planning to build roads, railways, or dams.
Methodology:
1. At first, the 3D Analyst tool from the toolbars was opened.
2. From the customize, the 3D Analyst from the extension option was turned on.
3. Then interpolate line option from the 3D Analyst tool bar was selected.
4. Then, a line on the DEM to measure elevation was drawn.
5. From the 3D Analyst tool bar, selected profile graph option to see the graph
CONTOUR LINE
Contour lines are created from a digital elevation model (DEM) to visualize the terrain's
shape and elevation.
Methodology:
1. From the arc toolbox, opened the spatial analyst tools and then chose contour from the
surface dropdown.
2. Selected the DEM model for input raster and selected output location for further
progress. The dialogue box is given below –
3. The result was –
SLOPE
The Slope tool identifies the steepness at each cell of a raster surface. The lower the slope
value, the flatter the terrain; the higher the slope value, the steeper the terrain.
Methodology:
1. Selected slope tool from the surface dropdown under the Spatial Analyst Tools.
2. “DEM_Projected.tiff” was selected as the input raster. The dialogue box was filled as
below-
3. Final output-
ASPECT
The Aspect tool identifies the direction the downhill slope faces. The values of each cell in
the output raster indicate the compass direction the surface faces at that location. It is
measured clockwise in degrees from 0 (due north) to 360 (again due north), coming full
circle.
Methodology:
1. Selected the aspect tool from surface dropdown under Spatial Analyst Tools.
2. Filled the dialogue box as shown below-
3. The result showcases the direction of the slopes of the DEM model. Under the layer,
the properties are given as per the colors of the output raster.
4. The output raster-
5. HILLSHADE
The Hillshade function produces a grayscale 3D representation of the terrain surface, with the
sun's relative position considered for shading the image. Hill shading is a technique for
visualizing terrain determined by a light source and the slope and aspect of the elevation
surface.
Methodology:
1. Chose hillshade tool from surface dropdown under spatial analyst tools.
2. Chose DEM as input raster and kept other options as same in the dialogue box. The
dialogue box is given below-
The result-
FILL
The Fill tool uses several tools, including Focal Flow, Flow Direction, Sink, Watershed, and
Zonal Fill, to locate and fill sinks. It iterates until all sinks within the specified z limit are
filled.
Methodology:
1. Chose the fill toolbox from hydrology dropdown under spatial analyst tools.
2. Selected “DEM_Projected.tiff” as input raster in Fill dialogue box.
3. The result is given below-
FLOW DIRECTION
The Flow Direction tool in ArcGIS is used to determine the direction of flow from each cell
in a raster, which is important for deriving hydrologic characteristics of a surface. The tool
takes a surface as input and outputs a raster that shows the direction of flow from each cell.
Methodology:
1. Chose flow direction tool from the hydrology dropdown under Spatial Analyst Tools.
2. Selected “DEM_Projected.tiff” as input raster in Fill dialogue box.
3. The result shown after the process-
FLOW ACCUMULATION
In ArcGIS, the Flow Accumulation tool is used to calculate the accumulated weight of cells
flowing into each downslope cell in a raster.
Methodology:
1. Opened Flow Accumulation Tool from the hydrology dropdown under Spatial Analyst
Tools.
2. Selected “flow_direction.tiff” as input raster in Fill dialogue box.
3. The result is given below –
RASTER TO POLYLINE
To show casing the waterbodies of the projected area, polyline is required. For polyline we
have to reclassify the flow accumulation raster.
Method of Reclassify
1. Opened Reclassify from the reclass dropdown under the Spatial Analyst Tools.
2. Then selected the Flow Accumulation raster as the input in the dialogue box
3. From the classify option, changed the break values.
4. Then changed the new values and pressed ok.
5. The result has two color. The color of 0 changed to Null.
6. The result –
Method of Raster to Polyline Conversion
1. Selected Raster to Polyline from the conversion tools.
2. The reclassified raster was set as the input.
3. The result shown below-
Interpretation: The result shown above shows the water bodies of the DEM model.
