1. Carefully study type of machine learning and write an article about each type.
Answers
Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn and
improve from experience without explicit programming. Each type plays a unique role in solving
specific problems. There are three types of machine learning. And the following are the three
main types of machine learning.
1. Supervised learning
Supervised learning involves training a model using labeled data where the input data and
corresponding output are provided. The model learns by identifying pattern and relationships
between the input and output to make predictions or classifications.
Example; Predicting house prices, email spam detection, and image classification. Key
Algorithms; Linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees, and neural networks.
This type is highly effective when there is ample labeled data available. However, acquiring
labeled data can be time-consuming and costly.
2. Unsupervised learning
Unsupervised learning works with unlabeled data, meaning there are no predefined output.
The goal is to identify hidden pattern, relationships, or structure within the data.
Example. Customer segmentation, anomaly detection, and data compression. Key
Algorithms; K-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis.
Unsupervised learning is useful when exploring data without prior knowledge of its structure,
though its results may sometimes require manual interpretation.
3. Reinforcement learning
Reinforcement learning focuses on training an agent to make a sequence of decisions in an
environment to maximize cumulative rewards. The agent learns through trial and error
receiving reward for desirable actions and penalties for undesirable ones.
Example; Robotics, game playing (e.g. AlphaGo), and autonomous vehicles.
Key Techniques; Q-learning, deep Q-networks (DQN)’ and policy gradients. Reinforcement
learning is ideal for dynamic environment but often requires significant computational
resources.
In conclusion, the choice of machine learning type depends on the nature of the
problem and the availability of data. Supervised learning is suitable for tasks requiring specific
predictions, unsupervised learning is ideal for date exploration, and reinforcement learning
excels in environment requiring sequential decision-making. Together, these approaches form
the backbone of modern AI systems.
2. Research on support vector Machine, Random Forest and Clustering.
a). Learning what then are,
b). Where they are applicable
Answers.
1. Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Support Vector Machine is a supervised machine learning algorithm used for classification
and regression tasks. It works by finding the hyperplane that best separates data points of
different classes in a high-dimensional space.
#. Support Vector Machine applicable;
• Stock price prediction
• Text categorization
• Image recognition
2. Random Forest
Random Forest is an ensemble learning method that uses multiple decision tree to improve
predictive accuracy. It combines the results of individual trees to produce a more accurate and
robust prediction.
#. Random Forest applicable;
• Healthcare (e.g., diagnosing diseases)
• Financial forecast
• Fraud detection
3. Clustering
Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique that group similar data points into clusters
based on shared features or characteristics. Common algorithms include K-means, DBSCAN,
and hierarchical clustering.
#. Clustering applicable;
• Social network analysis
• Anomaly detection
• Market segmentation
• Image compression
