Adverbs

What is an adverb?
Adverbs are words that usually modify—that is, they limit or restrict the meaning of—verbs.
They may also modify adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, or even entire sentences.
Types of Adverbs
Adverbs are categorised into different types according to their functions when used in a
sentence. Given below are the different types of adverbs.
 Adverbs of Manner
 Adverbs of Time
 Adverbs of Place
 Adverbs of Frequency
 Adverbs of Degree
 Conjunctive Adverbs
Adverbs of Manner: These adverbs are those that describe the manner in which an action is
done. Basically, it can be said that the adverbs of manner answer the question ‘how’.
Examples of adverbs of manner:
Quickly, promptly, clearly, slowly, gradually, eventually, rapidly, seriously, instantly, keenly,
etc.
Adverbs of Time: As the name suggests, the adverbs of time are used to tell the reader when
some action is occurring. Adverbs of time include general time periods and specific times. We
can identify an adverb of time by asking the question ‘when’.
Examples of adverbs of time:
Now, soon, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next month, recently, forever, etc.
Adverbs of Place: These adverbs are used to indicate where the action mentioned in the
sentence is taking place. Adverbs of place can be identified by asking the question ‘where’.
Examples of adverbs of place:
Somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, here, outside, inside, wherever, elsewhere, left, right, north,
east, south, west, etc.
Adverbs of Frequency: These adverbs are used to denote how often an action or event is
happening. The adverbs of frequency can be recognised by asking the question ‘how often’.
Examples of adverbs of frequency:
Seldom, rarely, never, often, weekly, monthly, yearly, annually, usually, sometimes,
occasionally, constantly, frequently, etc.
Adverbs of Degree: These adverbs are used to indicate how intense an action of quality is. It is
used to describe adjectives and adverbs. For instance, an adverb of manner expresses how fast
or how slow a vehicle is moving, how hot or cold the weather is, how interesting or boring a
movie is and so on.
Examples of adverbs of degree:
Very, too, extremely, much, more, most, little, less, incredibly, totally, greatly, hardly, deeply,
barely, etc.
Conjunctive Adverbs: Conjunctive adverbs perform a little differently from the other types of
adverbs. These adverbs are seen to act like a conjunction to link two sentences or clauses
together and hence the name, ‘conjunctive adverbs’.
Examples of conjunctive adverbs:
However, nevertheless, meanwhile, therefore, instead, likewise, notably, subsequently, rather,
namely, on the other hand, incidentally, in addition to, etc.
 Unlike other parts of speech, adverbs can be placed at any part of the sentence
(beginning, middle or end), and make complete sense without sounding absurd.

What Is an Informal Letter?

Informal letters are personal letters that are written to let your friends or family know about
what is going on in your life and to convey your regards. An informal letter is usually written to
a family member, a close acquaintance, or a friend. The language used in an informal letter is
casual and personal.

What Is a Phrase? – Meaning and Types

A phrase is a part of a sentence which consists of a group of words that give more information
about the subject, action or event in a sentence. A phrase cannot stand on its own and will not
convey meaning if separated from the sentence. According to the kind of function it does, it can
be classified into various types and they include the following.

• Noun Phrase
• Verb Phrase
• Adverb/Adverbial Phrase
• Prepositional Phrase
• Adjective/Adjectival Phrase
What Is a Clause? – Meaning and Types

A clause is also a part of a sentence that consists of a subject and a verb, unlike phrases. They
can be divided into two main types depending on how they behave in a sentence. The different
types of clauses are:

• Main Clause or Independent Clause

• Subordinate Clause or Dependent Clause

Clause and types of clause

In grammar, a clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb. All sentences are
clauses, but not all clauses are sentences. This is because some clauses are independent, which
means they can stand alone as a complete thought.
These are the ones that may be a sentence. There are also dependent clauses, which do not
express a complete thought and are not sentences.
A dependent, or subordinate, clause contains a subject and a verb or verb phrase but does not
express a complete thought. As a result, it cannot stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clauses
can function either as noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses.
1.Adjective Clause An adjective clause is a dependent clause that, like an adjective, modifies a
noun or pronoun. Adjective clauses begin with words such as that, when, where, who, whom,
Adjective Clause Examples We’re going to the beach that I like the best. Mr. Jackson is the
teacher who helped me with my math problems. The bad weather is the reason why I decided to
drive instead of walk.
2.Noun Clause: A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. Noun clauses begin
with words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who,
whoever, whom, whomever, and why. Noun clauses can act as subjects, direct objects, indirect
objects, predicate nominatives, or objects of a preposition. Noun clause Examples: Whoever
thought of that idea is a genius. On weekends, we can do whatever we want. The focus of our
work is how we can satisfy customers most effectively.
3.Adverb Clause An adverb clause is a dependent clause that, like an adverb, modifies an
adjective, an adverb, or a verb or verb phrase. Adverb clauses begin with words such as after,
although, because, before, if, since, than, until, when, and while. Adverb Clause Examples;
When we went to the zoo, we saw a lion and a bear. Keiko’s report was the best because she did
the most research. Marcel will make a restaurant reservation when we choose a night to go.

Literary Devices & Figurative Language

Literary devices and figurative language are tools that an author uses to draw in the reader.
They help the reader to get a better understanding of what’s happening in a story or a poem.
Below are some definitions and examples of these types of literary devices and figurative
language.
Alliteration

Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words.

Example: My big brother bought a baseball.

Euphemism

A euphemism is a milder, less direct term that means the same thing as one that is considered
harsh, blunt, or offensive. Example: senior citizen

Flashback

A flashback interrupts the plot of a story and goes back to a past event. When a story is told in
flashbacks, it’s usually done to show how something or someone was before the story took
place.

Foreshadowing

Foreshadowing is where future events in a story, or sometimes the outcome, are suggested or
hinted to by the author before they happen.

Hyperbole

Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect.

Examples:

● This book weighs a ton.

● I could sleep for a year.

Idiom

An idiom is a speech form or an expression of a given language that is peculiar to itself

grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements.
Example: Don’t put your eggs in one basket!

Imagery

Imagery is an author’s use of descriptive and figurative language to create a picture in the
reader’s mind.

Irony
Dramatic irony – This occurs when the reader or audience understands more about the events of
a story than a character.

Verbal irony (Sarcasm) – A person or character says one thing but really means the opposite.

Metaphor

A metaphor states that one thing is something else. It is a comparison, but it DOES NOT use
“like” or “as” to make the comparison. Examples:
The river was a winding snake in the forest. This compares the river to a snake by stating that it
is a snake.
The pillow was a cloud when I put my head upon it after a long day. This compares the pillow
to a cloud by stating that the pillow is a cloud.

Onomatopoeia

Onomatopoeia is the formation or the use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the
objects or actions they refer to.
Examples: moo, buzz, splat

Personification

Personification is a figure of speech in which things are endowed with human qualities or are
represented as possessing human form.
Examples:

● a reference to thunder booming “angrily” personifies thunder by giving it emotion ●

a smiling moon

Repetition

Sometimes, writers want to make sure that you get the point of a certain sentence or idea, so he
or she repeats certain words or groups of words. Pay attention to words that are repeated.
Sometimes, repeated words can help you figure out what’s coming next in a piece of writing. A
repeated phrase or stanza is called a refrain .

Rhyme
Rhyme scheme is the repetition of the same or similar sounds in words. Many times writers and
poets repeat vowel sounds and ending sounds that appear close together. Example: The words
run and done rhyme with each other.

Simile
A simile is a comparison using “like” or “as.” It usually compares two dissimilar objects.
Examples:

The man was as tall as a tree. This compares the man to a tree.

The necklace around her neck swung like a pendulum on a clock. This compares a necklace to a
pendulum.

Symbolism

Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic

meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. Symbols can also have different,
but equally valid, meanings to different people.