Transaction Management
3.4 Making Use of Transactions
3.4.1 Conditionally Committing or Rolling Back
Objective: Learn how to conditionally commit or roll back transactions based
on specific conditions.
Example 1: Conditionally Committing a Transaction
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
DECLARE @TransactionSuccess BIT;
SET @TransactionSuccess = 1;
-- Perform some operations
UPDATE Accounts SET Balance = Balance - 100 WHERE AccountID = 1;
IF @@ERROR <> 0 SET @TransactionSuccess = 0;
UPDATE Accounts SET Balance = Balance + 100 WHERE AccountID = 2;
IF @@ERROR <> 0 SET @TransactionSuccess = 0;
-- Check condition and commit or rollback
IF @TransactionSuccess = 1
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
ELSE
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
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Example 2: Conditionally Rolling Back a Transaction with Error Message
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRY
-- Perform some operations
UPDATE Accounts SET Balance = Balance - 100 WHERE AccountID = 1;
UPDATE Accounts SET Balance = Balance + 100 WHERE AccountID = 2;
-- Commit the transaction if no errors
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Rollback the transaction in case of error
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
PRINT 'Error occurred, transaction rolled back';
END CATCH;
3.4.2 Transactions with Error Handlers
Objective: Implement transactions with advanced error handling to ensure data
integrity.
Example 1: Using TRY...CATCH for Error Handling
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRY
-- Perform some operations
INSERT INTO Orders (CustomerID, OrderDate) VALUES (1, GETDATE());
INSERT INTO OrderDetails (OrderID, ProductID, Quantity) VALUES
(SCOPE_IDENTITY(), 1, 10);
-- Commit the transaction if no errors
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Rollback the transaction in case of error
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
PRINT 'Error occurred, transaction rolled back: ' +
ERROR_MESSAGE();
END CATCH;
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Example 2: Nested TRY...CATCH for Detailed Error Handling
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRY
-- Perform some operations
INSERT INTO Orders (CustomerID, OrderDate) VALUES (1,
GETDATE());
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Handle errors for Orders table
PRINT 'Error occurred in Orders table: ' + ERROR_MESSAGE();
THROW;
END CATCH;
BEGIN TRY
-- Perform some operations
INSERT INTO OrderDetails (OrderID, ProductID, Quantity) VALUES
(SCOPE_IDENTITY(), 1, 10);
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Handle errors for OrderDetails table
PRINT 'Error occurred in OrderDetails table: ' +
ERROR_MESSAGE();
THROW;
END CATCH;
-- Commit the transaction if no errors
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Rollback the transaction in case of error
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
PRINT 'Transaction rolled back due to errors';
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END CATCH;
3.4.3 Automatic Rollback
Objective: Implement automatic rollback in transactions to ensure data
consistency.
Example 1: Automatic Rollback with SET XACT_ABORT
SET XACT_ABORT ON;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRY
-- Perform some operations
UPDATE Products SET Quantity = Quantity - 10 WHERE ProductID = 1;
-- Intentionally cause an error
INSERT INTO Products (ProductID, ProductName) VALUES (1, 'Duplicate
Product');
-- Commit the transaction
COMMIT TRANSACTION
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Automatically rollback the transaction
PRINT 'Error occurred, transaction rolled back: ' + ERROR_MESSAGE();
END CATCH;
Example 2: Ensuring Automatic Rollback in Complsex Transactions
SET XACT_ABORT ON;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRY
-- Perform multiple operations
DELETE FROM Inventory WHERE ProductID = 1;
INSERT INTO Inventory (ProductID, Quantity) VALUES (1, 50);
-- Commit the transaction
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Automatically rollback the transaction
PRINT 'Transaction rolled back due to error: ' + ERROR_MESSAGE();
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END CATCH;
Nested Transactions
Objective: Learn to manage nested transactions and ensure proper rollback
or commit in nested scenarios.
Example 1: Simple Nested Transactions
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRY
-- Outer transaction
UPDATE Customers SET Status = 'Active' WHERE CustomerID = 1;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-- Inner transaction
BEGIN TRY
INSERT INTO Orders (CustomerID, OrderDate) VALUES (1,
GETDATE());
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Rollback inner transaction
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
PRINT 'Inner transaction rolled back';
THROW;
END CATCH;
-- Commit outer transaction
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Rollback outer transaction
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
PRINT 'Outer transaction rolled back: ' + ERROR_MESSAGE();
END CATCH;
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Example 2: Nested Transactions with Save points
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRY
-- Outer transaction
UPDATE Products SET Quantity = Quantity - 10 WHERE ProductID = 1;
-- Savepoint
SAVE TRANSACTION SavePoint1;
BEGIN TRY
-- Inner transaction
INSERT INTO Inventory (ProductID, Quantity) VALUES (1, 50);
-- Commit only if no errors
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Rollback to savepoint on error
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION SavePoint1;
PRINT 'Inner transaction rolled back to SavePoint1';
THROW;
END CATCH;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- Rollback outer transaction
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
PRINT 'Outer transaction rolled back: ' +
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