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DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY
EFFICIENT COOKING SYSTEMS
FOR RURAL MASSES
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BEST: International Journal of Management, Information
Technology and Engineering (BEST: IJMITE)
ISSN (P): 2348-0513, ISSN (E): 2454-471X,
Vol. 4, Issue 2, Feb 2016, 37-48
© BEST Journals

DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENT COOKING SYSTEMS FOR RURAL MASSES

ARVINDKUMAR DRAVE1 & K. P. MISHRA2

1
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
2
Dean Faculty of Science & Technology, India

ABSTRACT

In this experimental research study three different designed improved cooking stoves, Priyagni, Harsha and
proposed modification of Modified multifuel cook stove developed on the basis of application of Dr Winiarski design
principles and tested in fuel laboratory and compared in terms of efficiency and emission. The main focus was on the new
modified stove design, which is so far a prototype. This stove, which can be locally produced with local materials, consists
of an insulated combustion chamber with the comparative energetic analysis based on the experimental observation using
different biomass(cow dung, babul wood and mango wood) available at the time of experiment, The merits and demerits of
each cook stove model have evaluated experimentally and it is found that each model has expected the efficiency and other
parameters of the modified multi-fuel cook stove is in the range of 30-35 % better than from the Priyagni and Harsha cook
stove models and the thermal efficiency has been increased by the convective heat transfer co- efficient by forcing the flue
gases to flew through the enclosure skirt between pot bottom and pot surrounding and heat transfer increased through
preheating the secondary air. The India National Programme on Improved Chulas (NPIC) was only concerned about
government design specification and did not respond to need for rural people. There is no option but to look for efficient
improved cook stoves on the basis of application of Dr Larry Winiarski design principles during design and development
of cook stoves. This paper presents the design principles to develop energy efficient cook stove model for rural masses and
to improve the stove efficiency up to 40%.

The application of design principles of Dr. Larry Winiarki, the efficiency test results indicates that the modified
cook stove performed better in combustion of wood and heat output. The rate of fuel saving from the modified cook stove
was quite significant in comparison with the Priyagni and Harsha Stove of NPIC on average saved 30% of fuel wood per
day. This was with the improvement in the combustion efficiency and the expenditure can be reduced by about 34 %.This
is possible because of the application of design principles. This researchpaper brings out the minimization of thermal
energy losses to get cooking efficiency of cook stoves up to 30-35% andflame temperature measurement under various
combustion conditions. Reduction of heat losses by allowing the gases remain in contact with cooking vessel for more time
in the insulated chamber of the combustion chamber.

KEY WORDS: Combustion Chamber, Efficiency, Flue Gases, Heat Transfer, Modified Cook Stove

INTRODUCTION

The cooking stoves being used by the rural communities, they waste enormous amount of biomass, time and
efforts in collecting avoidable additional biomass. It also renders too much release of smoke which has health hazard like
eye sore, breathing/asthmatic trouble etc. However, several researchers have tried and developed a large number of energy
efficient cook stoves for which energy efficiency was claimed to be between 22-25%, remained up to the laboratory only.

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38 Arvindkumar Drave & K. P. Mishra

However, in these various developmental efforts, the level of achievement of some of the objectives still leaves a lot of
room for improvement. This research is an attempt to address such a need and endeavours to provide a challenge to stove
experts to improve on the technological developments, to develop energy efficient cook stoves which should be user
friendly for the large scale adoption of the rural masses. Although the stove design offered several promises of efficient
and smoke free cooking programme posed several problems leading to rejection of the stoves in house hold,stove-builders
do not have an in-depth understanding of the design, the stove users were never informed about the stove design were not
developed to cater to cooking practices of various regions/communities and the way in which it should be operated.

The design principles of Dr Winiaraki were incorporated while designing the modified cook stoves to improve the
efficiency and compared with some identified model in respect of their efficiency, reduction of heat losses by allowing the
flue gases to remain in contact with cooking vessel/pot in the insulated combustion chamber.

Considering the above points, the objectives of study:

• Reduction of heat losses by allowing the flue gases to remain in contact with cooking vessel/pot in the insulated
combustion chamber.

• Air fuel ratio to get the optimum thermal energy release.

• Combustion analysis, measurement of polluting gases.

• Design and development of energy efficient cook stoves.

The following steps for achievement of thermal energy losses to get cooking efficiency of cook stoves up to 30-
35%,biomass fuel composition is obtained from selected standard Institutions, fuel composition of fuels like wood and
animal dung, flame temperature measurement under various combustion [Link] study contributes to the existing
literature in the following three importance aspects. It provides comparative insight in to possible range of effective
performance of three different type of improved cook stoves used in the study,describes the relevance of the energy of each
of the stoves and important factors that influenced fuel and type of cook stove.

National Programme on Improved Cook stoves (NPIC)

The NPIC follows a multi model and multi-agency approach on dissemination levels and adoption of improved
cook stoves (chulas) and improved phases in stove performance. The criteria that were used to evaluate the success of
improved cook stove programme in different phases for research and development in fuel saving, improved air quality,
annual growth rate in dissemination and degree of dissemination to low income populations and increase in improved cook
stove and net improvements in stove performance. The NPIC was discontinued in 2002 and the major shortcoming that has
been cited is its top-down approach. The central government subsidy went directly to stove producers, yet it is apparent
that many producers did not consider consumer preferences when designing and marketing stoves.

Biomass Fuel

Biomass fuel or biofuel is defined as any plant or animal based material deliberately burned by humans. Biomass
consists of three major elements: carbon, oxygen and hydrogen with the approximate proportion of about 50%C, 6% H and
44% O on a moisture and ash free basis. The heat of combustion of biomass based fuels is dependent on the percentage of

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Development of Energy Efficient Cooking Systems for Rural Masses 39

the three main constituents. Lignin has the highest (26.63MJ/kg), while holocellulose has a value of 17.46% MJ/Kg.
Therefore, wood with a greater percentage of lignin has higher heat of combustion.

Fuel Consumption and Efficiency

The amount of fuel consumed during cooking is the simple measurement that can be carried out. Fuel
consumption is measured by weight rather than by volume since it is difficult to measure accurately the volume of a non-
uniform fuel such as wood. Fuel wood consumption can be converted into units of energy consumption of multiplying by
the calorific value of the fuel the calorific value of solid fuel is measured using a bomb calorimeter.

TECHNOLOGY AND MODELS OF BIOMASS COOK STOVES

Biomass cook stove is defined as a stove for cooking especially a wood or biomass burning kitchen stove.
Traditional cook stoves refer to either open fire or cook stoves constructed by the household. Improved cook stoves means
the cook stove usually with a fire box or chimney but without standards. Improved /modified cook stove is designed to
consume less fuel and save cooking time, offers convenience in cooking process and create smokeless environment in the
kitchen or reduction in the volume of smoke produced during cooking against the traditional stove. Such stoves offers
advantages like reduction in health problems due to low smoke, forest conservation, reduction of cooking indoor air
pollution and all this leads to healthy environment. The cook stoves are of different types, natural draft side/top continuous
feed, forced draft side/top continuous feed and forced draft self-power [Link] power output rating of cook stove is a
measure of total useful energy produced during one hour by fuel (biomass). Power output rating in KW above 1.0 and up to 3 three is
considered.

Combustion Process and Factors Influences the Cook Stove Efficiency

During the combustion process a number of chemical reactions take place. These reactions do not simply involve the
addition of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen, in the fuel, to produce heat. There is a combination of a number of primary, as well
as secondary reactions in which the products of the primary reactions also take part. Performance of a combustion system on the
whole, depends on the physico-chemical and thermo chemical properties of the fuel. The incomplete combustion is resulting in
the emission of pollutants, the chemical composition, and energy density biomass and process factors. There are number of
factors affecting the cook stove efficiency, which must be taken in to consideration so as to maximize efficiency and
minimize [Link] design of improved cook stoves involves the application of heat transfer, combustion and fluid flow
principles in order to attain complete combustion of the fuel with a minimum amount of excess air, maximum transfer of heat from
the flame and the flue gases to the cooking vessel, and a minimum loss of heat to the surroundings. This can be accomplished by
optimizing and/or incorporating various subsystems in the stove. These subsystems are: firebox/combustion chamber and stove
walls, grate, air/fuel inlet, flue/chimney, baffles, dampers and connecting [Link] combustion process in a cook stove is
greatly influenced by important factors which influence combustion are: (a) Physical and chemical properties of the fuel
(b) Fuel/air ratio(c)Temperature of the flame/envelope(d)Mode of fuel supply(e) Primary and secondary air supplies.

Design Principles of Dr. Larry Winiarski

Dr. Larry winiarski’s design principles out of 10 principles only 6 principles i.e. 1, 3,5,8,9 & 10 has been used to
create successful multi fuel cook stove approach.

Principle 1: Insulate around fire using lightweight, heat resistant materials ash/mud.

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40 Arvindkumar Drave & K. P. Mishra

Principle 2: Place an insulated short chimney right above the fire to burn.

Principle 3: Heat and burn the tips pieces of the sticks as they enter the fire to make flame.

Principle 4: High and low heat is created by how many sticks are pushed in to the fire.

Principle 5: Maintain a good fast draft under fire through primary and secondary air inlet.

Principle 6: Too little draft being pulled in to the fire will result in smoke & excess charcoal.

Principle 7: Keep in restricted airflow by maintaining constant cross sectional area

Principle 8: Use a grate under the fire.

Principle 9: Insulate the heat flow path, from the fire to around the pot

Principle10: Maximize heat transfer to the pot with properly sized gaps.

Design Analysis and Calculation

The following parameters are selected for design: Height of the combustion chamber = internal radius of
combustion chamber r1= internal radius of insulation, external steel casing height of pot seat chamber and external
temperature of combustion chamber to measured internal temperature of the combustion chamber , the thermal
conductivity of fibre glass k1 =0.037w/mk: thermal conductivity of mild steel= 39m/mk. The combustion analysis based
on the ultimate analysis by mass gives, A/F=4.6107 kg air/kg fuel, for an actual air supply which is 20% in excess of
stochmetry actual air/fuel ratio A/Factual=5.5328 kg air/kg fuel

The enhanced performance is attributed to a number of factors the first is the insulation provided round the
combustion chamber this minimises the rate of heat loss across the wall of combustion chamber for conduction and
radiation and ensures that a good proportion of heat is conserved within the chamber and directed towards the top of the
chamber. The second factor is the design of pot seat and the position of the flue gas enclosure.

Modified Multi Fuel Cook Stove

Dr Larry winiarski method of maintaining a constant cross sectional area under the pot need to calculate the
correct gap under the pot from the centre of the combustion chamber out to edge of the pot calculate the needed gap at the
edge of the square combustion chamber (20 cm X 20 cm) and at the edge of the pot.

(Determine of the area of the combustion chamber

For square combustion chamber the area is calculated as

Ac = l.w , Where l is the length and w is the width/breath is 20 cm (1)

Ac = 20x20= 400 cm2,

(ii) Determine the circumference associated with the distance. (2)

Cc = 2 π. rc, where,rc combustion chamber outlet to the edge = 14.14 cm

Cc = 2 π x14.14 =88.89 cm

(iii) Determine the needed gap between bottom of the pot and the edge of the combustion.

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Development of Energy Efficient Cooking Systems for Rural Masses 41

Gc = A /Cc ,Where,Gc is the needed gap, Gc = 400/88.89 = 4.5cm (3)

(iv) Determine the optimal gap at the edge of the pot.

Diameter of pot is 30 cm, Cp = 2.π.rp, Cp = 2.π x15= 94.28 cm (4)

(v) Determine needed gap at the edge of the pot.

Gp = A / Cp, Gp = 400/94.28= 4.24 cm (5)

Modified Multi Fuel Cook Stove

The Modified multi fuel cook stove is a portable metallic, single pot stove without chimney. This prototype stove
has a design that is based on combustion chamber, enclosure (skirt) which uses Dr Larry Winiarski’s design principle. This
design is using the advantage of the insulation properties of the material combination ash/clay, which has a very low
thermal conductivity (about 0.12 W/mK), waste flue gas with the help of enclosure. The design creates a draft in the stove,
which supports the fire with the necessary air for a complete combustion. The above principles are based on following
advantages (a) Insulated combustion chamber, with low mass, heat resistant material in order to keep the fire as hot as
possible and not to heat the higher mass of the stove body (b) Within the stove body, above the combustion chamber, use
an insulated, upright chimney of a height that is about two or three times the diameter before extracting heat to any surface
(griddle, pots, etc.). (c) The cross sectional area (perpendicular to the flow) of the combustion chamber should be sized
within the range of power level of the stove. (d)Throughout the stove, where hot gases flow, insulate from the higher mass
of the stove body, only exposing pots, etc. to direct heat.(e)Transfer the heat efficiently by making the gaps as narrow as
possible between the insulationcovering the stove body and surfaces to be heated.

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42 Arvindkumar Drave & K. P. Mishra

METHODS

The methodology used in the experimental study, seeks improvement on the existing designs by making the
following design considerations: enhancing the combustion process by providing for means of introducing sufficient air for
combustion, further reducing the amount of heat loss from the combustion chamber by insulating with ash or mud,
reducing the amount of heat loss by radiation by a careful design of the pot seat, and reducing the level of pollution of the
kitchen environment.

Water Boiling Test (WBT)

Water boiling test is a relatively short, simple simulation of common cooking procedures. It measures the fuel
consumed for a certain class of tasks. It is used for a quick comparison of the performance of different stoves. Simmering
involves the heating of boiling water at a constant temperature for about thirty minutes. The procedure for the test is the
same as that for the boiling test. At the end of the test, measurements are taken and recorded accordingly. Thermal
efficiency of a cook stove is defined as the ratio of heat actually utilized to the heat theoretically produced by complete
combustion of a given quantity of fuel wood, which is based on the calorific value of a particular fuel wood. To carry out
thermal efficiency of a cook stove few measurements were carried out and determination of burning capacity rate, if the
fuel burning rate per hour is determined in order to choose the capacity of cooking pot and the amount t of water to be
taken at a time as per BIS standard.

Emission Measurement

The flue gas composition analyses were done with a multi flue gas analyzer. It can measure different values like,
CO, CO2, CO-O2, O2, SOx and NOx, at the same time. The first values were taken when the fire in the stove was well
burning at the upper rim of the stoves between the pot and the stove skirt. Other values were taken after boiling of the
water and at the end of the test. The results can be converted in volume percent or parts per million with the conversion
factor 0.01 volume %=100 ppm. These results, which were taken from a stove operated in optimal conditions.

Calculation of Thermal Efficiency of Different Cook Stoves with Different Type of Fuels
Determination of Burning Capacity Rate of Cook Stove
The fuel quantity of 0.5 kg, 0.75 kg and 1 kg cow dung is used.

• Fuel Consumed (FC) = M1 – M2

• Burning capacity rating (F) = (M1 – M2) / (T/60) kg/hr.

• Heat input per hour = Burning capacity x CV kJ/hr. Where,

M1= initial mass of fuel taken

M2 = final mass of fuel consumed and

CV = calorific value of the fuel in kJ/kg

Determination of Thermal Efficiency of Cook Stove

w = mass of water in vessel, in kg,

W = mass of vessel with lid, in kg

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Development of Energy Efficient Cooking Syst
ystems for Rural Masses 43

M3 = mass of kerosene used for ignition,

CVk= calorific value of kerosen

sene, in kJ/kg

t1 = initial temperature, in degr

gree C

t2 = final temperature, in degree

ree C

=4.186 kJ/kg/oC),
Cw = specific heat of water (=4

Hi = heat input into the stove,

e, in
i kJ

Cv = specific heat of vessel maade of aluminum (= 0.896 kJ/kg/oC)

Hin = heat input into the stove,

e, in kJ,

Hout= heat output of the stove

n = efficiency in %,

Hout = (W x Cv + w x Cw) x (t2 – t1)

Hin = (FC x CV) + (M3 x CVk),

n = 100 x (Hout/ Hin)

Power Output Rating

Po = Power output, in kW,

F = rate of fuel consumption,, in kg/hr

CV = calorific value of fuel, in kJ/kg

n = thermal efficiency

Po = (F x CV x n) / 360000

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The performance evaluation an

and experimental study of three different cook stove
ve models such as Priyagni and
Harsha and Modified multi fuel cook sto
stoves, have been carried out for water boiling test follo
ollowing BIS standard. All these
cook stove models were evaluated forr w
water boiling test and emission test with specific quanti
ntity of water in the Aluminium
container using the same type of fuell wood
w prepared as per the BIS standard. Fig. 4.1 Photo
otographic view of various cook
stove models during experimental study
dy.

Priyagni Cook Stove

ve Harsha Cook Stove Modified Multifuel Cook
C Stove

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[Link]
44 Arvindkumar Drave & K. P. Mishra

The following tables shows the tested stoves efficiency comparison between the Priyagni, Harsha and Modified
multifuel with different fuel (cow dung, babul and mango wood) types. The tests were done in two phases, the boiling
phase and the simmering phase. Table 1 compare the typical temperature profile for three stoves.

Table 1: Comparison of Test Performance of Cook Stove Fuels (Cow Dung/Babul Wood/Mango Wood)
S. No. Parameters Priyagni Cook Stove Harsha Cook Stove Modified Multi Fuel
1 Fuel consumed Cow Babul Mango Cow Babul Mango Cow Babul Mango
0.5 kg 0.43 0.370 0.37 0.427 0.329 0.39 0.365 0.325 0.41
0.75 kg 0.431 0.368 0.37 0.408 0.36 0.386 0.393 0.32 0.4
1 kg 0.428 0.365 0.369 0.4 0.326 3.384 0.382 0.316 0.39
2 Burning Capacity kg/hr.
0.5 kg 1.312 1.142 1.233 1,281 1.169 1.57 1.196 2.01 2.13
0.75kg 1.281 1.143 1.238 1.224 1.2 1.61 1.347 2.03 2.148
1 kg 1.318 1.151 1.342 1.33 1.176 1.68 1.432 2.09 2.156
3 Heat Input KJ
0.5 kg 7238.3 6201.2 6216.0 7033.3 6172.2 6384.6 6649.3 5821.8 5711.3
0.75 kg 7231.4 6209.6 6222.4 6739.0 6598.7 6314.4 6506.6 5814.8 5702.1
1 kg 7235.9 6129.6 6161.9 6615.0 6160.8 6254.3 6336.2 5803.4 5694.3
4 Heat output kj
0.5 kg 1479.1 1461.9 1440.8 1484.4 1479.1 1490.8 1440.8 1692.6 1708.9
0.75 kg 1492.7 1461.8 1448.1 1484.7 1484.4 1498.0 1484.4 1698.9 1710.3
1 kg 1484.7 1472.1 1462.2 1484.7 1485.5 1501.3 1484.4 1701.2 1722.1
5 Thermal Efficiency %
0.5 kg 20.43 23.56 23.17 21.1 23.96 23.34 22.34 29.07 29.92
0.75 kg 20.51 23.57 23.27 22.02 22.49 23.72 22.84 29.2 29.99
1kg 20.57 24.01 23.73 22.44 24.11 23.89 23.42 29.31 30.24
6 Power Output KW
0.5 kg 1.122 1.12 1.163 1.163 1.172 1.534 1.15 2.446 2.668
0.75 kg 1.136 1.127 1.206 1.174 1.187 1.599 1.32 2.481 2.697
1kg 1.141 1.157 1.33 1.178 1,208 1.65 1.44 2.569 2.729
7 CO/CO2
0.5 kg 0.269 0.269 0.269 0.269 0.264 0.269 0.264 0.269 0.269
0.75 kg 0.257 0.261 0.269 0.261 0.269 0.269 0.269 0.269 0.269
1 kg 0.284 0.269 0.269 0.269 0.308 0.3 0.308 0.269 0.267

From the below tables the energy efficiencies were evaluated and plotted against the heating time, Energy
efficiency increases with time, Energy efficiency increases ,slightly decreases as the heating/boiling time increases.
Maximum energy gain is observed, the performance of Priyagni model is found to be lowest whereas the performance of
Harsha model is found to be the better, and modified multi fuel cook stove is found to be much better than other types of
cook stoves models followed by the Harsha model cook stove.

The following tables show the similarities and comparison between the Priyagni, Harsha and Modified multifuel
with stove parameters. Table .2 similarities and comparison of cook stoves.

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Development of Energy Efficient Cooking Systems for Rural Masses 45

Table 2: Similarities and Comparison of Cook Stoves

S. no Stove Parameters Priyagni Cook Stove Harshacook Stove Modified Multifuel
1 Construction material Metal Metal Metal &Nonmetal
Cow dung, wood,
3 Type of fuel Wood, cow dung Wood, cow dung
Agriresedue
4 Combustion efficiency Incomplete Incomplete complete
Application of Design
5 No No Yes
principles
6 Thermal Efficiency 22-24% 24-26% 30-35%
7 CO/CO2 Level 0,280 0,269 0.251
Cost of cooking &cook More fuel& time More fuel& time Less fuel& less time
8
time consumed consumed consumed
9 Cost of cook stove Rs 350 Rs 450 Rs 550
Outer body temperature Outer body temperature Safe outer body
10 Safety at work
300-350C 350-400C temperature 10-20C
11 Expected service life 4-5 years 4-5 years 7-8 years
Cleanliness of kitchen Less Smoke & soot
12 Smoke & soot generation Smoke & soot generation
place generation
Heat loss to the Heat loss to the Heat loss to the No heat loss to the
13
environment environment environment environment
14 Portability Portable Portable Portable

Effect of Five Experimental Variables

Five experimental variables were compared using a analysis of variance. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
used to detect the effect of fuel consumed, burning rate, heat input per hour, heat input of stove, heat output of stove,
thermal efficiency and power output. Analysis of data is observed highly significant of the parameters are heat input per
hour and similarly parameter Heat input of stove. However other remaining parameters having no significant role in the all
experiment due to less variability among the activities

Five experimental variables were compared using a analysis of variance. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
used to detect the effect of fuel consumed, burning rate, heat input per hour, heat input of stove, heat output of stove,
thermal efficiency and power output. Analysis of data is observed highly significant of the parameters are heat input per
hour and similarly parameter Heat input of stove. However other remaining parameters having no significant role in the all
experiment due to less variability among the activities.

Stove performance is dependent of quantity of water used and the wood type. The other factors, stove type, the
use of lids, size of wood had significant effect on emission at 95% the test. It is there for important in designing modified
multi fuel cook stove emission testing method that these parameters are specified precisely.

The findings of the efficiency test results which are summarised above indicate that the modified multifuel cook
stove performed better in combustion of wood and heat output to the pot. It is clear from the test results above that the
effective heat transfer from the wood to the pot are the combustion process which releases heat and the second is transfer
of heat to the pot. This combustion efficiency also has the added benefit of reducing emissions. On the other hand, the
modified multi fuel cook stove achieved more complete combustion of the fire burnt hot and clean. The insulation around
the fire box shielded the flame from the contact with cool outside air and the square shape of the combustion chamber
allowed enough oxygen to participate in the reaction. It describes the relevance of the efficiency of each of the stove It
highlights the important factors that influenced fuel and the type of wood stoves which are vital when planning any energy

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46 Arvindkumar Drave & K. P. Mishra

technology. Further importance of this study is that it has shown that modified multi fuel cook stove that standard
comparisons of fuel saving efficiency can be made across all improved cook stoves. The average comparison for total
energy efficiencies among all three cook stove model is shown in table for a typical set of operating parameters mentioned
above. It is seen from the table that performance of all cook stoves model, the modified multifuel model cook stove is
found to be much better than other type of cook stove model followed by Harsha model cook stove, the energetic
performance of the Priyagni cook stove is found to be lowest.

Economic Quantification of Fuel Wood Saving Benefits of Modified Multifuel Wood Stoves

The Economic profitability of using modified cook stove is done in the study; the qualification of economic
benefit has specially been calculated using the following economic ratios. The length of the payback period in the
determined by the following three parameters:The price of the stove, fuel wood saving through the use of modified wood
stove and Price of fuel wood. The payback period for using the cook stoves used in the study, the calculations in the table
are according to the following formula: PPN= C/St, Whereas PPN = payback period for a new investment C= purchase
cost of the improved modified cook stove, St= saving in expenditure for fuel wood during [Link] of 2 Kg of wood per
day @ cost of Rs 11 per Kg of family of 5-6 persons

Table 5: Payback Period

Saving in Saving in
Cook Purchase Payback Period
Expenditure Expenditure
Stove price In Months
for Wood Monthly for Fuel Wood Day
Priyagni Rs.350 Rs 66 Rs 2.2 3 months 3 days
Harsha Rs.450 Rs 79 Rs2.64 3 months 15 days
Modified Rs.550 Rs 198 Rs 6.60 2 months 7 days

RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTUTRE RESEARCH

This research paper is essentially based on laboratory experimental data. The analysis of data observed highly
significant parameters are of heat input per hour and heat input of stove. The analysis is partial in the sense that it looked at
no specific effects on the variables in question i.e. effect of fuel consumed, burning rate, heat output of stove, thermal
efficiency and power output.

The design principles of Dr Larry Winiarski may further apply to improve the stove efficiency. At present out of
10 principles only 6 principles were used to have better results, i.e. improve stove efficiency, saving of fuels and reduction
in emission level as well as saving of time.

The following areas require further study; The design of portable cook stove to further improve stove efficiency
from 35-45% and examination of other types of wood to determine whether the fuel woods, emission as an independent of
wood type.

CONCLUSIONS

In this research study three different designed improved cooking stoves, multifuel modified Harsha and Priyagni
cooking stove were tested and compared in terms of efficiency. The main focus was on the new modified multifuel Harsha
stove design, which is so far a prototype. This stove, which can be locally produced with local materials, consists of an
insulated combustion chamber. As essential parameters for the stove test the ambient temperature and amount of water in the pot

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Development of Energy Efficient Cooking Systems for Rural Masses 47

were detected. As expected, the efficiency and other parameters of the multifuel modified Harsha cook stove is in the range
of 30-35 % better than from the Priyagni and Harsha cook stove.

The following conclusions are drawn.

• Both the efficiencies of Modified multi fuel is found to be the higher than that of rest of the two models, i.e..
Performance of Modified multi fuel is found to be the best among the all three models.

• For all cook stove models, the energy efficiency is found to be much higher than that of energy efficiency, which
can be explained in terms of the quality of energy gained in the hot water. The energetic performance of the
Priyagni model cook stove is found to be the lowest whereas the energetic performance of the Harsha model and
Modified multi fuel model cook stove are found to be much better.

• Modified cook stove was quite significant in comparison with the Priyagni and Harsha Stove of NPIC on average
saved 30% of fuel wood per day. This was with the improvement in the combustion efficiency and the
expenditure can be reduced by about 34 %.This is possible because of the application of design principles.

REFERENCES

1. Baldwin, S., 1984. New directions in woodstove development. VITA News, January 1984, pp.3-23

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