Department of Physics,

School of Basic Sciences, CSJM University Campus

Kanpur

Vision:
• To excel in quality teaching and research by attracting the best of minds and keep pace with
contemporary research in terms of infrastructure and facilities.

Mission:
• The mission of this department is to teach and learn physics in a collaborative, performance- based
pathway. We look to encourage the students towards observation and analysis of the natural
phenomena of the world and to provide the tools and skills to the students to be the torch bearers
of Physics by contributory effectively to the existing laws of nature.

1
 [Link]. (Hons) in Physics (3 year duration)

Program Outcomes of [Link]. (Hons.) in Physics, School of Sciences:

1. Physics is an exciting science subject that generates fundamental knowledge for advancement in
technology and research.
2. The technology which are using today would not have been possible without traditional and
modern physics. Physics plays an important role in the future progress of human kind globally.
3. [Link]. (Hons.) in physics has offered 22 theoretical and experimental courses during six semesters.
4. This course emphasis on the concept of physics that includes modern physics, quantum physics,
classical mechanics, relativity, thermodynamics, wave optics, etc.
5. The course is design to help students with good understanding of subjects and also offer them
opportunities to work as professionals and researchers in the departments that demand a good
understanding of physics at both local and national level.
6. Keeping in mind the application oriented training, this program aims to give students the
competence in the methods and techniques of theoretical, experimental and computational aspects
of physics. So as to achieve an overall understanding of the subject for holistic and regional
development.
7. After completion of [Link]. (Hons.) In physics, students can go for higher studies or they can get a
job in relevant fields.
8. The course is so design that it trends the graduate to get entry level jobs in different private and
government sectors.

Program Specific Outcomes:

1. To understand the basic laws and explore the fundamental concepts of physics
2. To understand the concepts and significance of the various physical phenomena.
3. To carry out experiments to understand the laws and concepts of Physics.
4. To apply the theories learnt and the skills acquired to solve real time problems.
5. To acquire a wide range of problem solving skills, both analytical and technical and to apply them.
6. To enhance the student’s academic abilities, personal qualities and transferable skills this will give
them an opportunity to develop as responsible citizens.
7. To produce graduates who excel in the competencies and values required for leadership to serve a
rapidly evolving global community.
8. To motivate the students to pursue PG courses in reputed institutions.
9. This course introduces students to the methods of experimental physics. Emphasis will be given
on laboratory techniques specially the importance of accuracy of measurements.
10. Providing a hands-on learning experience such as in measuring the basic concepts in properties of
matter, heat, optics, electricity and electronics.

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Program Educational Objectives:

1. The 3 year [Link]. (Hons.) in physics program offered by the department of physics, School of
Sciences, has been designed to provide a strong foundation in fundamental physics concepts that
form the very basis of advanced scientific inventions.
2. The curriculum presents a blend of science and technology, with the physics courses compliments
by adequately equipped laboratory experiments and supplemented by lessons in advanced
quantum mechanics, solid state physics, nuclear and particle physics, fiber optics and electronics.
3. Moreover, students are trained in computational techniques and computer programming providing
a holistic education at the bachelor’s level. The structure of the syllabus is so designed that in each
semester the students will be able to learn about various topics of physics including laboratory
work.
4. This program aims at inspiring students to pursue science further at postgraduate level and
beyond.
5. Students completing this [Link]. (Hons.) program become eligible to continue [Link]. in physics in
premier institutes and universities as well as they will be competent enough to join directly in
integrated [Link].-Ph.D. program at reputed institutes like IITs and IISC Bangalore in India.
6. The rigorous training obtained during three year course work brings out students which are
capable of pursuing higher education in regional/abroad universities also.
7. Besides higher education, this [Link]. (Hons.) in Physics program opens up a wide range of job
opportunities in the employment areas like civil services, power generating companies, applied
electronics, research and development firms etc. students may also take up various other jobs like
datalysts, research assistants, consulting physicist etc.

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 Syllabus of [Link]. (Hons) in Physics
Department of Physics,
School of Basic Sciences, CSJM University Campus
Kanpur.

Semester wise- Distribution of Course

Total Credit: 140
Semester-I, Credit: 20
[Link]. Course No. Name of the Course Credit
1. BPC-101 Mathematical Methods-I 6 (5 Th +1 T)
2. BPC-102 Mechanics and General 6 (4 Th +2 Lab)
Properties of Matter+ Lab-102
3. GE-101 Mechanics & Thermal Physics 6 (4 Th +2 Lab)

4. AECC1 English Communication 2

Semester-II, Credit: 20
[Link]. Course No. Name of the Course Credit
5. BPC-201 Electricity and Magnetism-I + 6 (4 Th+2 Lab)
BPC-201 Lab Laboratory-201
6. BPC-202 Waves and Geometrical Optics 6 (5 Th+1T)

7. GE-201 General Properties of Matter & 6 (4 Th +2 Lab)

Optics
8. AECC2 Environmental Science 2

Semester-III, Credit: 26
[Link]. Course No. Name of the Course Credit
9. BPC-301 Mathematical Methods-II 6 (5 Th +1 T)
10. BPC-302 Electronics-I+ Laboratory-302 6 (4 Th+2 Lab)
BPC-302 Lab
11. BPC-303 Computer Applications in Physics 6 (5 Th +1 T)
12. GE-301 Electricity & Magnetism 6 (4 Th +2 Lab)

13. SEC1 Vocational Course 2

4
 Semester-IV, Credit: 26
[Link]. Course No. Name of the Course Credit
14. BPC-401 Classical Mechanics 6(5 Th +1 T)
15. BPC-402 Electricity and 6 (4 Th+2 Lab)
BPC-402 Lab Magnetism-II +
Laboratory-402
16. BPC-403 Thermal Physics+ 6 (4 Th+2 Lab)
BPC-403 Lab Laboratory-403
17. GE-401 Modern Physics & 6 (4 Th+2 Lab)
Electronics
18. SEC2 Vocational Course 2

Semester-V, Credit: 24
[Link]. Course No. Name of the Course Credit
19. BPC-501 Electronics-II+ 6 (4 Th+2 Lab)
BPC-501 Lab Laboratory-501
20. BPC-502 Physical Optics+ 6 (4 Th+2 Lab)
BPC-502 Lab Laboratory-502
21. BPE-01/BPE-02/BPE-03/BPE- General Elective 6 (5 Th +1 T)
04/BPE-05/BPE-06/BPE-07 (Department Elective)*
22. BPE-01/BPE-02/BPE-03/BPE- General Elective 6 (5 Th +1 T)
04/BPE-05/BPE-06/BPE-07 (Department Elective)*

Semester-VI, Credit:24
[Link]. Course No. Name of the Course Credit

23. BPC-601 Elementary Quantum 6(5 Th +1 T)

Mechanics

24. BPC-602 Statistical Mechanics and 6(4 Th+2 Lab)

Solid State Physics +
BPC-602 Lab Laboratory-602

25. BPE-01/BPE-02/BPE-03/BPE- General Elective 6(5 Th +1 T)

04/BPE-05/BPE-06/BPE-07 (Department Elective)*

26. BPE-01/BPE-02/BPE-03/BPE- General Elective 6(5 Th +1 T)

04/BPE-05/BPE-06/BPE-07 (Department Elective)*

5
*Several Elective courses will be offered (BPE-01/BPE-02/BPE-03/BPE-04/BPE-05/BPE-06/BPE-07) for
semester-V and semester-VI. However the number of courses offered in each semester (V/VI) will be
decided by the Physics Department. Out of the offered courses students have to select two courses for
semester –V and another two courses for semester-VI. However final decision will be made by a
committee with HOD as the convener.

SEMESTER-I

Course Code: BPC-101 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: MATHEMATICALMETHODS–I

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Understand the fundamental properties of vectors and scalar.

CO2 Apply the vector dot, cross, triple products in various physical systems.

CO3 Knowledge of various coordinate systems will help the students to solve difficult
problems in electricity and magnetism.
CO4 Theory of ordinary differential equation is widely used in formulating many
fundamental laws of physics.

CO5 Understand the fundamental properties of vectors and scalar.

Course Details:

[Link] Analysis: Motivations, Definition of a vector, Dot and Cross Products;Scalar triple product;
Vector triple product, Reciprocal vectors, Applications in Physical systems; Vector Differentiation and
Integration; Line, surface and Volume Integrals; Gradient, Divergence and Curl;Gauss,Green's and Stokes'
Theorems and Applications.

[Link] Systems: Curvilinear Coordinates, Differential Vector Operators; Orthogonal Coordinate

Systems–Rectangular Cartesian Coordinates, Spherical Polar Coordinates,Cylindrical Coordinates,
Jacobian of transformation, Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in curvilinear coordinates

[Link] Series: Real and complex expansions, Odd and even functions, half-range expansions,Dirichlet
condition, Gibb's phenomenon, Parseval's theorem, Convergence of Fourier series, Fourier integrals.

4. Ordinary Differential Equations: Basic Concepts and ideas, separable equations, equations reducible
to separable form, exact differential equations, integrating factors, linear first-order differential equations,
homogeneous linear equations of the second order, homogeneous second order equations with constant
coefficients. Characteristic equations, SHM – free, forced and damped systems. Non-homogeneous
equations.

5. Elements of partial differential equations: Separation of variables, Laplace equation, Fourier

equations for Heat conduction, wave equation.

6
Text and Reference Books:
1. Mathematical methods for Physicists: Arfken and Weber. Elsevier, seventh edition, 2013.
2. Mathematical methods of physics–J Mathews and RI Walker, Pearson Addison-Wesley, second
edition, 1971.
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics –Erwin Kreyszig, Wiley , tenth edition, 2010.
4. Mathematics for Physicists–Dennery and Krzywicki, Dover Publications Inc., new edition, 1996.
5. Introduction to mathematical physics: [Link]., Prentice-Hall of India [Link], sixth edition ,1995.
6. Mathematical methods for physics and Engineering: Riley, Hobson, Bence , Cambridge University
Press, third edition, 2006.
7. Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences: Mary [Link],, Wiley, third edition, 2005.
8. Mathematical tools for Physics , J Nearing, Dover Publications,
Revised edition, 2010, downloadable
from [Link]/nearing/mathmethods
9. Mathematical Physics– PK Chattopadhyay, New Age International Private Limited, third edition ,
2022.
10. Vector and Tensor Analysis with applications– Borisenko andTarapov, Dover Publications, New
edition , 2003.
11. Vector Analysis–MR Spiegel (Schaum series), McGraw Hill Education, second edition , 2017.
12. Fourier Transform, M.R. Spiegel (Schaum series), McGraw-Hill Education, first edition, 1974.

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 SEMESTER-I

Course Code: BPC-102 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name : MECHANICS & GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Examine the basic principles of mechanics.

CO2 Understand the inertial and gravitational masses. Calculate the gravitational
potential and field due to spherical bodies.
CO3 Able to explain various natural processes and related technological advances.

CO4 Solve problems encountered in everyday life.

CO5 Examine the basic principles of mechanics.

Course Details:

1. Reference frames: Inertial and non-inertial frames of references, Galilean transformation

equations, applications to rotating frames, centripetal and Coriolis accelerations.

2. Rigid Bodies: System of particles, center of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion,
conservation theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum of rigid bodies, degrees of
freedom, Euler's equations, Moments and products of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes
theorem, equation of motion for rotation, moment of inertia of regular rigid bodies about different
axes.

3. Gravitation: Inertial and Gravitational mass, Principle of equivalence and Einstein's thought
experiments, Gravitational potential and intensity, Gauss's law, applications of Gauss's law,
Poisson's equation, Laplace's equation, gravitational self energy, gravitational field and potential
due to spherical bodies.

4. Elasticity: Stress, strain and elastic constants for anisotropic solid, inter relationships between the
various elastic constants, Torsion of a cylinder and torsional rigidity, Bending of beams and
cantilevers, flexural rigidity, geometrical moment of inertia, strain-energy relations.

5. Viscosity and fluid dynamics: Viscous fluids, definition of viscosity coefficient and Newton'slaw,
streamline and turbulent flow, flow through a capillary tube and Poiseullie's equation, Reynold's
number, Stoke's method and terminal velocity, Equation of continuity in differential form,
Bernoulli's theorem and its applications, Toricelli's theorem, velocity of flux.

6. Surface Tension: Surface energy and surface tension, thermodynamic interpretation surface
energy, molecular theory of surface tension, capillarity and rise of liquid in a tube of insufficient
length, Jurin's law, excess pressure caused inside the curved surface of a liquid, work done for
blowing of bubble, spreading and gathering of liquid.

8
Text and Reference Books:
1 Fundamentals of Physics, D. Halliday,[Link] and J.Walker5thEd,John Wiley & Sons, Publisher –
Wiley 10TH Edition 2013.
2. Berkley Physics, Vol.I, McGraw Hill Education – 2nd edition 2017.
3. Feynman Lectures in Physics Vol.I, Pearson Education; First edition 2012.
4. An Introduction to Mechanics, [Link] and [Link], McGraw Hill Education; 1st edition
2017.

SEMESTER-I

Course Code: BPC-102 (Lab) Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: Laboratory -I

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Perform basic experiments related to Mechanics

CO2 Be familiar with various measuring instruments and also would learn the importance of
accuracy of measurements.

Name of Experiments:-

1. Determination of“g” by Kater's pendulum.

2. Determination of“g” by bar pendulum.
3. Determination of surface tension by capillary tube method and verification of Jurin's law.
4. Determination of coefficient of viscosity Poiseuille's method.
5. Determination of Youngs Modulus(Y),Rigidity
Modulus(n)&Poisson's ratio of a wire by Searle's method.

9
 SEMESTER-II

Course Code: BPC-201 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM-I
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Gain knowledge about fundamental laws and concepts of electricity and
magnetism, especially the properties of static electric and magnetic fields.
CO2 Apply knowledge of magnetism to explain natural physical processes and related
technological advances.
CO3 Design experiments and acquire data in order to explore physical principles.

Course Details:

1. Electrostatics in Vacuum: Electric charge, conservation and quantization of charge, Coulomb’s

law, electric field, electric flux, Gauss’s law and its application to field problems, mechanical
force on a charged conductor. Electric Potential: Resume of vector algebra. Line integral of
electric field,potential difference and the potential function, relation between field and potential,
potential and field due to various charge distribution, electric dipole and quadrupole.
2. Electrostatics in dielectric media: Dielectrics, polarization, bound charges,Gauss's law in
dielectric, electric susceptibility and electric displacement, Linear dielectrics, boundary conditions
at the dielectric surface,energy density in electrostatic field,microscopic theory of dielectric
polarizability, Clausius-Mossotti relation, atomic radius from dielectric constant, polar molecules
and Langevin-Debye formula.
3. Capacitance and Condensers: Capacitance of parallel-plate, spherical and cylindrical capacitors
with and without dielectrics, loss of energy in sharing charges.
4. Poisson’s and Laplace's Equations: Derivations, Earnshaw's Theorem, Application of Laplace's
equation in spherical and cylindrically symmetric problem. Conducting sphere in uniform field.
5. Electrical Images: Point charge near a conducting plane, point charge near a conducting
Sphere,Induced surface charge,Force and energy.
6. Steady Current: Current density, Electrical conduction in a metal, Ohm's law, Resistance and
resistivity, Electromotive force, Kirchhoff's laws and their applications
7. Magnetic effect of steady current: Force exerted by a magnetic field on a moving
Charge,Ampere'slaw,Biot-Savart
law,CalculationsofMagneticInductionsforavariouscurrentconfigurations, Helmholtz double coil
galvanometer, Force between long parallel current carrying conductors, Torque on a current loop.
8. Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Self inductance and mutual inductance-
calculations in simple cases, measurement of magnetic flux, energy stored in a magnetic field.
Text and Reference Books:
1. Electricity and Magnetism(vol-I)- J. H. Fewkesand and John Yarwood - University Tutorial Press,
London, 1965.
2. Berkeley Physics Course(Vol-II) - McGraw Hill Education; 2nd edition 2017.
3. Introduction to electrodynamics-David [Link] Pearson Education India Learning Private Limited;
4th edition 2015.
4. Physics(Vol-II)-Halliday and Resnick 5th edition, 2017.

10
 SEMESTER-II
Course Code: BPC-201 (Lab) Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6
Course Name: Laboratory -II

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Calibrate Ammeter

CO2 Determine resistance experimentally

Name of Experiments:-

1. Calibration of ammeter by potential drop method.

2. Comparison of two low resistances by potential drop method.
3. Calibration of ammeter by copper deposition method.
4. Calibration of ammeter by potential drop method.
5. Determine the specific resistance by using Carey-Foster bridge.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

11
 SEMESTER-II

Course Code: BPC-202 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: WAVES & GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Solve wave equations and understands significance of transverse waves.

CO2 Understand the physical characteristics of SHM and obtaining solutions of the harmonic
oscillators using differential equations.
CO3 Develop knowledge about Fermat’s principle, laws of reflection, refraction and rectilinear
propagation of light.

Course Details:
OSCILLATIONS & WAVES:
1. Free oscillation of simple system with one degree of freedom, general equation of motion,
longitudinal and transverse oscillation of a mass between two springs, slinky approximation, small
oscillations approximation.

2. Composition of simple harmonic motion vibration ,interference, beat, Linearity and superposition
principles, Lissajous figures; Theory of free vibrations with damping, critical damping, Q of an
oscillator, Forced oscillator with one degree of freedom, Transient and steady state oscillators
,resonance, sharpness of resonance; Free oscillations of system with two degrees of freedom,coupled
pendulum, Longitudinal and transverse oscillations of coupled masses.

3. Fourier analysis, Fourier series and Fourier coefficients, Fourier transform, progressive and standing
waves, phase and group velocity, Dispersive waves, energy and intensity of plane waves, relative
and absolute intensity, Decibel and phonon, classical wave equation, boundary conditions and
normal modes vibration of stretched strings-plucked, struck and bowed strings, non- linear
oscillations,combination ones.

4. Shock waves, Doppler effect, Supersonic sound waves, Ultrasonics and application of ultrasonic
waves, Acoustics of building, reverberations, Sabine‟s formula.
GEOMETRICALOPTICS:
a. Basic concept, Fermat‟s principle-proof of the laws of reflection,refraction and rectilinear
propagation of light.

b. Refraction at spherical surfaces,a planatic surface,a planatic foci,Helmholtz‟s relation of

magnification, theory of thin lens, Two thin lenses separated by a distance, Matrix method in
paraxial optics, Matrix description of image formation,thick lens,cardinal point,nodal slide.

c. Aberration of light, spherical aberration and other monochromatic defects, causes and
corrections, chromatic aberration, dispersive power, achromatic doublet, case of two
separated lenses, Ramsden and Huygens eye pieces.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Berkeley Physics Course, VolII (Waves) - McGraw Hill Education 2017.
2. The physics of waves and oscillation,[Link], TataMcGraw-Hill,NewDelhi – 2017.
3. A text book on waves and acoustic, [Link] and [Link] (New Central Book
12
 Agency,Kolkata)New Central Book Agency; 4th Revised edition 2010.
4. Optics,[Link] (Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi) McGraw Hill; Seventh edition 2010.
5. Geometrical and Physical Optics, [Link] Longman; 3rd edition 1974.
6. The Feynman Lectures on Physics,Vol.I - Pearson Education; First edition 2012.

13
 SEMESTER-II

Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course (AECC2 – Environment Studies)

Course Code: AECC2 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 2

Course Name: Environment Studies
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Gain knowledge on natural processes that sustain life and govern
economy.
CO2 Predict the consequences of human actions on the web of life, global economy and
quality of human life.
CO3 Acquiring values and attitudes towards understanding complex environmental-
economic-social challenges, and participating actively in solving current
environmental problems and preventing the future ones.

Unit 1 : Introduction to environmental studies

Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies;
Scope and importance; Concept of sustainability and sustainable development.
Unit 2 : Ecosystems
What is an ecosystem? Structure and function of ecosystem; Energy flow in an ecosystem: food chains, food
webs and ecological succession. Case studies of the following ecosystems :
Forest ecosystem
Grassland ecosystem
Desert ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
Unit 3 : Natural Resources : Renewable and Non-­‐renewable Resources
Land resources and landuse change; Land degradation, soil erosion and desertification.
Deforestation: Causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on environment, forests, biodiversity and
tribal populations.
Water : Use and over-­‐exploitation of surface and ground water, floods, droughts, conflicts over water
(international & inter-­‐state).
Energy resources : Renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources, growing
energy needs, case studies.
Unit 4 : Biodiversity and Conservation
(Levels of biological diversity : genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Biogeographic zones of India;
Biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots
India as a mega-­‐biodiversity nation; Endangered and endemic species of India
Threats to biodiversity : Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-­‐wildlife conflicts, biological invasions;
Conservation of biodiversity : In-­‐situ and Ex-­‐situ conservation of biodiversity.
Ecosystem and biodiversity services: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic and Informational value.
Unit 5 : Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution : types, causes, effects and controls; Air, water, soil and noise pollution
Nuclear hazards and human health risks
Solid waste management : Control measures of urban and industrial waste.
Pollution case studies.

14
Unit 6 : Environmental Policies & Practices
Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain and impacts on human communities and
agriculture
Environment Laws: Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act; Water
(Prevention and control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act. International
agreements: Montreal and Kyoto protocols and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Nature reserves, tribal populations and rights, and human wildlife conflicts in Indian context.
Unit 7 : Human Communities and the Environment
Human population growth: Impacts on environment, human health and welfare.
Resettlement and rehabilitation of project affected persons; case studies.
Disaster management : floods, earthquake, cyclones and landslides.
Environmental movements : Chipko, Silent valley, Bishnois of Rajasthan.
Environmental ethics: Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in environmental conservation.
Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies (e.g., CNG vehicles in Delhi).
Unit 8 : Field work
Visit to an area to document environmental assets: river/ forest/ flora/fauna, etc.
Visit to a local polluted site-­‐Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural.
Study of common plants, insects, birds and basic principles of identification.
Study of simple ecosystems-­‐pond, river, Delhi Ridge, etc.
Text and Reference Books:

1. Gleick, P. H. 1993. Water in Crisis. Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev.,

Environment & Security. Stockholm Env. Institute, Oxford Univ. Press.
2. Groom, Martha J., Gary K. Meffe, and Carl Ronald Carroll. Principles of
Conservation [Link]: Sinauer Associates, 2006.
3. Grumbine, R. Edward, and Pandit, M.K. 2013. Threats from India’s Himalaya
dams. Science, 339: 36-­‐37.
4. McCully, P. 1996. Rivers no more: the environmental effects of dams (pp. 29-­‐64).
Zed Books.
5. McNeill, John R. 2000. Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental
History of the Twentieth Century.
6. Odum, E.P., Odum, H.T. & Andrews, J. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology.
Philadelphia: Saunders.
7. Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P. & Brusseau, M.L. 2011. Environmental and Pollution
Science. Academic Press.
8. Rao, M.N. & Datta, A.K. 1987. Waste Water Treatment. Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
9. Raven, P.H., Hassenzahl, D.M. & Berg, L.R. 2012. Environment. 8th edition.
John Wiley & Sons.
10. Rosencranz, A., Divan, S., & Noble, M. L. 2001. Environmental law and policy in
India. Tripathi 1992.

15
 SEMESTER-III

Course Code: BPC-301 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: MATHEMATICAL METHODS–II
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Have a good grasp of the basic elements of complex analysis, including the
important integral theorems.
CO2 Understand the applications of vector space, matrix algebra, probability and
statistics.
CO3 Gain knowledge about different important distributions like binomial distribution,
Poisson’s and Gaussians distributions.
CO4 Able to solve challenging and critical problem in physics

Course Details:
1. Matrices: Special types of Matrices – Unitary, Hermitean, orthogonal, symmetric and skew
symmetric,matrices as operators –rotation matrix, Eigen values and eigen vectors of matrices.

2. Linear Vector Spaces: Definitions, subspaces, Linear independence, bases of vector

spaces,dimensions, linear transformations, the algebra of transformations, function space, space of
infinite dimensionality.

3. Probability and Statistics: Introduction, statistical distributions, Second moment and standard
deviation, definitions of probability, fundamental laws of probability, discrete probability
distributions, combinations and permutations, Stirling's approximations for the factorial,
continuous distributions, expectation. The binomial distribution, the Poisson and Gaussian
distribution.

4. Complex Analysis: Complex Number System, Fundamental operations and the axiomatic
foundations of complex algebra, graphical representation, polar form, De Moivre's theorem, roots
of complex numbers, Euler's formula, n-throot of unity, polynomial equations, variables and
functions, single and multiple valued functions, inverse functions, elementary functions. Functions
of a complex variable, analytical functions, Cauchy Riemann conditions, Taylor and Laurent
Series, Singularities and zeros – pole, branch point, and branch cut. Calculus of residue and
evaluation of integrals, Mapping, Conformal mapping

Text and Reference Books:

1. Matrices and Tensors in Physics–A W Joshi, New Age International Limited, 2005.
2. An introduction to Probability Theory & its Applications,William Feller,VolumeI,Wiley Eastern
Limited - Wiley; 3rd edition 1968.
3. Theory and problem of probability and statistics–M R Spiegel (Schaumseries) - McGraw Hill
Education; 3rd edition, 2017.
4. The world is built on probability, Lev Tarasov, Mir Publishers, Moscow – Reprint edition, 1990.
5. Schaum's outline of theory and problems of complex variables with an introduction to conformal
mapping and its applications, Murray R. Spiegel, McGraw-Hill 1964.
6. Complex Variables and Applications:R V Churchill and J W Brown, (McGraw-Hill) - McGraw
Hill Higher Education; 9th edition 2013.
16
7. Complex analysis for mathematics and Engineering, J.H. Mathews, R.W. Howell, Jones and
Bartlett Publishers 5th edition 2006.
8. Complex analysis, L.V. Ahlfors, McGraw-Hill International 3rdEdition, 2017.
9. Foundations of Complex Analysis [Link], Narosa Publishing House 2011.
10. Complex Variables: Theory and Applications, [Link], Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd. 2nd
edition, 2005.
11. Complex variables–Ablowitz and Fokas(CUP) - Cambridge University Press; 2nd edition 2003.

17
 SEMESTER-III

Course Code: BPC-302 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: ELECTRONICS-I
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Understand the basic characteristics of semiconductor diodes and its applications.

CO2 Gain knowledge about network, superposition theorem, Norton’s theorem and how
to apply them in technology.
CO3 Design bipolar junction transistors.

CO4 Understand the basic characteristics of semiconductor diodes and its applications.

Course Details:

1. Network: Definition, mesh and nodal methods, two port network, T and circuits and their
transformations, Superposition theorem, Thevenin‟s theorem, Norton‟s theorem, Maximum power
transfer theorem.

2. Thermionic emission and vacuum tubes: Electron emission from solid, Richardson-Dushman
equation, Space charge effects and Child-Langmuir law, structure and characteristics of vacuum
diode and triode

[Link] Physics: Electrical conductivity of materials, metal ,insulator and semiconductor,

elemental and compound semiconductor, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, concept of hole, law
of mass action, density of majority and minority carriers, effective mass and mobility of holes and
electrons, energy band concept, band diagram, direct and indirect band-gap semiconductor.

3. Semiconductor diodes: Formation of p-n junction, electric field distribution at junctions, contact
potential and depletion layer, Derivation of diode equation, forward and reverse biased junction
,half wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers, rectifier with filter (C, L and ), diode characteristics and
load line, diode clamping and clipping circuit. Zener diode,use of zener diode as a voltage regulator.

4. Transistors: Bipolar Junction transistor: n-p-n and p-n-p transistors, Mechanism of current flow,
current gains α and the relations, Characteristics in CE, CB and CC mode, Load line analysis of
transistor, DC and AC load line, Q point, Active, cut-off and saturation region, amplifying action of
a transistor. Junction field effect transistor: Structure of JFET and their characteristics, pinch-
off,structure of MOSFET and their characteristics.

Text and Reference Books:

1. J. Millman and A. Grabel, Microelectronics‟,McGraw-Hill 2nd edition 2016.
2. Streetman B.G., Solid State Electronic Devices‟Prentice Hall. Publisher PHI 2014.
3. Electronics fundamental and application, [Link] - Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd 5th edition 2009.
4. Malvino, Electronic Principles ‟Tata McGraw-Hill 9th edition 2021.
5. J. Nagrath, Electronics(AnalogandDigital), Prentice Hall 2013.
6. T. Chattopadhyay, Analog and Digital Electronics‟CBS publishers,NewDelhi 2010.
7. [Link], Electronics (Classical & Modern),Books andAllied (P)Ltd, 2007.
18
 SEMESTER-III

Course Code: BPC-302 (Lab) Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: Laboratory -III

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Understand the basic characteristics of semiconductor diodes through experiments

CO2 Learn to calculate band gap and Planck’s constant experimentally

Name of Experiments:-

1. To study static characteristics of a triode.

2. To study the characteristics of a junction diode.
3. To study the characteristics of a Zener diode.
4. Determination of Planck’s constant.
5. Determination of Bandgap by four probe method.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

19
 SEMESTER-IV

Course Code: BPC-303 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHYSICS)
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 This course helps the students to understand how computers solve problems and
how programmers design softwares
CO2 Learn about tools and concept including digital, computer arithmetic, networks,
computer modeling and data driven computy.
CO3 Develop skills to solve the various problems in physics such as harmonic oscillator,
planetary motion, projectile and scattering by using computer programming.

CO4 This course helps the students to understand how computers solve problems and
how programmers design softwares

Course Details:
1. Introduction to Computers:
Brief History of modern computing: Mechanical and electronic computers; hand held devices–
smart phones, PDA's, e-book readers, etc.; embedded computers.
Generic hardware components: CPU, RAM, hard drive; variety of I/O devices, peripherals.
Software structure: Operating Systems, daemons.
2. Data representation Number Systems: Decimal, binary, octal and hexa decimal systems;
conversion from one system to another.
Data representation– integer, float, ASCII, unicode.
3. Graphical Tools:
Graphical representation of data
4. Introduction to programming in C:
Programming methodology: algorithms and flow charts.
Elements of C through simple problems: data types, operators, control statements, functions,
pointers:
Finding maximum, minimum, average, standard deviation and sorting of a set of numbers.
Series of numbers: Fibonacciseries, exponential, sine and cosine;
Manipulation of matrices
Least Square Fit
5. Numerical Methods:
Integration: trapezoidal rule, Simpson's1/3rule.
Solution of differential equations: Euler's method, Runge- Kutta method (4thorder) Solution of
transcendental equations: half-section method, Newton- Raphson method; Interpolation:
Newton's differential formulae.
[Link] to Problems in Physics:
Harmonic oscillator, planetary motion, projectile and scattering, LCR circuits, etc.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Gottfried: Schaum's Outline Series 4th edition, 2018.

20
 SEMESTER-IV

Course Code: BPC-401 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: CLASSICALMECHANICS
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Define and understand basic mechanical concepts related to advanced problems
involving the dynamic motion of classical mechanical systems.
CO2 Describe and understand the differential equations and other advanced
mathematical in the solution of problems of mechanical systems.
CO3 Describe and understand the motion of a mechanical system using Lagrange-
Hamilton formalism.

CO4 Define and understand basic mechanical concepts related to advanced problems
involving the dynamic motion of classical mechanical systems.

Course Details:
1. Mechanics of a single particle and Mechanics of system of particles; Constraints of motion;
Degrees of freedom; Generalized coordinate; some examples.

2. Lagrangian formalism; Virtual displacement and virtual work done; D'Alembert's principle and
derivation of Euler-Lagrange equations; Lagrange‟s equations for velocity-dependent
potential;Application to Lagrange's equation to some simple cases.

3. Cyclic coordinates Isotropy and Homogeneity of space, Lagrangian formulation of conservation

laws of linear momentum, angular momentum and energy.

4. Hamilton formalism; Variational principles; Hamilton's principle; Derivation of Lagrange's

equation from Hamilton's principle.

5. Hamilton's equation of motions; Hamiltonian; Applications of Hamilton's equation of motion to

some simple cases.

6. Two body central force systems; reduction to the equivalent one body problem;The equation of
motions and the first integrals; The equivalent one-dimensional problem and classification of
orbits; The Kepler's Problem: Inverse-square law of force; Runge Lenz vector;The Virialtheorem.

7. Decay and scattering problems; Kinematics of decay of a particle; transformation between Cand L
frames of reference; elastic collisions; angle of scattering and recoil; scattering cross-section;
Rutherford scattering; som eproblem.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Classical Mechanics: H. Goldstein, [Link], [Link] - Pearson Education; 3rd edition 2011.
2. Mechanics: L.D. Landau and [Link] Butter worth-Heinemann; 3rd edition 1982.
3. Classical Mechanics:[Link], [Link], McGraw Hill Education 2017.
4. Theoretical mechanics: Murray [Link]-Schaum's outline series - McGraw Hill Education 2017.

21
 SEMESTER-IV

Course Code: BPC-402 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM II
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Gain knowledge about varying and oscillating currents and can apply them to
understand the decay and growth of currents in L-R, L-C-R circuits, also know
about the working principles of AC generators transformers.
CO2 Analyze different problems in electromagnetism using mathematical methods
involving vectors and simple differential and integral calculus.
CO3 Solve Maxwell’s equations know about electromagnetic waves and their properties.

Course Details:
1. Varying Currents & Alternating Currents:
Growth and decay of current in L-R circuit, Charging and discharging of capacitor in C-R and L-
C-R circuits, Oscillating discharge, Moving coil ballistic galvanometer, damping ,Measurement of
high resistance by leakage, Mechanical analogues of LR, CR and LCR circuits. Resonance, Q-
value, power factor, AC networks, AC generators and transformers.

2. Thermoelectricity:
Thermoelectric effects, thermoelectric power and thermoelectric diagram, application of
thermodynamics to thermoelectric circuits.

3. Maxwell’s equations:
Displacement current and equation of continuity, plane electromagnetic waves in free space,
vector and scalar potentials, gauge transformation, energy and momentum conservation,
Poynting's vector ,propagation of electromagnetic waves in non-conductors, propagation in
conducting media, reflection and refraction, Fresnel's equation.

4. Special Theory of Relativity and electromagnetism

Galileantransformation,Lorentztransformationofspace-time,lengthcontractionandtimedilation,
Doppler effect for E.M waves, transformation of mass and energy, transformation of force,
transformation of an element of volume, transformation of an electric charge density and current
density. The electric and magnetic fields of moving electric charge: Magnetism as a relativistic
effect from constant fields of a charge moving at a constant velocity, transformation of electric and
magnetic fields.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Berkeley physics course, Vol. I & II. McGraw Hill 2nd edition, 2017.
2. Feynman Lectures in physics,Vol I&II - Pearson Education India, 1st edition 2012.
3. Introduction to electrodynamics-David [Link] Pearson Education India Learning Private
Limited 4th edition 2015.
4. Electromagnetic Fields-Ritz, Milford, Christy - Pearson India, 4th edition, 2010.
5. Introduction to special relativity-Robert Resnick – Wiley, 1st edition, 2007.

22
 SEMESTER-IV

Course Code: BPC-402 (Lab) Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: Laboratory -IV

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Learn the technical specification of B-H Curve

CO2 Learn the basics of Ballistic Galvanometer

Name of Experiments:-

1. To draw i-H curve using a search coil and integrating measurement system
2. To draw B-H curve using search coil and integrating measurement system.
3. Measurement of high resistance by the method of leakage of charge of a charged condenser.
4. To find mutual conductance (M) between two coils by direct method.
5. To determine the mutual inductance by Carey Foster’s method using dc source and ballistic
galvanometer.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

23
 SEMESTER-IV

Course Code: BPC-403 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: THERMAL PHYSICS
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Gain knowledge in kinetic theory of gases, thermal conductivity and viscosity.

CO2 Understand the nature of thermodynamic properties of vector like internal energy,
enthalpy, entropy, etc.
CO3 Will gain deeper knowledge in radiation specifically in black body radiation and
solar radiation

Course Details:
1. Kinetic theory of gases: Ideal gas equation, Pressure of a gas, Kinetic interpretation of
temperature, Concept of probability, Total and compound probability, Maxwell's law of
distribution of velocities – its verification, Mean free path and its experimental determination,
Degrees of freedom, equipartition of energy and its application of specific heat, experimental
study of isotherms of real gases, Vander Waal's equation of state, Virial coefficients.

2. Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic equilibrium, work, indicator diagram, state function, exact and
inexact differentials, First law of thermodynamics – its applications, Reversible and irreversible
processes, Isothermal and adiabatic changes of ideal and real gases, Second law of
thermodynamics, Carnot's theorem, Kelvin scale of temperature, Concept of entropy, principle of
increase of entropy, Maxwell's thermodynamic relations ,their applications and physical
interpretation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Variation of latent heat with temperature, First-order
phase transition, Triple point of water.

3. Transport properties: Viscosity,conductivity and diffusion, Brownian motion.

4. Conduction of heat: Conductivity and diffusivity, Fourier equation of propagation of heat in

isotropic homogeneous medium, its solution for rectilinear and radial flow, periodic flow of
heat,Weidemann-Franz law.

5. Radiation: Emission and absorption, Kirchhoff‟s law, Black-body, Stefan-Boltzmann law,

Wien‟s law, Rayleigh-Jeans law, Ultraviolet catastrophe, Planck‟s theory of black body
radiation,solar radiation and temperature of the sun.

6. Low temperature phenomena: Joule-Thomson effect, Principle of refrigeration, Principle of

adiabatic cooling, Liquid helium and its properties, Second order phase transition, Nernst heat
theorem and third law of thermodynamics.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of statistical and thermal physics: Frederick Reiff - Sarat Book Distributors 2010.
2. Thermodynamics: [Link] – Wiley 2nd edition 2006.
3. A Treatise on Heat: Sahaand Srivastava – Sarat Book Distributors, 5th revised edition, 1973.

24
 SEMESTER-IV

Course Code: BPC-403 (Lab) Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: Laboratory -IV

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Learn basics of thermal physics through experiments

Name of Experiments:-

1. Determination of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor

2. Determination of melting point of a solid using thermocouple.
3. To study thermos e.m.f. vs. temperature diagram of a thermocouple and hence to find the thermos
electric power at a given temperature.
4. Verification of Stefan’s law by electrical method.
5. Determination of (a) specific rotation of a given substance, and hence (b) the unknown
concentration of a solution.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

25
 SEMESTER-V

Course Code: BPC-501 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: ELECTRONICS II
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Understanding and ability to analyze the characteristics of transistor and transistor biasing
and stabilizing circuits.
CO2 Understanding and ability to work with of single stage and multistage amplifier.

CO3 Gain knowledge about the fabrication of simple circuits.

CO4 Understand the relationship between amplifier and oscillators.

CO5 Understand the number systems and Boolean algebra

Course Details:

1. Transistor amplifier: Transistor biasing and stabilization circuit, typical biasing circuit- fixed
bias, collector to base bias, self bias, Graphical analysis of transistor amplifier for large
signal,voltage and power amplifier, class-A, class-B, class-AB and class-C operation of amplifier.
Small-signal analysis of transistor amplifier using hybrid model, current gain, voltage gain, input
and output impedance. Multistage amplifiers- RC coupled amplifier, direct coupled amplifier and
their frequency responses.
2. Feedback in amplifier: Principal of feedback, negative and positive feedback, voltage and current
feedback, advantages and disadvantages of feedback.
3. Oscillator: Sinusoidal oscillator: Barkhausen‟s criterion for self sustained oscillation, tuned
collect or oscillator, Hartley, Colpitt‟s,phase-shift and Wien-bridge [Link]-sinusoidal
oscillator: Monostable multivibrator.
4. Integrated circuits: Steps for the development of IC, fabrication of simple circuits, simple
monolithic circuit [Link] of integration-SSI,MSI,LSI,VLSI(basic idea only)
5. Number systems and Boolean algebra: Decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number and
conversion of one system to another,1‟sand2‟scomplements of a binary number, Basic postulates
and theorems of Boolean algebra, De-Morgan‟s theorem, binary addition, subtraction and
multiplication.
6. Logic gates and digital circuits: Fundamental gates-OR, AND, NOT, Universal gates-
NOR,NAND, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR gates, design of gates using discrete components like
transistor, diode and resistances, simplification of Boolean expression, Karnaugh mapping.

Text and Reference Books:

1. J. Millmanand A. Grabel, Microelectronic, McGraw-Hill. 2nd edition, 2009.
2. Streetman B.G. “Solid State Electronic Devices” Prentice Hall 6th edition, 2005.
3. Malvino “Electronic Principles” Tata McGraw-Hill 9th edition, 2021.
4. Malvino and Leach “Digital principles and applications”, Tata McGraw-Hill 8th edition, 2014.
5. J. Nagrath “Electronics (Analog and Digital)”, Prentice Hall - PHI Learning 2nd edition, 2013.
6. T. Chottopadhyay “Analog and Digital Electronics” CBS publishers, New Delhi – 1st edition,2010.
7. R.K. Kar, “Electronics (Classical & Modern),Books and Allied (P) Ltd 4th edition, 2007

26
 SEMESTER-V

Course Code: BPC-501 (Lab) Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: Laboratory -IV

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Learn the basics of Electronics

CO2 Learn the basics of amplifiers

Name of Experiments:-

1. Construction of basic logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR) using discrete components
on a bread board, and hence verification of(i) the truth tables by measuring the voltages,(ii)
Demorgan‟s theorem and(iii)universal nature of NAND and NOR gates.
2. Study the characteristics of a CE amplifier.
3. Study of an OPAMP and its application as a Non-Inverting Amplifier and as a Unity gain buffer.
4. Study of an OPAMP and its application as an Inverting Amplifier.
5. Study of an OPAMP and its application as an Inverting Adder.
6. Study of the performance of a simple voltage comparator using OPAMP.
7. Construction of a Phase-shift oscillator on a bread board using transistor. Study of the wave form
of the oscillator and calibrate it using a CRO.
8. Study the characteristics of a feedback amplifier.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

27
 SEMESTER-V

BPC-502

(PHYSICALOPTICS)

Course Code: BPC-502 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: PHYSICAL OPTICS
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Understand the event like interference, diffraction and polarization of light.

CO2 Understand the applications of interference, diffraction and polarization.

CO3 Understand the resolving power of different optical instruments.

Course Details:
1. Theories of Light: Wave Theory, Huygens' Principle, laws of reflection and refraction.
2. Interference: Coherent and incoherent sources, spatial and temporal coherence, constructive and
destructive [Link]'sdouble-slitexpt.,Divisionofwavefront-Lloyd'smirror,Fresnel
bi-prism, Fresnel bi-mirror. Division of Amplitude-fringes with plane parallel plate, fringes with
wedge shaped film. Fringes of equal inclination and fringes of equal [Link]
interferometer, Rayleigh refractometer. Multiple beam interference, Newton's ring, Fabry Perot
interferometer, Lummer Gehrcke interferometer.
3. Diffraction: Huygens-Fresnel principle, rectilinear propagation of light. Fresnel diffraction-
construction of zones, zone plate, Cornu's spiral, diffraction by straight edge, single slit, circular
aperture and circular obstacle. Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, rectangular
aperture,circular aperture, plane transmission grating, concave grating, echelon grating. Resolving
power of telescope and microscope. Babinet's principle.
4. Polarization: Linear, circular and elliptic polarization, double refraction, Huygens' theory of
double refraction through uniaxial crystal, Nicol prism, quarter and half wave plates, polaroids,
optical activity and polarimeter, Interference of polarized light.
5. Electromagnetic Nature of Light: Polarization, Dispersion (normal & anomalous), Rayleigh
scattering, Kerr effect, Faraday effect.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Optics-Hecht & Zajac - Pearson India; 4th edition, 2008.
2. Physical and Geometrical optics-Longhurst - Longman; 3rd edition, 1974.
3. Fundamentals of Optics-Jenkins &White - McGraw Hill Education; 4th edition. 2017.
4. Principles of Optics – Born &Woolf - Cambridge University Press; 7th edition, 2019.

28
 SEMESTER-V

Course Code: BPC-502(Lab) Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: Laboratory -IV

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Learn optics through various experiments

CO2 Verify Optics law through experiments

Name of Experiments:-

1. Determination of radius of curvature of a plano-convex lens by Newton‟s ring method.

2. Determination of wavelength of a monochromatic source by Newton‟s ring method.
3. Determination of wavelength of a monochromatic source by Fresnel‟s bi-prism.
4. Determination of thickness of a film by Fresnel‟s bi-prism.
5. Determination of slit width by studying the single slit diffraction pattern.
6. Determination of slit width and width of obstacle by studying the double slit diffraction pattern.
7. Determination of grating constant using a standard source, and hence determination of unknown
wavelength of a source.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

29
 SEMESTER-VI

Course Code: BPC-601 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: ELEMENTARY QUANTUM MECHANICS
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Understand the origins of quantum mechanics

CO2 Understand and explain the differences between classical and quantum mechanics

CO3 Understand the idea of wave function

CO4 Understand the uncertainty relations

CO5 Understand the Schroedinger wave mechanics and operator formalism

CO6 Solve the Schroedinger equation for simple 1D time-independent potentials

Course Details:
1. Role of experiment and theory in Physics. Quantum mechanics as paradigm shift from
Classical Mechanics: determinism-equation of motion to probability density-expectation-
uncertainty.
2. Failure of classical physics: black body radiation, photo-electric effect; Planck's quantum
hypothesis; Einstein's photo-electric equation; Bohr's atomic model and quantization of angular
momentum and atomic spectra; Franck and Hertz's experiment; Stern and Gerlach's experiment; de
Broglie's hypothesis, Davisson and Germer's experiment;Young's double slit experiment in the light
of quantum hypothesis, wave-particle duality and complementarity.
3. Wave-function: Interpretation of wave function; Schrodinger Equation – time dependent and
time independent forms; conditions to be satisfied by wave functions; observables, expectation
value, operator representation, and measurements; stationary states; Ehrenfest's theorem;
superposition of states and dynamism.
4. Wave functions and energies in one dimension with idea of barrier penetration: infinite
square well potential, delta function potential, finite square well potential, step function
potential,free particle(illustrating uncertainty principle).
5. Formalism: Operators, eigen values and eigen functions; linear operators, product of two
operators, commutation relations, simultaneous eigen functions, orthogonal functions; Dirac
notation, dual space, inner and outer products of wave functions, projection and identity operators;
Hermitian adjoint of an operator, Hermitian operators, their eigen values, expectation values;
generalized uncertainty principle.
6. Harmonic oscillator problem: algebraic and analytic solutions and their correspondence; ground
and excited states, zero point energy; comparison with classical oscillator.
7. Schrodinger equation in three dimensions: Cartesian coordinates, particle in a rectangular box,
degeneracy; spherical coordinates, angular and radial equations, spherical harmonics; hydrogen
atom problem; Orbital angular momentum, Cartesian components, raising and lowering operators,
commutation relations, eigen values; electron
spin,explanationofobservationsfromSternandGerlach'sexperiment,Pauli matrices.

30
 SEMESTER-VI

Text and Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D. Griffiths – Cambridge University Press 3rd edition, 2018
2. Quantum Mechanics, Gasiorowich - John Wiley & Sons Inc; 3rd edition, 2003.
3. Quantum Mechanics, Mathews &Venkatasnan - McGraw Hill Education; 2nd edition, 2017.

31
 SEMESTER-VI

Course Code: BPC-602 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: STATISTICAL MECHANICS & SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Understanding of basic concept of equilibrium theory, Macroscopic and
microscopic states of system and statistical basis of thermodynamics.
CO2 Define and understand basics of ensemble theory.

CO3 Analysis the limitations of Limitations of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics.

CO4 Gain knowledge about the Bose -Einstein,Fermi-Dirac statistics.

CO5 Understand the basic concepts of force between atoms and bonding between
molecules.
CO6 Understanding of diffraction experiment and reciprocal lattice

Course Details
GROUP–A: STATISTICALMECHANICS:

1. Random walk and statistical basis of thermodynamics: Basic concept of equilibrium theory,
Macroscopic and microscopic states of system, Probability and thermodynamic probability,
Principle of equal a priori probability, Probability distribution, its narrowing with increasing n,
Average properties, Accessible and in accessible states.
2. Elements of ensemble theory: Phase space of classical system, Micro canonical ensemble,
Quantum states and phase space, Canonical ensemble, Equipartition of energy, Partition function,
Entropy of an ideal gas, Gibbs paradox, Sackur -Tetrode equation, A system of harmonic
oscillators, Statistics of paramagnetism, Langevin- Brillouin theory, Grand canonical ensemble,
fluctuations in different ensembles.
3. Introductory quantum statistics: Limitations of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, Bose-Einstein
and Fermi-Dirac statistics, statistics of occupation numbers, Thermodynamical behavior of an
ideal Bose gas, Bose –Einstein condensation, Black-body radiation, Specific heat of solids at low
temperature, Ideal Fermisystem, Fermi energy, Thermionic emission.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of statistics and thermal physics: Reif - Sarat Book Distributors, 2010
2. A Treatise on Heat: Sahaand Srivastava – publisher unknown 5th revised edition, 1973,
3. Heat and thermodynamics: Zemansky and Dittman - McGraw Hill Education; 8th edition, 2017
4. Statistical Physics: Reif (Berkeley physics course-V) - Sarat Book Distributors, 2010.
5. Statistical thermodynamics:Lee,Sears and Turcotte – Narosa, Publishing House, 1998
6. Thermal Physics: Gupta and Roy Books & Allied Ltd; 3rd Revised edition, 2010

32
GROUP–B: SOLID STATE PHYSICS

1. Crystalline and Amorphous Solids, Lattice, Basis and Crystal, Miller Indices, Interatomic Forces,
Types of Bonding of Solids, Cubic Structures(SC,FCC,BCC) of Crystals.
2. Origin of X-Rays, Continuous and Characteristic Spectra, Mosley‟s law and Periodic Table,
Explanation from Bohr‟s theory.
3. X-Ray Diffraction, Laue spots, Braggs Law, Reciprocal Lattice.
4. Free Electron Theory of Metals, Bloch theorem, Energy Bands in Solids, Kronig-Penny model,
Distinction between Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors, Fermi-Dirac Distribution and Energy
Spectrum of Solids, Electron in Magnetic Field, Hall Effect. Lattice Vibrations, Specific Heats,E
instein and Debye Model.
5. Basic idea of diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism and anti ferromagnetism.
6. Superconductivity, Meissner effect, Mössbauer effect (idea only)

Text and Reference Books:

1. Solid State Physics, Kittel - Wiley; Standard, Ist Edition, 2019.
2. Elementary Solid State Physics, [Link] Omar - Pearson India; 1st edition, 2002.
3. Solid State Physics, Ashcroft & Mermin - Cengage; 1st edition, 2003.
4. Concepts of Modern Physics, Beiser and Mahajan - McGraw Hill Education; 6th edition, 2009.

33
 SEMESTER-VI

Course Code: BPC-602 (Lab) Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: Laboratory -VI

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Learn OPAMP and its application as Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier

CO2 Learn Construction of basic logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR)

Name of Experiments:-

1. To determine the mutual inductance by Carey Foster‟s method using dc source and ballistic
galvanometer.
2. Measurement of high resistance by the method of leakage of charge of a charged condenser.
3. To find mutual conductance (M) between two coils by direct method.
4. Construction of basic logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR) using discrete components
on a bread board, and hence verification of(i) the truth tables by measuring the voltages,(ii)
Demorgan‟s theorem and(iii)universal nature of NAND and NOR gates.
5. Study the characteristics of a CE amplifier.
6. Study of an OPAMP and its application as a Non-Inverting Amplifier and as a Unity gain buffer.
7. Study of an OPAMP and its application as an Inverting Amplifier.
8. Study of an OPAMP and its application as an Inverting Adder.
9. Study of the performance of a simple voltage comparator using OPAMP.
10. Construction of a Phase-shift oscillator on a bread board using transistor. Study of the wave form
of the oscillator and calibrate it using a CRO.
11. Study the characteristics of a feedback amplifier.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

34
 ELECTIVECOURSES INPHYSICS

SEVERAL ELECTIVE COURSES WILL BE OFFERED FOR

SEMV &SEMVI. HOWEVER, THE NUMBER OF COURSES
OFFERED IN EACH SEMESTER WILL BE DECIDED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OUT OF THE OFFERED COURSES STUDENTS
HAVE TO SELECT ONE COURSE FOR SEM-V AND ANOTHER FOR
SEM-VI.

PRESENTLY, THERE ARE SEVEN ELECTIVE COURSES IN THE SYLLABUS.

35
 SEMESTER-V/VI

Course Code: BPE-01 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: GROUP THEORY & TENSOR ANALYSIS
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Recognize the mathematical objects called groups

CO2 Link the fundamental concepts of groups and symmetries of geometrical objects

CO3 Explain the significance of the notions of cosets, normal subgroups, and factor
groups;

CO4 Analyse consequences of Lagrange’s theorem;

CO5 Describe about structure preserving maps between groups and their consequences.

Course Details

Group Theory: Symmetries in nature; Definition of group; Explanation of abstract ideas related to group
theory using simple examples. Continuous group: O(2) and O(3) Rotation in two and three dimensions;
Generators of rotation group angular momentum; Representation of O(3)and the spherical harmonics;
SU(2) and spin;Lorentzgroupin3+1dimensions;Generators and their algebra; Origin of Thomas
Precession; Solving quantum Coulomb and/or the oscillator problem using group theory. Discrete group:
Parity and time reversal symmetry in physics and the consequences (parity selection rule, Kramer‟s
degeneracy etc.); Permutation symmetry of identical objects; Symmetry of a regular configuration like a
square and/or triangular sheet; Symmetry of different types of lattices; Symmetry of molecules; Normal
mode calculations using group theory.

Tensor Analysis and differential geometry: Scalar, vector, pseudo scalar and pseudo vector; Outer
product of two vectors as a tensor; Pseudo tensor; A few examples; General definition of a tensor; Rank
of a tensor; Brief overview of dual vector space; Covariant, Contra variant and mixed tensors; Kronecker
delta as a tensor; Levi Civita tensor in 3 and higher dimensions; Contraction of tensors by using
Kronecker delta and Levi Civita tensors; Maxwell's equations and tensor; Metric on a space as a rank two
tensor; Derivative of tensors; Christoffel symbol; Riemann curvature tensor; Elements of GTR.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Tensor Analysis by H. D. Block, Cornell University Press, 1978.

2. An Introduction to Group Theory by Nadeer Jeevan Ji, Springer New York , 2011.

36
1.
SEMESTER-V/VI

Course Code: BPE-02 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: THE PHYSICS OF ENERGY
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Learn about the different form of energy

CO2 Learn about the utilization of enegy

CO3 Learn about the applications

Course Details
1. Energy and its Uses
2. Units and scales of energy use
3. Mechanical energy and transport
4. Heat energy: Conversion between heat and mechanical energy
5. Electromagnetic energy: Storage, conversion, transmission and radiation
6. Intro to the quantum, energy quantization
7. Energy in chemical systems and processes, flow of CO2
8. Entropy and temperature
9. Heat engines, efficiency
10. Conversion: Phase change energy conversion, refrigeration and heat pumps
11. Internal combustion engines
12. Sterling engine
13. Conversion: Steam and gas power cycles, the physics of power plants
14. Sources of Energy
15. Fundamental forces in the universe

Text and Reference Books:

1. Theory, Design and Application‟,by [Link], [Link] A.L. Rogers;
John Wiley& Sons Ltd., UK(2004).
2. The Solar Economy: Renewable energy for sustainable global future‟by Hernamm Scheer;
Earth scan, London, UK (2004).
3. Introductory Nuclear Physics by [Link];JohnWiley&SonsLtd.(1988).

37
 SEMESTER-
V/VIBPE-03

Course Code: BPE-03 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: MATERIAL SCIENCE : EVOLUTION AND APPLICATIONS

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Understand the basic ideas of bonding in materials

CO2 Describe crystalline and non crystalline materials

CO3 Understand the types of imperfections and diffusion mechanisms in solids

CO4 Describe the different properties of ceramics and polymers

CO5 Describe the different types of material analysis techniques

Course Details
I. Classification of Materials, Metals, Polymers, Semiconductor materials and other modern
materials
II. Historical Development of Materials: The first materials: Stone and Clay, The first metals:
Copper and Bronze, Gold and Silver and the basis of wealth, Mechanisms and Properties of
Metals, The basics of structure, the basics of mechanical properties, The Discovery of Iron,
Glass, Steel: The Modern Metal
III. Polymers :A Modern Class of Materials
IV. The Discovery of Polymerization, Mechanisms and Properties:
V. Polymer Structures
VI. Polymer molecules – mers , chemistry, common polymers, molecular structure and
configuration, Crystallinity
VII. The Semiconductor Revolution :The Information Age
VIII. Other Modern Materials (Nano Materials etc):
IX. Nano structural Characterization Techniques, Nano systems.
X. Electrical Behavior: Basic Concepts, Band Structure and Material Behavior: Conductors,
Semiconductors, ionic conductors, passive and active dielectrics
XI. Applications of Materials: Traditional metal, semiconductors and polymer applications, Nano
composites

Text and Reference Books:

1. R. Abbaschian, R.E. Reed-Hill, Physical Metallurgy Principles, 4th ed., Cengage Learning, 2009.
2. D.R. Askeland, P.P. Phule, W.J. Wright, The Science and Engineering of Materials, 6th ed., Cengage
Learning, 2010.
3. W.D. Callister, D.G. Rethwisch, Materials science and Engineering: An Introduction, 8th ed., Wiley,
2010.
4. B.S. Mitchell, An Introduction to Materials Engineering and Science for Chemical and Materials
Engineers, 1st ed., Wiley- Inter science, 2003.
5. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th ed., Wiley, 2005.
6. V. Singh, Physical Metallurgy, 1st ed., 2008.

38
 SEMESTER-V/VI

PHYSICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Course Code: BPE-04 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: PHYSICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Understand the physics behind house hold objects

CO2 Understand the physics in terms of medical filed

CO3 Understand the physics in terms of data communication

Course Details
Basics: Units and dimensions; Dimensional analysis and estimation of energy scales for different
physical processes; Order of magnitude calculations; The Fermi problem.
Physics of Earth: Estimating the radius and mass of earth by elementary methods; Age of the
earth; Other Physical parameters of the earth; Earth's interior; Thermal structure of Earth; Gravity
and magnetic field
Atmospheric Physics: Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Radiation scattering of
radiation by atmosphere; Emission & absorption of terrestrial radiation; Greenhouse effect; global
warming and climate change; Atmospheric thermodynamics and role of water vapour;
Human body and medical physics: Eye and the vision; working principles of spectacles, contact
lenses, binoculars, telescopes, microscopes etc.; Ear and sound; working principles of hearing aid
device; How the lungs and the heart work? Physics of rotator cuff and the skeleton; Non invasive
probe inside the body: Sound waves and working principles of stethoscope, ultra sonography;
Communication Physics: Use of electromagnetic waves for telecommunication; from J. C. Bose to
present day technology; Working principles of cell phone, GPS, internet etc.; physics of fiber optics
based communication; difficulty with faster signal transmissions and possible remedies; elementary
ideas on possible next generation telecommunication modes and devices.
Text and Reference Books:
[Link] of the Earth, 4thedition, F.D. Stacy,and P. [Link], Cambridge University Press, 2018.

39
 SEMESTER-V/VI

Course Code: BPE-05 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: THEORETICAL AND OBSERVATIONAL ASPECTS OF ASTRONOMY
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Learn and use new vocabulary words (great circle, spherical angle, spherical
triangle, Euclidean geometry).

CO2 Discover facts about spherical triangles.

CO3 To understand the different coordinated systems to locate the celestial object in
space.

CO4 Effect of the refraction phenomena for the celestial objects

CO5 . Understand Kepler's Three Laws of Planetary Motion.

CO6 Visualize the effect of the three laws on the orbits of planets, asteroids, and comets

Course Details

(a) What is astronomy?-An introduction the prospects of astronomy.

An overview on spherical trigonometry.
Geodesics, small circles and great circles.

(a) Earth and the related terrestrial astronomy.

Celestial Sphere and related topics.
Three systems of celestial coordinates and their transformations.

(a)Time associated with astronomy.

Astronomical refraction, parallax, aberration,precession and nutation.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Text book of astronomy and astro physics with elements of cosmology, [Link], Narosa
publishing house, 2001.
2. Astrophysics-stars and galaxies, K. D. Abhyankar, University press, 2001.

40
 Course Code: BPE-06 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6
Course Name: INTRODUCTION TO NANOSCIENCE
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Understand the essential role of nanoscience

CO2 Understand the various properties of nano materials

Course Details

Introduction: Fundamental phenomena as a function of size and reduced dimensionality; the role of
surfaces; Emphasis on uses of new materials.
Nano materials and Nano composites: Metal nano particles, nano-rod and nano-tube: Preparation and
characterization, Electronic properties, metal-non-metal transition, Quantum size effect, core-shell
structure,quantum conductance in metal nano wires.
Nano composites: Synthesize of nano clusters (metal/semiconductor) inside a medium, such as glass, and
ceramic media, Important nanoscale systems and their novel properties (clusters, dots, films).
.
Text and References:
1. S.M. Lindsay, “Introduction to nano-science”, Oxford University Press,2010.
2. Richard Martin, ‘Electronic Structure: Basic theory and practical methods’, Cambridge University
Press, 2004.
3. A. A. Balandin & K. L Wong, Eds Handbook of semiconductor nanostructures and nanodevices-
American Scientific Publishers; 1st edition 2006.
4. [Link], Handbook of nano structured biomaterials and their application in nano
biotechnology- American Scientific Publishers 2006
5. [Link], Nano clusters and nano crytals - American Scientific Publishers; illustrated edition
2003.

41
 SEMESTER-
V/VIBPE-07

Course Code: BPE-07 Full Marks: 100, Credit:6

Course Name: ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS
Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Develop the knowledge of theoretical and mathematical principles of electrical
measuring instruments.
CO2 Examine various real life situations in domestic or industrial scenario where
measurements of electrical quantities are essential
CO3 Choose the proper type and specification of measuring procedure and measuring
instruments for different industrial/commercial/domestic applications.
CO4 Assess fault conditions in electrical installations and identify necessary remedial
measures.
CO5 Design new sensing and measuring schemes for various electrical and electronic
applications.

Course Details

1. Voltmeters and Ammeters: Analog Voltmeters: DC Voltmeter, AC Voltmeter, Vacuum Tube

Voltmeter (VTVM), Field Effect Transistor Voltmeter(FET-VM);Analog Ammeters.
2. Digital Voltmeters: General Characteristics, Ramp Type, Integrating Type, Continuous Balance,
Digital Multimeters.
3. Power Supply: Rectifiers with/without Filter, Principle of Regulation, Regulated Power Supply
using Zener, Transistor and ICs, Fixed and Variable Voltage Source(s) using ICs, Constant
current supplies, Power Supply using SCRs, Fabrication of Regulated Power Supply, Switched
Mode Power Supply( SMPS),

Text and Reference Books:

1. Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques, Helfrick &Cooper, Prentice-Hall,
old edition 1992.
2. Electronic Measurement, Terman &Petit, McGraw Hill, 2006.
3. Electricity & Magnetism by Michael A. Di Spezio, Sterling Juvenile; New edition 2000.

42
 SEMESTER-V/VI

BPE-08

Course Code: BPE-08 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, NUCLEAR & PARTICLE PHYSICS

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Fine and hyperfine structure, Interactions of
one-electron atoms with static external electric field, magnetic field and
electromagnetic radiation.
CO2 Two and many electron atoms: finding the
least energy configurations and the corresponding energies.
CO3 Molecular physics: Diatomic molecules-rotation, vibration and electronic spectra,
configuration of diatomic molecules. Lasers and its application
CO4 The different nuclear interactions and the corresponding nuclear potentials and its
dependence on the couplings are learned

Course Details
GROUPA: ATOMIC & MOLECULAR PHYSICS
1. Atomic Spectra:
Bohr atom model, Somerfield‟s elliptical orbits and space quantization, spin quantization,
Larmours theorem, magnetic moment, Bohr magneton.
Alkali spectra, Explanation of the doublet nature from vector atom model, selection rules for
transition, Pauli‟s exclusion principle and periodic table. Effect of magnetic field on the spectral
lines-Zeeman effect (normal and anomalous), Lande g-factor, Paschen Bach effect, effect of
electric field on the spectral lines-Stark effect, L-S coupling, Lande interval rule, J-Jcoupling.
2. Molecular Spectra:
Classification of molecular spectra - electronic, vibrational and rotational spectra of diatomi c
molecules, fluorescence, phosphorescence, Raman spectra, optical pumping.
Group B: Nuclear Physics
[Link] to Nuclear Physics: Composition of nucleus, nuclear size, nuclear force and other
forces of nature, binding energy curve.; properties of nuclear force, range and depth of potential:
deuteron , saturation of nuclear force, meson theory of nuclear force, Yukawa theory.
2. Radioactivity: α, β, γ decay and internal conversion
Group C: Particle Physics
Full Marks: 15
1. Introduction to particles and interactions: source of 'elementary' particles: cosmic ray, nuclear
reactors, particle accelerators; discovery of neutron, positron, neutrinos, anti-proton and anti-
neutron, baryons, mesons, leptons and 'strange' particles; fundamental forces of nature; quarks,
leptons and mediators
2. Quantum numbers: quantum numbers associated with 'elementary' particles, their conservation and
violation
3. Quark Model: The Eight fold Way, quark model, multiplets.

43
Text and Reference Books:
1. Nuclear Theory (Vol.-I), Eisenberg & Greiner, North-Holland - North-Holland Pub. Co.; 2nd
Revised edition 1975.
2. Concepts of Nuclear Physics, B. Cohen, North-Holland McGraw Hill Higher Education; 1st
edition 1974.
3. Nuclear Physics (Theory and Experiment),Roy &Nigam, Wiley & Sons - New Age International
Pvt Ltd; Second edition 2014.
4. Theoretical Nuclear Physics, Blatt & Weisskopf, John Wiley & Sons -Dover Publications; New
edition2010, downloadable -
[Link]
5. Introduction to Elementary Particles, David Griffiths, John Wiley & Sons 2nd edition 2010.
6. IntroductiontoParticlePhysics,[Link],Prentice-HallofIndiaPrivateLimited 1999.
7. Concepts of Modern Physics, A. Beiser, McGraw-Hill Education 6th edition 2002.
8. [Link]
9. Introduction to Atomic Spectra, Harvey Elliot White - MCGRAWHILL EXCLUSIVE (CBS) 2019
10. Molecular Spectroscopy, Banwell - McGraw Hill Education; Fourth edition 2017.

44
 SEMESTER-V/VI

BPE-09

(MATHEMATICALMETHODS–III)

Course Code: BPE-09 Full Marks: 100, Credit: 6

Course Name: MATHEMATICALMETHODS–III

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Solve the linear system of equations analytically and compute the Eigen values and
Eigen vectors of a square matrix.

CO2 2. Extend the concept of integration of two and three dimensions and support it
through applications in engineering

CO3 Generalize calculus to vector functions and interpret vector integral theorems.

CO4 Extend the concept of integration of two and three dimensions and support it
through applications in engineering

CO5 Appraise the Laplace Transform technique and use it to solve various engineering
problems

Course Details

1. Second order differential equations: – Singular points, series solutions, Frobenius method, Legendre,
Bessel and Hermite equations
2. Special Functions – Legendre, Bessel, Hermite and Laguerre functions – recurrence relations,
orthogonality, generating functions, Rodrigues formula. Beta and Gamma functions, Dirac Delta
function.
3. Non-linear differential equations – Non-linearity in some simple dynamical systems, fixed points and
their classification, stability, linear stability analysis, Bifurcations. Examples, phase planeand phase
portrait, limit cycle Lorenz equation, Chaos.
4. Tensors: Introduction, coordinate transformation, scalars, covariant and contravariant tensors, ranks,
Symmetric and Anti-symmetric tensors, Einstein summation rule, Kronecker delta, metric tensors,
contraction, inner product and outer product.
5. Integrals transforms: Fourier transforms, convolution theorems, short-comings of Fourier transforms,

Text and Reference Books:

1. Mathematical methods for Physicists: Arfken and Weber – Elsevier 7th edition 2012
2. Mathematical methods of physics–J Mathews and [Link] - Pearson Addison-Wesley; 2nd
edition 1971
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics –Erwin Kreyszig, Wiley 10thedition, 2010.
4. Mathematics for Physicists–Dennery and Krzywicki, Dover New edition, 1996.
5. Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences: Mary [Link], Wiley; 3rd edition 2005.
6. Mathematical Physics– PK Chattopadhyay New Age International Private Limited; Third edition
2022

45
7. Vector and Tensor Analysis with applications– Borisenko and Tarapov - Dover Publications Inc.;
New edition 2003
8. Vector Analysis– MR Spiegel (Schaum series) - McGraw Hill Education; 2nd edition 2017.
9. Fourier Transform–M.R .Spiegel( Schaum series)McGraw-Hill Education 1974.
10. Mathematical Physics –Ajoy Ghatak, Goyaland Chua(McMillan) - Laxmi Publications Private
Limited; First edition 2017.
11. Differential equations– MR Spiegel(Schaum series) - McGraw Hill; First edition 2020

46
GEBERIC ELECTIVE/INTERDISCIPLINARY
COURSES IN PHYSICS

47
 SEMESTER- I

Course Code: GE-101 Full Marks: 50, Credit: 4

Course Name: MECHANICS & THERMAL PHYSICS

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 identify the relationship and correct usage of work
CO2 compute entropy for simple systems such as the ideal gas
CO3 compute the value of selected thermo dynamical variables at thermal
CO4 compute the efficiency of idealized engines such as the Carnot cycle

Course Details
Group A (Mechanics) Marks: 20

Vectors: Axial and polar vectors, dot and cross product, scalar triple product and vector triple product.
Gradient, divergence and curl, statement of divergence theorem and Stokes‟ theorem.
Rotational motion: Angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular momentum, torque, fundamental
equations of rotational motion, principle of conservation of angular momentum.
Dynamics of rigid bodies: Moment of inertia and radius of gyration, their physical significance, theorem
of parallel and perpendicular axes. Rotational kinetic energy, calculation of moment of inertia of some
simple systems.
Gravitation: Law of universal gravitation, gravitational potential and intensity, calculation of potential
and intensity of thin uniform spherical shell and solid sphere, escape velocity.

Group B (Thermal Physics) Marks: 30

1. Kinetic theory of gases: Perfect gas, pressure exerted by gas, Maxwell‟s law of distribution of
molecular velocities (statement only) – r.m.s., mean and most probable velocities, degrees of
freedom, principle of equipartition of energy
2. Thermal conductivity of solids: Different processes of transmission of heat,thermal conductivity
and diffusivity, Fourier equation in 1-Dimension for heat flow
3. Thermodynamics: Specific heat, Internal energy, Isothermal and adiabatic processes, first law of
thermodynamics; Indicator diagram, reversible and irreversible processes, cyclic process; Second law
of thermodynamics,Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem
4. Radiation: Radiation of heat, emissive and absorptive power, Kirchhoff‟s law, black body
Radiation, Stefan‟s law, Planck‟s law (statement only), Wien‟s displacement law, Rayleigh-
Jean‟slaw.

Text and Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Mechanics: R. D. Kleppner and J. Kolenkow, Cambridge
University Press, 2nd edition, 2014.
2. A textbook of Mechanics by J. C. Upadhyay,Ram Prasas Publications; 1st
edition, 2017.
3. Mechanics by D. S. Mathur, S. Chand; New edition, 2000
4. Theory & Problems of Theoretical Mechanics by M. R. Spiegel, Schaum’s
Outline Series, 2017.

48
 SEMESTER-I

Course Code: GE-102 (Lab) Credit: 2 Full Marks: 25

Course Name: Laboratory -I

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Learn to determine specific gravity of granular solid experimentally

CO2 Learn to determine moment of inertia of metallic cylinder/rectangular bar experimentally

Name of Experiments:-

1. Determination of specific gravity of granular solid in soluble in water.

2. Determination of moment of inertia of metallic cylinder/rectangular bar.
3. Verification of Boyle‟s law.

(NEWEXPERIMENTSMAYBEADDEDINPHASES)

49
 SEMESTER-II

Course Code: GE-201 Full Marks: 50, Credit: 4

Course Name: GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER & OPTICS

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Study the elastic behavior and working of torsional pendulum

CO2 Study of bending behavior beams and analyze the expression for young's modulus

CO3 Understand the surface tension and viscosity of fluid

CO4 Analyze waves and oscillations

CO5 Study the basic properties and production of ultrasonic’s by different methods

Course Details
Group-A: General Properties of Matter Marks: 25
Elasticity: Stress and strain, Hook's law, elastic constant and their interrelations, work done in stretching a
wire, torsion of a cylinder, determination of Y, determination of η (static and dynamical method)
Surface Tension: Surface tension and surface energy, theory of surface tension, angle of contact,
capillary, excess pressure of a curved liquid surface, factors affecting Surface Tension.
Viscosity: Coefficient of viscosity, streamline and turbulent motion, Reynolds number, Bernoulli‟s
equation, flow of liquid through acapillarytube,Poiseuille'sequationanddeterminationofviscosityofa liquid,
Stokes' law, factors affecting viscosity, application to blood flow.
Wave Motion: Different types of waves, Longitudinal/Transverse waves and progressive/stationary
waves, Period, Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength, Velocity, Phase etc., Forced Vibrations and
Resonance, Resonance column method of finding velocity of sound waves, Transverse waves in a string,
Laws of vibration of strings, Characteristics of musical sound, Doppler effect, Ultrasonics, Ultra
sonography, Intensity, decibel.

Group-B: Optics Marks: 25

Fermat's Principle: Fermat's principle, Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat's principle.
Prism: Dispersion, Dispersive power, Deviation, dispersion by raindrop, rainbow.
Thin Lenses: Equivalent focal length of two lenses in contact, Equivalent focal length of two lenses
separated by a distance, chromatic aberration in lens, achromatic combination of lenses, spherical
aberration in a lens and its remedy.
Velocity of Light: Introduction, Determination of velocity of light: Fizeau (Terrestrial), Foucault‟s and
Michelson's method, Constancy of velocity of light in all frames of references.
Wave Theory of Light: Huygen's principle, the laws of reflection and refraction.

Text and References Books:

1. Optics by Ajoy Ghatak, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,7th

Edition,2020
2. A textbook of Optics by Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and Avadhanulu, ‎ Schand; 23rd Rev.
Edition. 2006.

50
 SEMESTER-II

Course Code: GE-202 (Lab) Credit: 2 Full Marks: 25

Course Name: Laboratory -II

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Understand the experiments related to Optics

CO2 Understand the experiments related to mechanics

Name of Experiments:-

1. Determination the rigidity modulus of a material taken in the form of wire by stastical method.
2. Determination the rigidity modulus of a material taken in the form of wire by dynamical
method.
3. Determination of the focal length of a convex mirror.
4. Determination of the focal length of a convex lens by combination method.
5. Determination of the focal length of a convex lens by displacement method.
6. Determination of the refractive index of the material of a prism by spectrometer.
7. Determination of the refractive index of a liquid by lens and mirror.
8. Determination of the refractive index of a liquid by travelling microscope.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

51
 SEMESTER-III

Course Code: GE-301 Full Marks: 50, Credit: 4

Course Name: ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Study the electric field using coulombs’ inverse square law in electrostatics of
current

CO2 Analyse the chemcial and heating effect of current

CO3 Understand the faradays laws of electromagnetic induction by rayleigh's method

CO4 Analyse the value of maxwell equation- boundary conditions

Course Details

Electrostatics: Electric charge, Coulomb‟s law, electrostatic potential and intensity, intensity and
potential due to a point charge,; Induction, lines of force, Gauss‟ theorem and its application, capacity of
condenser, parallel-plate, spherical and cylindrical condensers; Loss of energy due to charge sharing,;
Dielectrics, electric polarization.
Magnetostatics: Magnetic pole, pole strength, magnetic potential and intensity, potential due to a bar
magnet and magnetic shell, moment of a magnet, forces between two magnets, couple on a magnet, work
done in deflecting a magnet, magnetometers – deflection and vibration; Terrestrial magnetism, magnetic
elements of earth, determination of H.
[Link]: Kirchhoff‟s law and its application, potentiometer and its application, measurement of
e.m.f., current and resistance by potentiometer, Wheatstone‟s bridge and its sensitivity.
Electro- magnetic induction: Self and mutual inductances, calculation of inductance in solenoid.
Varying current : Growth and decay of current in L-R and C-R circuits, time constant and log
decrement; Induction coil.

Text and References Books:

1. Electricity and Magnetism(vol-I)- J. H. Fewkesand and John Yarwood - University Tutorial Press,
London, 1965.
2. Berkeley Physics Course(Vol-II) - McGraw Hill Education; 2nd edition 2017.
3. Introduction to electrodynamics-David [Link] Pearson Education India Learning Private Limited;
4th edition 2015.
4. Physics(Vol-II)-Halliday and Resnick 5th edition, 2017.

52
 SEMESTER-III

Course Code: GE-302 (Lab) Credit: 2 Full Marks: 25

Course Name: Laboratory -III

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Understand the experiments related to magnetism

CO2 Understand the experiments related to Electricity

Name of Experiments:-

1. Determination of the resistance per unit length of ammeter bridge wire by Carey Foster's method.
2. Determination of the value of low resistance by drop of potential method.
3. To measure the e.m.f. of a cell by a potentiometer using a milli-ammeter.
4. Determination of specific resistance by meter bridge with end correction.
5. Determination of the electro chemical equivalence of copper using an ammeter (single deposit
necessary).
6. Determination of the moment of a bar magnet and the horizontal component of earth's magnetic
field by magnetometer.

(NEWEXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

53
 SEMESTER-IV

Course Code: GE-401 Full Marks: 50, Credit: 4

Course Name: MODERN PHYSICS & ELECTRONICS

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Analyze the intensity variation of light due to Polarization, interference and
diffraction
CO2 Explain working principle of lasers

CO3 Explain fundamentals of quantum mechanics and apply to one dimensional motion
of particles
CO4 Calculate Q-value of nuclear reactions and describe particle detectors and
accelerators

Course Details
(EACH GROUP HAS TO BE ANSWERED IN SEPARATE SCRIPT)

Group A: Modern Physics Marks: 35

1. Atomic Physics: Discharge of electricity through rarefied gas, cathode ray and their properties;
Ionization of gases by radiation, measurement of e/m (specific charge) by Thomson's method,
determination of' e'(electronic charge)by Millikan's oil drop experiment; Aston's mass
spectrograph, Frank-Hertz expt.
2. Quantum theory of radiation: Planck's concept---radiation formula(statement only)---qualitative
discussion of photo-electric effect and Compton effect in support of quantum theory; Raman
effect.
3. Basic Quantum Mechanics: Wave nature of material particles, wave-particle duality, wave length
of de Broglie waves, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Bohr's theory of hydrogen spectra ---
concept of quantum number, Schrödinger equation, particle in a one dimensional infinite well--
Energy Eigen values, wave function and its probabilistic interpretation. Pauli exclusion principle.

4. Solid State Physics: Crystalline nature of solid, diffraction of X-ray, Bragg's law; Moseley's law
Explanation from Bohr's theory.
5. Nuclear Physics: Binding energy of nucleus, binding energy curve and stability; Radioactivity,
successive disintegration, radioactive equilibrium, radioactive dating, radioisotopes and their uses,
nuclear trans mutation, fission and fusion, nuclear reactor.
6. Special Theory of Relativity: Postulates of STR, formulae of (i) Length contraction; (ii) Time
dilation;(iii)Velocity addition;(iv)Mass variation, and(v)Mass-energyequivalence.

Group B: Electronics Marks: 15

Diodes and Transistors : Introduction to semiconductors, P-N junction diode, bridge rectifier, capacitance
input filter, Zener diode, voltage regulator, Transistors α and β and their interrelations; output
characteristics in CE mode, single stage CE amplifier --- approximate expressions of current and voltage
gain with the help of' Load Line'.

54
 SEMESTER-IV

Digital electronics: binary systems, binary numbers. Decimal to binary and reverse conversions; binary
addition and subtraction.
Logic gates: OR, AND, NOT gates --- truth tables. Statement of de Morgan's theorem, NOR and NAND
universal gates.

Text and References Books:

1. Optical Electronics by [Link] and [Link], 1E, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
2. Introduction to semiconductor materials and devices by [Link], 2E, John Wiley & Sons 2008.
3. Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Devices by [Link], 3E, John Wiley &Sons, 2008.
4. Quantum Mechanics by L.I. Schiff, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited,
5. 2017.
6. A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics by P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan,
7. McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited,2010.
8. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by [Link], 3E, Cambridge University
9. Press, 2018.

55
 SEMESTER-IV
(LABORATORYCOURSE)

Course Code: GE- 402 (Lab) Credit: 2 Full Marks: 25

Course Name: Laboratory -IV

Course outcomes (CO): At the end of the lab course, the student will be able to:

CO1 Learn basics of semiconductor

CO2 Learn applications of semiconductors in electronics

Name of Experiments:-

1. To draw the characteristic curve of a p-n junction diode

2. To draw the forward and reverse characteristic curves of a Zener diode.
3. To construct OR, AND, NOT and NAND gates using discrete circuit components and to
verify their truth table.
4. To verify the truth tables of OR, AND and NOT gates and to verify De Morgan's theorem
by using NAND gates.

(NEW EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED IN PHASES)

56