Data Visualisation

Unit-01
Introduction to Data Visualisation

Semester-03

Master of Computer Application 1

 UNIT

Introduction to Data Visualisation

Names of Sub-Units

Data Visualisation, Importance and Benefits of Data Visualisation, Types of Analysis for Data
Visualisation: Univariate Analysis, Bivariate Analysis and Multivariate Analysis, Exploratory Data
Analysis

Overview

This unit begins by discussing the concept of data visualisation. Next, the unit explains the importance
and benefits of data visualisation. Further, the unit describes the types of analysis for data visualisation.
Towards the end, the unit highlights the concept of exploratory data analysis.

Learning Objectives

In this unit, you will learn to:

 Explain the concept of data visualisation
 Describe the importance of data visualisation
 Enlist the benefits of data visualisation
 Define the different types of analysis used for data visualisation
 Analyse the concept and significance of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

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 Learning Outcomes

At the end of this unit, you would:

 Assess the knowledge about the concept of data visualisation
 Evaluate the importance of data visualisation
 Analyse the benefits of data visualisation
 Examine the significance of different types of analysis used for data visualisation
 Outline the concept of EDA

Pre-Unit Preparatory Material

 https://www.tableau.com/learn/articles/data-Visualisation

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Data visualisation is the study of representing data or information in a visual form. With the advancement
of digital technologies, the scope of multimedia has increased manifold. Visuals in the form of graphs,
images, diagrams, or animations have completely proliferated the media industry and Internet. It is
a fact that the human mind can comprehend information more easily if it is presented in the form of
visuals. Instructional designers focus on abstract and model-based scientific visualisations to make the
learning content more interesting and easier to understand. News channels often integrate and present
visuals related to accidents, natural disasters, weather reports and survey results to incite a realistic
image in the viewers’ minds. Nowadays, scientific data is also presented through digitally constructed
images. These images are generally created with the help of a computer software.

1.2 DATA VISUALISATION

Data visualisation is the practice of representing the outcomes of data analyses in form of pictures,
graphs, tables, etc. Depending upon the complexity of data and the aspects from which it is analysed,
visuals can vary in terms of their dimensions (one-/two-/multi-dimensional) or types. All these visuals
are used for presenting different types of datasets. Different types of tools are available in the market for
visualising data. Many of these tools are also available on the open-source platform, which means that
they can be accessed and used free of cost.
Data visual image is one amongst the steps of the info science method that states that when knowledge
has been collected, processed and shapely, it should be pictured for conclusions to be created. Knowledge
visual image is additionally part of the broader knowledge presentation design (DPA) discipline that aims
to spot, locate, manipulate, format and deliver knowledge within the most effective approach doable. Data
visual image is vital for pretty much each career. It will be utilised by academics to show student check
results, by pc scientists exploring advancements in computer science or by executives wanting to share
info with stakeholders. It also plays a crucial part in the collection of enormous amounts of data. During
the early years of the big data trend, organisations collected massive collections of knowledge base and
they needed the simplest approach to receive a quick and simple summary of their understanding.
Some importance of data visualisation are as follows:

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 Assisting decision-makers in comprehending how business data is evaluated to make strategic,
financial and managerial decisions
 Getting the target audience to concentrate on business insights to identify areas that need to be
addressed
 Using a visual representation of enormous amounts of data to provide such a summary of previously
unknown patterns in the data, exposing ideas and the story behind the data to achieve a business
objective
 By understanding the meaning of your data, you may visualise company data to manage growth and
transform patterns into business plans
 Revealing previously ignored crucial information about the data sources to assist decision-makers in
the creation of data analysis reports

1.3 BENEFITS OF DATA VISUALISATION

When it comes to corporate objectives and goals, data visualisation may help decision makers improve
data insights in a variety of ways. Following are some benefits of the data visualisation:
 Better analysis: Data visual image helps business stakeholders analyse reports concerning sales,
promoting ways & products interest. Supported the analysis, they will concentrate on the areas that
need attention to extend profits, that successively makes the business a lot of productive.
 Quick action: As mentioned antecedental, the human brain grasps visuals a lot of simply than
table reports. Knowledge visualisations enable call manufacturers to be notified quickly of recent
knowledge insights and take necessary actions for business growth.
 Identifying patterns: Large amounts of sophisticated knowledge will offer several opportunities for
insights after we visualize them. visual image permits business users to acknowledge relationships
between the information, providing larger intending to it. Exploring these patterns helps users
concentrate on specific areas that need attention within the knowledge, so they will determine the
importance of these areas to drive their business forward.
 Finding errors: Visualising your knowledge helps quickly determine any errors within the knowledge.
If the information tends to recommend the incorrect actions, visualisations facilitate determining
inaccurate knowledge sooner so it is far from the analysis.
 Understanding the story: Storytelling is the purpose of your dashboard. By planning your visuals
in an exceedingly substantive means, you facilitate the target market to grasp the story in an
exceedingly single look. Perpetually take care to convey the story within the easiest method, while
not excessively sophisticated visuals. Exploring business insights in the current competitive business
setting, finding knowledge correlations victimisation visual representations is essential to distinctive
business insights.
 Exploring these insights: Business users or executives need to line the correct path to achieving the
business’ goals.
 Grasping the newest trends: Using knowledge visual image, you will discover the newest trends in
your business to produce quality products and determine issues before they arise. Staying in prime
of trends, you will place a lot of effort into increased profits for your business.

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 1.4 TYPES OF ANALYSIS FOR DATA VISUALISATION
In general, there are three types of data visualisation analysis, which are as follows:
 Univariate analysis
 Bivariate analysis
 Multivariate analysis

1.4.1 Univariate Analysis

In univariate analysis, only one variable deals with the information. Univariate data analysis is the
simplest type of analysis. It is not concerned with causes or links, and the primary goal of the analysis is
to describe the data and identify patterns. Height is an example of univariate analysis.
Univariate analysis is the simplest style of analysing knowledge. Uni means one, thus in different words
the information has only one variable. Univariate knowledge needs to research every variable singly.
Knowledge is gathered for the aim of respondent an issue, or additional specifically, a groundwork
question. Univariate knowledge does not answer analysis questions about relationships between
variables, however, rather it’s wont to describe one characteristic or attribute that varies from
observation to observation. Typically, there are two functional areas that an investigator will seek for.
The primary one is to answer a groundwork question with descriptive study & also the other is to induce
data concerning however attribute varies with the individual result of a variable in multivariate analysis.
There are some ways to explain patterns found in univariate knowledge which embody graphical ways,
measures of central tendency & measures of variability.

1.4.2 Bivariate Analysis

In bivariate analysis, two variables are used for analysis. This sort of data analysis is concerned with
causes and relationships, and the goal is to determine the link between the two variables. This analysis
investigates the relationship between two variables, and also the strength of that relationship, to
determine whether there are any disparities between both variables and, if so, what the sources of those
disparities are. Temperature and Hot Coffee sales in the winter season is example of bivariate data.

1.4.3 Multivariate Analysis

In multivariate analysis, three or more variables are used for analysis. It is similar to a bivariate,
however, there are more variables. The methods for analysing this data are determined by the objectives
to be met. It allows for the evaluation of the independent effects of several exposures on a specific result
while adjusting for various factors.
Let’s consider the example of multivariate analysis. Multiple factors influence the weather, including
pollution, rainfall and moisture, to mention a few.
When using a multivariate technique, two elements must be considered:
1. The multidimensional character of the data matrix
2. The aim of testing it, as well as retaining its complicated structure.

1.5 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS

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Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a method of analysing data through the use of visual techniques. It
assists data analysts in determining how to effectively modify sources of data to obtain the information
they require, enabling it easier for them to find trends and patterns, test hypotheses and verify
assumptions.
EDA is mainly used to examine what data can disclose outside of traditional modelling or hypothesis
testing tasks and to obtain a good knowledge of data set variables and their interactions. It could also
assess whether the statistical methods you’re contemplating for data processing are suitable. EDA
techniques were first established in the 1970s by American Mathematician John Tukey. This technique is
still commonly employed in the data discovery process nowadays.
EDA helps data scientists in a variety of ways:
 Increasing your knowledge of data
 Detecting a variety of data patterns
 Improved comprehension of the problem statement
Following is the list of tools and techniques used in EDA:
 Box plot
 Histogram
 Multi-vari chart
 Run chart
 Pareto chart
 Scatter plot
 Stem-and-leaf plot
 Parallel coordinates
 Odds ratio
 Targeted projection pursuit
 Principal component analysis (PCA)
 Multilinear PCA
 Nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR)
 Iconography of correlations
 Median polish
 Trimean
 Ordination

Conclusion 1.6 CONCLUSION

 Data visualisation is the study of representing data or information in a visual form.

 Data visualisation is a practice of representing the outcomes of data analyses in form of pictures,
graphs, tables, etc.

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 Data visual image is one amongst the steps of the info science method that states that when
knowledge has been collected, processed and shapely, it should be pictured for conclusions to be
created.
 In univariate analysis, only one variable deals with the information
 In bivariate analysis, two variables are used for analysis.
 In multivariate analysis, three or more variables are used for analysis.
 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a method of analysing data through the use of visual techniques.

1.7 GLOSSARY

 Data visualisation: the study of representing data or information in a visual form

 Data: raw facts and information that are generally gathered in a systematic approach for some
kind of analysis
 Data analysis: process of analysing, filtering, manipulating and predicting data with the objective
of identifying usable information, generating decisions and assisting decision-making
 Statistics: It involves collecting, organising, analysing, interpreting and presenting data
 Knowledge: A theoretical or practical understanding of a subject

1.8 SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

A. Essay Type Questions

1. Outline the concept of Data Visualisation.
2. Explain benefits of data visualisation.
3. Define Univariate Analysis.
4. Write definition & significance of Exploratory Data Analysis.
5. Describe Multivariate Analysis.

1.9 ANSWERS AND HINTS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

A. Hints for Essay Type Questions

1. Data visualisation is a practice of representing the outcomes of data analyses in form of pictures,
graphs, tables, etc. Depending upon the complexity of data and the aspects from which it is analysed,
visuals can vary in terms of their dimensions (one-/two-/multi-dimensional) or types.
Refers to Section Data Visualisation
2. Following are some benefits of data visualisation:
 Better analysis: Data visual image helps business stakeholders analyse reports concerning sales,
promoting ways & products interest. Supported the analysis, they will concentrate on the areas
that need attention to extend profits, that successively makes the business a lot of productive.

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 Refers to Section Benefits of Data Visualisation
3. In univariate analysis, only one variable deals with the information. Univariate data analysis is
the simplest type of analysis. It is not concerned with causes or links, and the primary goal of the
analysis is to describe the data and identify patterns.
Refers to Section Types of Analysis for Data Visualisation
4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a method of analysing data through the use of visual techniques.
It assists data analysts in determining how to effectively modify sources of data to obtain the
information they require, enabling it easier for them to find trends and patterns, test hypotheses and
verify assumptions.
Refers to Section Exploratory Data Analysis
5. In multivariate analysis, three or more variables are used for analysis. It is similar to a bivariate,
however, there are more variables. The methods for analysing this data are determined by the
objectives to be met.
Refers to Section Types of Analysis for Data Visualisation

@ 1.10 POST-UNIT READING MATERIAL

 https://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/definition/data-Visualisation
 https://hotcubator.com.au/research/what-is-univariate-bivariate-and-multivariate-analysis/

1.11 TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION FORUMS

 Discuss with your classmates about the data visualisation as well as the use of different data
visualisation tools in real world.

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