Poems Analysis
Poems Analysis
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read The features of the ruler
remain imprinted upon
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, lifeless objects (statue), even
The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed; though the ruler and the
sculptor are now dead.
And on the pedestal, these words appear:
Irony - The civilization has been When juxtaposed with the
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
erased out of existence by description of what lay around
nature and time “Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!” the broken statue, the ironic truth
in relation to these boasts is
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
revealed. The words are used to
Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare demonstrate that the ruler is no
longer powerful. The ‘lone and
The lone and level sands stretch far away. level’ sands (a metaphor for the
Notes: sands of time) remains, and has
brought the powerful ruler down.
Rhyme scheme – ABAB with base as iambic pentameter
Octet from Shakesperean sonnet and sestet from Petrarchan sonnet
Entire poem based on visual imagery.
Overlying message – Everyone thinks they are powerful and supreme; however, power is transitory and changes
with time. Nature is the most supreme and can erase anything with time.
Poem can be considered an allegory to the King ruling during Shelley’s time.
Themes – Power is transitory, Inevitability of time and downfall, Irony.
In the phase of time and Nature, Ozymandias’ boasts seem pathetic.
1
ON FINDING A SMALL FLY CRUSHED IN A BOOK – Charles Tennyson Turner
Unfortunate fate of a fly that has Some hand, that never meant to do thee hurt,
been accidentally crushed in a
book. Sense of pity and innocence. Has crushed thee here between these pages pent;
But thou has left thine own fair monument, Left a mark or a symbol of its existence
The wings serve as a reminder of what Thy wings gleam out and tell me what thou wert:
the fly once was, which evokes a sense Speaker yearns for human “memories”
of admiration for the inherent beauty Oh! that the memories, that survive us here,
to be as beautiful and lasting as the
of nature’s creations Were half as lovely as these wings of thine. wings of the fly, highlighting a desire
for a more profound legacy.
Pure relics of a blameless life, that shine
A sense of mortality or inevitability
that all living beings will die. Now thou art gone: Our doom is ever near:
introduces an element of uncertainty,
The peril is beside us day by day; acknowledging that death is a possibility
that looms over every individual.
Just as man is driven toward his The book will close upon us, it may be,
aspirations, death may befall him. Just as we lift ourselves to soar away
Humans unlike the fly may perish
without a legacy. The “page of Upon the summer airs. But, unlike thee,
Metaphor to death
death” symbolizes the finalty of The closing book may stop our vital breath,
human mortality without an Metaphor to legacy
impression Yet leave no lustre on our page of death.
Notes:
2
RAIN – Edward Thomas
The darkness of "midnight" might
remind him of the darkness of death
A very rainy night, one that makes Rain, midnight rain, nothing but the wild rain
the speaker feel lonely and somber.
On this bleak hut, and solitude, and me The speaker observes how it will
As the speaker listens to the rainfall,
continue to rain even after he is
he thinks about his own inevitable Remembering again that I shall die dead. He acknowledges how the
death
rain has made him “cleaner” than
And neither hear the rain nor give it thanks
he has ever been. This could
For washing me cleaner than I have been symbolize washing away of sin.
Describes the loneliness that a soldier
feels when they are on the battlefield Since I was born into this solitude.
Suggests that the rain falling on
Blessed are the dead that the rain rains upon: them is a form of purification.
The speaker expresses concern But here I pray that none whom once I loved This imagery evokes a sense of
for the living as he prays for peace and serenity
those he “loved”. Is dying tonight or lying still awake
Notes:
3
FROM LONG DISTANCE – Tony Harrison
Despite her absence, he continues
The father’s actions of keeping to carry out tasks that were once a
the mother’s slippers warm by Though my mother was already two years dead part of their shared life together
the gas and placing hot water Dad kept her slippers warming by the gas,
bottles on her side of the bed These actions highlight the father’s
put hot water bottles her side of the bed
are symbolic gestures of struggle to come to terms with his loss
and still went to renew her transport pass.
remembrance and care and the difficulty of adjusting to life
without his beloved wife
The speaker describes how the You couldn't just drop in. You had to phone.
father would delay visitors by an “look alone” suggests a sense of
He'd put you off an hour to give him time isolation and grief, as the father
hour to use the time to “clear to clear away her things and look alone
away her things”. grapples with the loss of his wife.
as though his still raw love were such a crime.
The speaker implies that the father feels a sense of shame or guilt about his grief, referring to it as “such a crime”.
Despite the speaker’s longing to I believe life ends with death, and that is all. The speaker grapples with
reach out and connect with the finality of death and the
You haven't both gone shopping; just the same,
them, the number is enduring presence of his
in my new black leather phone book there's your name
disconnected, symbolising the mother and father, now
and the disconnected number I still call.
impossibility of communication both deceased.
or connection with the dead. At the end of the poem, the speaker
realises that he is grieving in the same
illogical way that his father was grieving
Notes:
The poem captures the complexity of grief and the ways in which individuals navigate their emotions in the
aftermath of loss
Themes: Death and Grief, Enduring Love
Rhyme scheme – ABAB ABAB ABAB ABBA
Last stanza has varying rhyme scheme since the poem comes to present tense and the poet is grieving his father
and realises that he too is mourning for his father like his father.
4
FUNERAL BLUES – W.H.Auden
Symbolizes parties and celebration. Asking to stop time itself.
The poem begins with the Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone,
Stop the constant stream of
speaker making a series of Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone,
interruptions and information
urgent requests. Many of Silence the pianos and with muffled drum
these requests are symbolic. Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come. asking for a moment of peace and
stillness
The speaker is heartbroken, and Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead Wants the news of his loved
the world seems indifferent to Scribbling on the sky the message 'He is Dead'. one’s passing to be broadcast
the speaker’s grief. The speaker Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves,
feels isolated. Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves.
Colours associated with
mourning, grief and death.
Metaphor to suggest that the He was my North, my South, my East and West,
speaker has lost all sense of My working week and my Sunday rest, Emphasises how the speaker’s
direction with the death. My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song; life revolved entirely around
I thought that love would last forever: I was wrong. the presence of the deceased
Metaphorically suggesting
The stars are not wanted now; put out every one,
that even the stars, which are
Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun, Implies a desire to extinguish
often associated with beauty,
Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood; all sources of light and hope.
wonder and guidance, are
For nothing now can ever come to any good.
irrelevant and unwelcome in
the wake of his loss.
Hyperbolic language to highlight Cannot envision any possibility of
the magnitude of their loss happiness or goodness in the future
Notes:
Themes –
Grief and Loss: The poem captures the deep sorrow of losing a loved one, highlighting the emptiness and
despair that follows their death.
Love and Mourning: It emphasizes the idea that love is central to the speaker's existence; without it, life loses its
meaning.
Isolation: The speaker feels isolated in their grief, suggesting that the world continues to move on while they are
trapped in mourning.
The poem is written in four quatrains, using a regular rhyme scheme (AABB), which contributes to its rhythmic
quality.
Use of imagery and metaphors
The tone is mournful and somber, reflecting the speaker's deep anguish.
Strong desires and imperitives
5
HE NEVER EXPECTED MUCH – Thomas Hardy
The speaker looks back on their past Upon the leaze and watch the sky,
with a mixture of nostalgia and Never, I own, expected I
acceptance of life’s disappointments
That life would all be fair.
Repetition - underscores the 'Twas then you said, and since have said, personifies nature, attributing it the
significance of the message ability to speak
conveyed by nature. Times since have said,
Notes:
6
Contrast between “cold” and “heat”
to highlight the difference between THE MAN WITH NIGHT SWEATS – Thom Gunn
his past and present self
Negative connotation as it could symbolise fear, loneliness and panic.
Mourns victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic Symbolise vigour and passion as well
I wake up cold, I who
(including a number of Gunn's friends). The as the literal effects of a fever
Prospered through dreams of heat
speaker is experiencing night sweats as a
Wake to their residue,
common symptom of AIDS. Metaphor suggests that the speaker’s
Sweat, and a clinging sheet.
Emphasises the lasting impact of the physical body was a protective barrier
dreams on the speaker. Sense of unease My flesh was its own shield: that shielded them from harm or injury.
and discomfort caused by the illness. Where it was gashed, it healed. The imagery of a shield conveys a sense
of strength and resilience.
Speaker navigated the complexities of their I grew as I explored
physical and emotional experiences. The body I could trust Willingness to embrace challenges even
Even while I adored as they acknowledge the potential for
Speaker’s former resilience and willingness The risk that made robust, danger or harm
to confront challenges head-on. Reflects
the speaker’s excitement and youth A world of wonders in The speaker faced physical and emotional
Each challenge to the skin. challenges in the vast world.
Highlights how fragile and vulnerable their body
has become. The metaphor of the “shield” being I cannot but be sorry
“cracked” suggests that the body’s defences The given shield was cracked, convey in a sombre and introspective
have been compromised and weakened My mind reduced to hurry, tone as the speaker grapples with the
My flesh reduced and wrecked. physical and emotional challenges of
The speaker is unable to complete the practical illness:
task of changing the bedsheets and is caught up I have to change the bed, The speaker describes hugging their
in his own turmoil. But catch myself instead body and the word “shield” is used in
an attempt to protect themselves from
This stanza reveals how the speaker is no longer Stopped upright where I am anticipated “pains” or discomfort. This
“robust” and that his attempts to “shield” Hugging my body to me imagery highlights the vulnerability and
himself from “the pains” are futile. As if to shield it from fragility of the speaker’s physical and
The pains that will go through me, emotional state
Suggests a monumental and unstoppable force that
threatens to overwhelm the speaker. It implies that As if hands were enough
the speaker feels powerless and overwhelmed by the To hold an avalanche off.
pain and challenge they face
Notes:
Mortality and Illness: Confronts death, disease, and the fragility of life.
Love and Loss: Explores love’s connection to grief and impermanence.
Stoic Resilience: Tone combines sorrow with quiet strength and acceptance.
Isolation and Anxiety: Mood reflects loneliness, fear, and disconnection from others.
Body Language: Vivid, tactile language focuses on physicality and illness.
Direct Diction: Blunt, unadorned language emphasizes raw, unflinching truth.
Imagery and Symbolism: Uses decay, sweat, and disease to symbolize vulnerability and mortality.
7
He is listing the objects around NIGHT SWEAT – Robert Lowell
The poet is in turmoil and has a
him, but the frequent use Work-table, litter, books and standing lamp, creative block.
of caesura suggests that his
thoughts are fragmented and plain things, my stalled equipment, the old broom---
hurried. The poet is suffering The tidied room serves as a symbol of
but I am living in a tidied room,
from writer’s block. order and control, which juxtaposes
for ten nights now I've felt the creeping damp the poet’s inner turmoil.
The poet uses the verbs, "wilted" and float over my pajamas' wilted white . . .
Vivid sensory imagery, which evokes a
"embalms" to evoke an image of death.
Sweet salt embalms me and my head is wet, sense of discomfort and unease.
The use of the phrase “life’s fever” could
be a metaphor for the poet’s ambition everything streams and tells me this is right; The poet’s life is his writing and that it
and could highlight the poet’s internal my life's fever is soaking in night sweat--- has become an important part of his
anxieties in relation to their writing. identity
one life, one writing! But the downward glide
and bias of existing wrings us dry---
The “child” could also be a metaphor
Anaphora - The repetition of this
always inside me is the child who died, for his creative work and its “will to
phrase could suggest that he is
always inside me is his will to die--- die” could suggest his internal conflict.
haunted by this metaphoric child.
one universe, one body . . . in this urn
Containment of primal impulses
The use of the short sentences
the animal night sweats of the spirit burn.
suggests that the poet is beginning
to wake from a feverish nightmare. Behind me! You! Again I feel the light Suggests that the speaker is
struggling to pull himself out of the
lighten my leaded eyelids, while the gray
highlight the physical impact that the darkness of the inner turmoil and
“night sweats” have had on the poet skulled horses whinny for the soot of night. anxieties he experiences at night
I dabble in the dapple of the day,
The vivid imagery conveys the physical This metaphor suggests an intense
discomfort and vulnerability of the a heap of wet clothes, seamy, shivering, burst of energy or creativity within
speaker after the night sweats, implying I see my flesh and bedding washed with light, the speaker that is “exploding” from
that the effects of it are still lingering the intense “light”
my child exploding into dynamite,
Addresses his wife directly, which my wife . . . your lightness alters everything, The “lightness” of his wife could
suggests that her presence has a counteract the “black” darkness that
and tears the black web from the spider's sack,
transformative effect on him the spider represents.
as your heart hops and flutters like a hare.
There is a shift in tone as the poet The deep emotional bond. Sense of
Poor turtle, tortoise, if I cannot clear
expresses his guilt over his wife having intimacy and affection
to support him emotionally. the surface of these troubled waters here,
absolve me, help me, Dear Heart, as you bear Symbolises the burdens and
Sense of humility and vulnerability as responsibilities that his
the speaker acknowledges their own this world's dead weight and cycle on your back.
partner has to carry in life
limitations and seeks support her.
8
THE PLANNERS – Boey Kim Cheng
The “Planners” meticulously plan Intend to impose a systematic
and construct urban spaces arrangement on the environment
They plan. They build. All spaces are gridded,
A deliberate effort to create a sense of filled with permutations of possibilities. potential for variation and
order and coherence. The buildings are in alignment with the roads diversity within the seemingly
which meet at desired points uniform urban landscape.
the relentless pursuit of growth and linked by bridges all hang
Everything is working seamlessly
expansion and the determination of in the grace of mathematics.
as how it should be
the Planners in shaping the landscape. They build and will not stop.
Even the sea draws back implied that the natural world was at war
The Planners desire to create a pristine and and the skies surrender. with manmade materials.
flawless urban landscape They erase the flaws,
the blemishes of the past, knock off sense of precision and skill in the
useless blocks with dental dexterity. Planners’ actions
Conveys a sense of brightness and artificiality
All gaps are plugged
and the choice of “gold” as a filling suggests a
with gleaming gold.
desire to create a sense of luxury and grandeur.
The country wears perfect rows highlights how the Planners
The terminology used evokes a sense of of shining teeth. prioritise appearance and style
detachment and disconnection from reality, Anaesthesia, amnesia, hypnosis.
highlighting the ways in which the Planners They have the means.
attempt to shape public perception and They have it all so it will not hurt,
memory to fit their own agenda so history is new again.
The piling will not stop.
underscores the sense of
The drilling goes right through
inevitablility and determination
the fossils of last century.
driving the Planners
Concludes with the dehumanising effects of But my heart would not bleed
urban development, which can stifle creativity poetry. Not a single drop
and emotional expression in its relentless to stain the blueprint
pursuit of growth and expansion of our past’s tomorrow.
9
THE CITY PLANNERS – Margaret Atwood
10
AWAY, MELANCHOLY – Stevie Smith
11
REQUEST TO A YEAR – Judith Wright
12
THE SPIRIT IS TOO BLUNT AN INSTRUMENT – Anne Stevenson
13
THE TELEPHONE CALL – Fleur Adcock
They asked me 'Are you sitting down? Relax, now, have a little cry;
Right? This is Universal Lotteries,' we'll give you a moment . . .' 'Hang on!' I
they said. 'You've won the top prize, said.
the Ultra-super Global Special. 'I haven't bought a lottery ticket
What would you do with a million pounds? for years and years. And what did you say
Or, actually, with more than a million— the company's called?' They laughed again.
not that it makes a lot of difference 'Not to worry about a ticket.
once you're a millionaire.' And they We're Universal. We operate
laughed. a Retrospective Chances Module.
'Are you OK?' they asked—'Still there? Nearly everyone's bought a ticket
Come on, now, tell us, how does it feel?' in some lottery or another,
I said 'I just . . . I can't believe it!' once at least. We buy up the files,
They said 'That's what they all say. feed the names into our computer,
What else? Go on, tell us about it.' and see who the lucky person is.'
I said 'I feel the top of my head 'Well, that's incredible,' I said.
has floated off, out through the window, 'It's marvellous. I still can't quite . . .
revolving like a flying saucer.' I'll believe it when I see the cheque.'
'That's unusual,' they said. 'Go on.' 'Oh,' they said, 'there is no cheque.'
I said 'I'm finding it hard to talk. 'But the money?' 'We don't deal in money.
My throat's gone dry, my nose is tingling. Experiences are what we deal in.
I think I'm going to sneeze—or cry.' You've had a great experience, right?
'That's right,' they said, 'don't be ashamed Exciting? Something you'll remember?
of giving way to your emotions. That's your prize. So congratulations
It isn't every day you hear from all of us at Universal.
you're going to get a million pounds. Have a nice day!' And the line went dead.
14
A CONSUMER’S REPORT – Peter Porter
The name of the product I tested is Life, (Incidentally, please ask your man
I have completed the form you sent me to stop calling me ‘the respondent’,
and understand my answers are I don’t like the sound of it.)
confidential. There seems to be a lot of different labels,
sizes and colours should be uniform
I had it as a gift, the shape is awkward, it’s waterproof
I didn’t feel much while using it, but not heat resistant, it doesn’t keep
in fact I think I’d like to have been more yet it’s very difficult to get rid of:
excited. whenever they make it cheaper they seem
It seemed gentle on the hands to put less in – if you say you don’t
but left an embarrassing deposit behind. want it, then it’s delivered anyway.
It was not economical I’d agree it’s a popular product,
and I have used much more than I thought it’s got into the language; people
(I suppose I have about half left even say they’re on the side of it.
but it’s difficult to tell) – Personally I think its overdone,
although the instructions are fairly large a small thing people are ready
there are so many of them to behave badly about. I think
I don’t know which to follow, especially we should take it for granted. If it’s
as they seem to contradict each other. experts are called philosophers or
I’m not sure such a thing market researchers or historians, we
should be put in the way of children – shouldn’t
It’s difficult to think of a purpose care. We are the consumers and the last
Also the price is much too high. law makers. So finally, I’d buy it.
Things are piling up so fast, But the question of a ‘best buy’
after all, the world got by I’d like to leave until I get
for a thousand million years the competitive product you said you’d
without this, do we need it now? send.
15