1

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF RESIDENTS IN BARANGAY16,
QUILING NORTE, CITY OF BATAC, ILOCOS NORTE

LICAH ANGELIE V. RUBIO

THESIS PROPOSAL

Department of Environmental Science

College of Agriculture, Food Sand Sustainable Development
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
City of Batac, 2906 Ilocos Norte

January 2025
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LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF RESIDENTS IN BARANGAY16, QUILING
NORTE, CITY OF BATAC,
ILOCOS NORTE

Undergraduate thesis outline submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science,
Mariano Marcos State University, City of Batac, Ilocos Norte. College
Contribution No. . Department Contribution No. . Prepared under the
guidance of Mrs. Margaret Tadeja.

LICAH ANGELIE V. RUBIO

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Waste is referred to as useless materials or by-products that are discharged

from a biodegradable process or, from plants and animals (Abu Yazid et al., 2017).

Solid wastes is defined as any unwanted discarded material (idrenvironmental) which

includes the following: household items like food scraps, clothing, packaging, and

appliances (Municipal Solid Waste | Wastes | US EPA, ). Industrial wastes from

manufacturing processes (What Is Industrial Waste? , ). Agricultural wastes,

biomedical wastes, construction and demolition wastes like drywall, scraps, lumber,

and concretes (Abdel-Shafy and Mansour, 2018; Rajendran et al., 2021). Solid wastes

is not a new problem worldwide, but while it is an arising concern even way back

before, and with the numerous efforts in providing solutions to these issues, it seems

to be uncontrollable. Globally, the world generates 2.01 billion tons of municipal

solid
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Waste annually, and this is expected to increase to 3.40 billion tonnes by 2050. This

is more than double the population growth over the same period (World Bank, 2018).

In the Philippines, more than 20 years after the passage of RA 9003, solid waste

generation in the country has steadily increased from 9.07 million metric tons in 2000

to 16.63 million metric tons in 2020 (COA, 2023). Ten years ago, 2.9 billion urban

residents generated 0.64 kg of MSW per person per day. Today, 3 billion generate 1.2

kg per day, and by 2025, it's expected to reach 4.3 billion (Open Knowledge

Repository, n.d.)

With the continuous uprising of solid wastes in the country and increasing

diseases related to improper waste management (EMB, 2018), different municipalities

are adapting different solutions that would enhance their municipal wastes

managements. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal,

managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to material

produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their

effect on health, the environment o aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct

practiced from a resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of

consumption of natural resources. All waste material, whether they are solid, liquid,

gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of waste management.

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A dumpsite is an area where garbage is dumped without land preparation or the

absence of concern for what happens to neighboring communities or the underground

water table is not given attention. It is uncovered site used for disposal of waste

without Environmental controls. It can cause danger to lives of residing people and

environmental problems.

In the Solid Waste Management Status Report (2008-20180, the Philippines

faces a significant challenge in solid waste management due to rapid urbanization and

population growth, with a projected 18.05 million tons of waste by 2020 and 23.61

million tons by 2025, with daily waste generation varying based on lifestyle and

urbanization. The City of Batac, Ilocos Norte has a total land area of 16,106 hectares

or 4.71% of the province of Ilocos Norte. Within the 16,106 hectares of the 43

municipalities in the province. City of Batac rank 40 in the land area coverage with

the score of 39.98. Brgy. #16 Quiling Norte, City of Batac is one of the barangay that

strictly implementing solid waste management but within the City but despite this,

some of the residents still dispose wastes like used diapers, papers, plastics, bottles,

vegetable peel, street weeping such as falling leaves from trees. The proper

management should be instituted to bring about change in relation to waste

management and disposal, hence this study.

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The study explores relationship between knowledge, perception and practices

and factors influencing residents' perception and knowledge of solid waste

management in Barangay Quiling Norte, Batac Ilocos Norte,. The study seeks to

improve community solid waste management, environmental sustainability, and

cleanliness in Barangay Quiling Norte and neighboring regions by informing policies

and encouraging community.Engagement in responsible waste practices.

Understanding resident’s knowledge and habits in solid waste management is critical

for establishing successful interventions and educational programs. By examining the

relationship between people' knowledge, attitudes, and actions, this study adds to the

increasing body of information on solid waste management in the Philippines,

therefore improving environmental well-being.

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Engagement in responsible waste practices. Understanding resident’s knowledge and

habits in solid waste management is critical for establishing successful interventions

and educational programs. By examining the relationship between people' knowledge,

attitudes, and actions, this study adds to the increasing body of information on solid

waste management in the Philippines, therefore improving environmental well-being.

Statement of the Problem

Barangay Quilling Norte, in Batac, Ilocos Norte, was awarded as one of the

cleanest and greenest in 2021-2022 but understanding the elements that influence its

performance in solid waste management (SWM) is critical. To assure the continued

existence of these accomplishments, it is critical to look further into the variables that

contributed to their success. The purpose of this research is to determine the primary

drivers of successful waste management in the barangay and to identify areas for

improvement.

The study aims to uncover the main factors driving successful waste

management within the community and identify opportunities for improvement.

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Specifically it is aimed to:

1. To assess the level of knowledge among residents concerning proper

solid waste management techniques (segregation, recycling,

composting, disposal

2. To evaluate the common solid waste management practices employed

by residents (segregation methods, disposal frequency, waste disposal

sited used).

3. To analyze the statistical correlation between residents’ knowledge

scores, perception scores and their reported solid waste management

practices)

Significance of the Study

The study provides valuable insights into the relationship between resident

knowledge, perceptions, and solid waste management practices. The findings will

provide the:

Community: Barangay Quilling Norte officials gained an extensive knowledge of their current
solid waste management program, allowing them to guide future initiatives and identify areas for
improvement in community engagement and education.

Government Unit (LGU): The study can also be used as an example for other Barangays in
Ilocos Norte, providing lessons and examples of excellence for developing solid waste management
programs.
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Researchers:

The study emphasizes the significance of community involvement in solid waste management,
showing the dynamic interaction between knowledge, perception, and practice, and providing significant
insights for effective and sustainable waste management techniques.

The study improves residents understanding of environmental responsibility

and cleanliness in their barrio, generating a sense of communal ownership. It

contributes to the national conversation on sustainable practices by demonstrating a

successful model of community-based solid waste management, pushing other towns

to follow suit.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study investigates the relationship of knowledge, perception, and solid

waste management practices of residents in Barangay Quilling Norte, examining the

relationship between these aspects and the barangay’s environmental achievements.

The research is limited to Barangay Quiling Norte restricting the external validity of

the findings to other contexts. Data Collection relies on self-reported information,

primarily on self-reported information from sample of residents that is potentially

introducing bias. Despite these limitations, the findings offer valuable insights into

SWM practices within Barangay Quilling Norte

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Operational Definition of Terms

Agricultural waste. Refers to waste produced from agricultural operations.

Biodegradable. (Of a substance or object) capable of being decomposed by

bacteria or other living organisms.

Biomedical waste. Any waste containing infectious or potentially infectious materials.

Environment. Anything that surrounds us.

Environmental sustainability. The practice of interacting with the planet

responsibly. We do it to avoid depleting natural resources and compromising the

future generation’s ability to meet their daily needs.

Industrial waste. Waste produced by Human activity.

Knowledge. Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through

experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.

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Natural resources. Raw materials found on and below the Earth’s surface,

formed without human intervention.

Perception. The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through

the senses.

Practices. The actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method, as

opposed to theories relating to it.

Resource recovery. Using wastes as an input material to create valuable

products as new outputs.

Solid-waste management. Collecting, treating, and disposing of solid

material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful.

Waste generation. Refers to the process of producing waste materials as a

result of various human activities, including industrial production, consumption, and

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disposal practices.

Waste. Any substance that is discarded after primary use or is worthless,

defective, and of no use.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Solid Waste refers to all non-liquid wastes produced by human activity as well

as a variety of solid waste materials that result from a disaster. These include general

household waste, such as food scraps, ash, and packaging materials; human waste,

such as plastic water bottles and packaging from other emergency supplies; rubble

from the disaster; mud and slurry left behind by the natural disaster; and any trees or

rocks that are in the way of transportation or communications. Although not

addressed in this technical note, other specialized wastes, such as hospital medical

waste and industrial toxic waste, will also require immediate attention.

Chapter 1, article2, section 3 of Ecological Solid Waste management of the

Philippines(2002) states solid waste shall refer to all discarded household,

commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweeping,

construction debris, agriculture waste and other non-hazardous and non- toxic solid

waste.

Waste Management

Waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, disposal,

and monitoring of waste material produced by human activity to reduce their impact

on health, the environment, or aesthetics. The Republic Act no. 9003 kwon, also

known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, requires systematic

management of solid waste, including waste reduction at source, segregation for

recovery of re-usable recyclables and compostable materials, transportation, storage,

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Transfer, processing treatment, and disposal of solid waste, and all other waste

management activities that do not harm the environment. Waste management

involves a complex and wide range of occupation, health, and safety relations. The

original aim was to collect material, re-use valuable parts, and dispose of what was

left at the nearest site not used for agricultural purposes or building. Each type of

waste is characterized by its origin or product before becoming waste.

Ecological Solid Waste Management (EMSWM) is a systematic control and

handling of waste to ensure sanitary retrieval and safe disposal through waste

reduction, composting, recycling, re-use, and appropriate processing residuals without

harming the environment. This includes segregation at sources, segregated collection,

storage, transfer, passing, treatment, and safe disposal of solid waste. The Act

provides for a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management

program that utilizes environmentally sound methods to maximize resource utilization

and encourage resource conservation and recovery. It sets guidelines and targets for

solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste

minimization measures, including composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green

charcoal process, and others.

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Related Studies

According to Aderounmu et al. (2022), young individuals are actively

involved in solid waste management, and residents' consciousness of the damage

caused by pollution influences their level of preparedness for clean environments.

This knowledge is critical for maintaining a clean environment, and the study

indicates that waste management is everyone's responsibility, with government

commitment required

For enhanced economic development. In the study of Sultana et al. (2021) showed

that community members had a modest level of awareness and practice about

household solid waste management. The study also discovered that managing

recyclable waste had a strong correlation with better household solid waste

management practices.

The study of Kumar (2016), found that several factors significantly impact the

success of MSWM, including lack of legal policies, willingness to pay (WTP),

attitude, lack of training, and resource recycling. WTP had the highest correlation

value, indicating its strong influence on successful MSWM. However, lack of

training, awareness, poor collection, transportation, and disposal were negatively

related to successful MSWM, suggesting that improving these areas could enhance its

effectiveness. According to the study of Jusoh et al. (2018) , respondents had high

knowledge scores about managing household solid waste, with moderate social

influences influencing waste management behaviors.

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They also showed positive attitudes and actively participated in waste

management activities, with significant relationships between knowledge, attitude,

and subjective norms.

Based on the study of Addo et al. (2017), several variables were shown to be

important predictors of waste management behaviors, including gender, household

size, recycling practices, and distance to dump locations. Female respondents and

larger households were less likely to manage garbage properly. Lazo and Gasparatos'

(2021) study found that both positive and negative household solid waste

management techniques are common. Attitudes, knowledge, and awareness have

a favorable

Influence on source separation and recyclable contribution. Income and location are

important considerations for selling recyclables and using drop-off facilities.

Satisfaction with municipal solid waste management services has a negative impact

on unlawful dumping and backyard burning, with households farther from the city

center being more likely to engage in these harmful behaviors.

Seng et al. (2018), higher education levels and knowledge of health effects

positively influence awareness of waste problems. Income is a significant economic

factor influencing knowledge and attitudes toward waste management. Residents who

are aware of waste management problems are dissatisfied with current waste

management and collection services. There is a strong negative relationship between

household income and the amount of solid waste segregation and there is a poor link

between educational level and the practice of solid waste segregation, showing that
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educational level has little influence on trash segregation practices in the Lokoja

metropolitan (Balogun, 2022b). The amount of waste generated is positively

correlated with population size, with larger populations producing more waste.

Environmental education and training can enhance awareness of recycling and

waste reduction. Traditional and national cultures, consumption habits, household

income, and industry types also influence waste composition. Rural areas in China

have a Kuznets inverted "U" curve relationship with waste generation. Geography

and climate also impact waste characteristics (Han et al., 2017).

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a framework that explains the

relationship between knowledge, perception, and behavior (practices). It suggests that

behavior is influenced by intentions, which are shaped by three factors: attitudes,

subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Attitudes are influenced by

knowledge, which leads to positive attitudes towards proper social work (SWM).

Subjective norms reflect community expectations, with positive perceptions resulting

in stronger norms favoring proper SWM. Perceived behavioral control is influenced

by residents' beliefs about their ability to engage in proper SWM. The study aims to

test whether this relationship holds true in Barangay Lang-ayan, providing a deeper

understanding of the psychological factors driving SWM behavior.

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Hypothesis of the Study

Based on the conceptual framework of the study, the following hypothesis will be

Tested:

1. There is a significant relationship between residents; knowledge and

perception to their solid waste management practices

2. There is no significant relationship between residents; knowledge and

perception to their solid waste management practices.

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Conceptual Framework

Dependent Variables
Independent Variables
Resident’s Perception
Of SWM

Resident’s SWM
Practices Hypothesis
testing
Resident’s Knowledge
of SWM

This conceptual framework aims to understand the relationship between

residents' knowledge and perceptions of solid waste management (SWM) and their

actual SWM practices in Barangay Quiling Norte, Ilocos Norte. The framework

identifies key variables and their potential interactions, providing a structured

approach to investigate the factors influencing effective waste management within the

community. The diagram shows a model where resident’s knowledge and perception

of SWM are the independent variables, influencing the SWM practices which is the

dependent variable. The arrows indicate that both knowledge and perceptions are

hypothesized to impact actual SWM practices. Hypothesis testing will determine if a

significant relationship exists. This framework directly addresses the study's

objectives: assessing knowledge and perception (1), evaluating practices (2), and

analyzing correlations (3).

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METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study

Fig.1. Map showing the locale of the study

The study will be conducted in Barangays #16 Quiling Norte. This barangay is

located in the center of the City of Batac. The City of Batac is a Third class

component city in the province of Ilocos Norte. It has a total population of 1,330 with

337 household (2020). The City of Batac is located in the province of Ilocos Norte, in

the northern part of Luzon, Philippines. Geographically, it is situated at

approximately 18.0556° N latitude and 120.5644° E longitude. The city lies at an

elevation of about 20 meters (65.6 feet) above sea level. Batac is known for its rich

cultural heritage, historical landmarks, and agricultural economy. It is surrounded by

picturesque landscapes, including rolling hills and fertile plains, making it an ideal

location for farming and agriculture. The city is accessible via the Pan-Philippine

Highway, making it a convenient destination for travelers and tourists. Batac is

also home to several

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Educational institutions, including the Mariano Marcos State University, which

contributes to the city's vibrant academic community. The study will be conducted

specifically in Baranagy #16 Quilling Norte, City of Batac, Ilocos Norte because it

was awarded as 2nd runner up in the cleanest and greenest rural barangay category

2021-2022 and a seal of good local governance holder in 2021-2022.

Research Design

This descriptive study will explore the knowledge, perception, and solid waste

management (SWM) practices of residents in Barangay Quilling Norte, City of Batac

Ilocos Norte using a quantitative approach. The research scheme will involve several

key phases. Structured questionnaire will be developed and carefully tested for

validity and reliability. The questionnaire will contain items designed to measure

residents’ knowledge of Solid Waste Management, their perceptions of Solid waste

Management and Self-reported Solid Waste Management Practices. A representative

sample of residents will be selected using a simple random sampling technique to

ensure the inclusion of diverse demographic groups within the barangay. The

questionnaire will be administered to the selected participants through survey. Data

analysis will involve descriptive analysis to summarize the findings and inferential

statistics to identify relationships between knowledge, perception, and practices.

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A descriptive, non-cross- sectional with a quantitative approach was chosen

because the primary goal is to systematically describe the current state of Solid Waste

Management knowledge, perception and practices within Barangay Quilling Norte.

This approach allows for efficient data collection and statistical analysis, providing a

clear and concise picture of the situation. The rationale is to generate quantifiable data

that can be used to identify key areas needing improvement and to establish a baseline

for future monitoring and evaluating of Solid Waste Management programs or

interventions. The quantitative approach ensures objectivity and allows for

generalizable findings within the specific context of Barangay Quilling Norte.

Variables of the Study

This study examines the relationship between residents’ knowledge and

perception of solid waste management (SWM) and their SWM practices in Barangay

Quiling Norte City of Batac, Ilocos Norte. The research utilizes a quantitative

approach, employing a structured questionnaire for data collection. The variables are

categorized as independent and dependent variable.

Independent Variables: These variables are hypothesized to influence the dependent

variables (SWM practices).

1. Knowledge of Solid Waste Management (KSWM): This variables measures

residents’ understanding of Solid Waste Management (SWM) principles,

techniques, and regulations.

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A validated questionnaire will assess knowledge using a Likert Scale

questionnaire questions covering aspect such as waste segregation, recycling

methods, proper disposal techniques, and relevant local ordinances. The combined

score will represent the level of knowledge.

Perception of Solid Waste Management (PSWM): This variable measures

residents’ attitudes, belief, and opinions regarding SWM. A Likert-Scale

questionnaire will gauge perceptions on the importance of SWM,Satisfaction with

existing services, perceived effectiveness of different methods, and personal

responsibility towards waste management. A combined score will represent the

level of positive perception.

Dependent Variable: This is the outcome you are trying to explain or predict.

1. Solid Waste Management Practices (SWMP): This measures residents

‘actual SWM practices. The questionnaire will assess waste segregation

(Frequency), and recycling (Frequency). A combined score will represent the

overall level of SWM practices.

The analysis will examine the direct relationship between KSWM & PSWM on

SWMP, on this relationship using correlation analysis

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Variables of the Study

This study examines the relationship between residents’ knowledge and

perception of solid waste management (SWM) and their SWM practices in Barangay

Quiling Norte City of Batac, Ilocos Norte. The research utilizes a quantitative

approach, employing a structured questionnaire for data collection. The variables are

categorized as independent and dependent variable.

Independent Variables: These variables are hypothesized to influence the dependent

variables (SWM practices).

2. Knowledge of Solid Waste Management (KSWM): This variables measures

residents’ understanding of Solid Waste Management (SWM) principles,

techniques, and regulations. A validated questionnaire will assess knowledge

using a Likert Scale questionnaire questions covering aspect such as waste

segregation, recycling methods, proper disposal techniques, and relevant local

ordinances. The combined score will represent the level of knowledge.

Perception of Solid Waste Management (PSWM): This variable measures

residents’ attitudes, belief, and opinions regarding SWM. A Likert-Scale

questionnaire will gauge perceptions on the importance of SWM, Satisfaction

with existing services, perceived effectiveness of different methods, and personal

responsibility towards waste management. A combined score will represent the

level of positive perception.

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Dependent Variable: This is the outcome you are trying to explain or predict.

1. Solid Waste Management Practices(SWMP): This measures residents’

actual SWM practices. The questionnaire will assess waste segregation

(Frequency), and recycling (Frequency). A combined score will represent

the overall level of SWM practices.

The analysis will examine the direct relationship between KSWM & PSWM on

SWMP, on this relationship using correlation analysis.

Population and Sample Size

The population for this study is all residents of Barangay Quilling Norte ages

from 15 to 80 and above. The sample sized will be determined using Slovin’s

formula, which requires the total population size (N) and a desired margin of error (e).

The total number of residents (N) will be obtained from official barangay. The total

population of barangay Quilling Norte from 15 to 80 and above is 982. A common

margin of error is 5% (0.05). Slovin’s formula is: n= N / (1+Ne2). Substituting the

values, n = 982 / (1+ 982 * 0.05(2)) = 284. Therefore, approximately 284 residents

will be selected for the sample. Simple random sampling (Probability Sampling

Method) will be used to ensure each residents in Barangay Quilling Norte has an

equal chance of being selected. This will involve obtaining a complete list of

residents from barangay records and using a random number generator to select the

284 participants.
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This method aims for an unbiased and representative sample, allowing for

generalization of the findings to the entire population.

Research Instruments

This study will employ a quantitative research design using a survey

questionnaire as the primary research instrument to gather data on the knowledge,

perception and solid waste management (SWM) practices of residents in Barangay

Quiling Norte City of Batac, Ilocos Norte. The questionnaire will consist of the five

(5) main sections:

Section 1: Demographic and Socio-economic Profile. This section will collect

descriptive data on the respondents’ background characteristics. It will include

questions on: Age (Open-ended or categorized into age ranges), Gender:

(Female/Male), Educational Attainment: Categorized into levels. Occupation:

(Open-ended or categorized into occupational groups), Household size: (Number of

people living in the household), Monthly household income: (Categorized into

income ranges). Years of existence in Barangay Quiling Norte: (Open-ended),

Homeownership: (Own/Rent).
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Section 2: Knowledge of Solid Waste Management (KSWM). This section assess

respondents’ knowledge of SWM principles and practices. It will employ a Likert

Scale question type. These will assess knowledge of specific facts and regulations

related of specific facts and regulations related to SWM. (e.g., 1-5 scale, where 1 =

Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree,5 = Strongly Agree ) for

each Statement.

Section 3: Perception of Solid Waste Management (PSWM). This section will

measure respondents’ attitudes, beliefs, and opinions towards SWM. It will utilize a

Likert scale (e.g., 1-5 scale, where 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral,

4 = Agree,5 = Strongly Agree ) for each Statement.

Section 4: Solid Waste Management Practices (SWMP). This section will assess

respondents’ actual SWM practices. It will employ a Likert Scale question type.

(e.g., 1-5 scale, where 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree,5

= Strongly Agree ) for each Statement.

The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize the

findings and inferential statistics to examine the relationship between knowledge,

perception, and SWM practices. Hypothesis 1 and 2: will be using correlation

analysis to examine the relationship between knowledge (Section 2), perception

(Section 3), and practices (Section 4) scores.

Before administering the survey to the entire sample, a pre-testing will be conducted

on a smaller group of residents to identify any uncertain inconsistencies, or

difficulties in understanding the questions. This will ensure the reliability and validity
 27
of

The instrument. The pre-testing result will be used to refine the questionnaire before

the main data collection.

Data Gathering Procedure

The gathering procedure will utilize a printed questionnaire survey to collect

descriptive and quantitative data. The process will be conducted in Three Phases:

Phase 1. Preparation (2 weeks): This phase involves finalizing the

questionnaire, ensuring clarity and conducting a pre-testing with a small group of

residents to clarify any uncertain or areas for improvement. Ethical approvals will be

secured, including informed consent procedure. The target population (284) will be

defined and a suitable sample size determined using appropriate statistical methods

(Slovin Formula). A sampling strategy (Simple Random Sampling) will be

implemented to ensure representation across different demographic groups.

Coordination with barangay officials will facilitate access to residents. Sufficient

printed questionnaires will be prepared, along with clear instructions and any

necessary materials.
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Phase 2. Data Collection (4-6 weeks): Researcher will personally distribute and

collect the completed printed questionnaires from the selected sample of residents.

This face to face approach allows for clarification of any questions and ensure higher

response rates. A system for tracking the distribution and return of questionnaire will

be implemented to monitor progress and identify any missing responses. Data quality

will be monitored throughout the collection process, addressing any inconsistencies

or incomplete responses as they arise. The duration of this phase depends on the size

of the sample and accessibility of the respondents.

Phase 3, Data Analysis (2 to 3 weeks): Once all questionnaires are collected,

the data will be carefully checked for completeness and accuracy. Data entry will be

performed using a standardized system (Spreadsheet/Excel), ensuring data integrity.

Descriptive Statistics (Frequencies, means, standard) will be used to summarize the

data, while interferential statistics (correlations) will be employed to analyze

relationship between variables.

Duration: The total study duration is estimated to be 8-10 weeks,

encompassing preparation, data collection, and analysis. This timeframe can be

adjusted based on the complexity of the data analysis. Maintaining detailed records of

each step is crucial for ensuring the study’s rigor and reproducibility.

Data Analysis

The data analysis will involve both descriptive and inferential statistical
 29
techniques to analyze the data collected through a printed questionnaire survey. The

analysis will proceed in several steps:

Data Cleaning and Preparation: The first steps involves thoroughly checking

the collected questionnaires for completeness and accuracy. Any inconsistencies or

missing data will be addressed, potentially through exclusion depending on the extent

of the missing data. The data will then be coded and entered into a statistical software

(Spreadsheet/Excel). Data transformation might be necessary to ensure the data meets

the assumptions of the chosen statistical tests.

Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the

demographic characteristics of the respondents (Age, Gender, Occupation, etc)

and to describe the knowledge, perception and practices related to solid waste

managementThis will involve calculating frequencies, percentages, means,

standard deviations, and potentially creating tables and graphs to visually

represent the data.

Inferential Statistics: Inferential Statistic will be used to test hypothesis and

examine relationship between variables. The specific test that will be used is

Correlational Analysis: To determine the relationship between knowledge and

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perception level, and waste management practices.

Interpretation and Reporting: The result of the statistical analysis will be

interpreted in the context of the research questions and the existing literature on solid

waste management. The findings will be presented clearly and concisely in tables,

figures and text, highlighting key findings and their implications for improving solid

waste management practices in Barangay Quiling Norte.

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