“Transformation of Sentences”
***Rule: 1. Since/ as / when যুক্ত Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর Subject এক হলে এবং
দুটি clause এ মূে verb থাকলে প্রদত্ত নিয়মটির সাহালযে Simple করলে হয়।
***প্রথমে প্রথে Sentence এর েূল Verb এর Present form এর সামথ ing য াগ করমে হয়+ প্রথে
Clause এর ক্রিয়ার পমরর অংশ বমস+comma (,) বমস + ক্রিেীয় Clause এর Subject এর
জায়গায় প্রথে Sentence এর Subject বমস + ক্রিেীয় Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বমস।
***(i) Complex: Since the old man killed the bird, he brought bad luck to the crew.
***Simple: Killing the bird, the old man brought bad luck to the crew.
(ii) Complex: When the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Simple: Seeing the police, the thief ran away.
(iii) Complex: As I had forgotten him, I went out.
Simple: Forgetting him, I went out. or Having forgothen him, I went out.
বেনেক্রম: (i) Complex: When the mutton chop arrived, she took me to task.
Simple: On the arrival of the mutton chop, she took me to task.
Rule 2. দুটি Clause এর Subject নিন্ন হলে এবং প্রথম Clause
টিলেam/is/are/was/were/has/have/ had থাকলে নিয়ম:
প্রথে Clause-এর am/is/ are / was/were এর পক্ররবমেে being বমস বা has/ have/ had এর পক্ররবমেে
having বমস (োছাড়া প্রথে Clause-টির আর পক্ররবেে ন হয় না) + ক্রিেীয় Clause টি বমস।
***নবিঃদ্রিঃ since/as/ when সবব দা উলে যায়। ***Complex: Since the weather was very cold, there
were no birds or animals in the snow coverd country
***Simple: The weather being very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow covered country.
(ii) Complex:-When the meeting was over, we went back home.
Simple: The meeting being over, we went back home.
Rule 3. Since/as ুক্ত Complex Sentence এর Clause দুটির Subject একহমল এবং Since /as ুক্ত
Clause টিমে শুধুোত্র be verb (am/is/ are / was/were / has/have/had) থাকমল ক্রনমের ক্রনয়মের
সাহাম ে Simple করমে হয়ঃ
Since /as এর পনরবলেব প্রথলম Because of বলস+ সস clause এর Subject এর Possessive form বলস
+ am / is/are/ was/were এর পনরবলেব being বলস বা has/have/ had এর পনরবলেব having বলস+
সস Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বলস+ comma (,) বলস+ বাকী Sentence টি বলস।
(i) Complex: Since he was small, he could not work hard.
Simple: Because of his being small, he could not work hard.
(ii) Complex: Selim was loved by the authoress as he had integrity. Simple: Selim was loved by the
authoress because of his having integrity.
Rule 4. Relative pronoun যুক্ত Complex Sentence সক Simple করার নিয়মিঃ-
প্রদত্ত Sentence-টির প্রথে যথমক Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) এর পূবে প েন্ত বমস+
Relative Pronoun-টি উমে ায়+ Relative Pronoun এর পমর
সাহা েকারী ক্রিয়া থাকমল উমে ায়+ পমর য েূল Verb থামক যসই েূল Verb এর Present
form এর সামথ ing য াগ করমে হয়। বাকী অংশ বমস।"
(i) Complex:- The writer lived in a cabin that belonged to the orphanage.
Simple:- The writer lived in a cabin belonging to the orphanage.
(ii) Complex: A solar pond that absorbs heat from the sun can cook our food.
Simple: A solar pond absorbing heat from the sun can cook our food.
(iii) Complex: Village women who are sitting on the walkways may enjoy gossiping.
Simple: Village women sitting on the walkways may enjoy gossiping.
Rule.5. When যুক্ত সময় নিলদব শক Complex Sentence সক simple করার নিয়মিঃ When clause এ
যছাট সেয়/বয়স/ঋেু র উমেখ থাকমল নীমের ক্রনয়মের সাহাম ে simple করমে হয়।
(i) When উলে যায় +When এর পলর সয Subject (it) ও Verb থালক ো উলে যায় + (ii) স াট
সময় বুঝালে at/in বলস + (iii) ঋেু থাকলে োর পূলবব in বলস + (iv) বয়লসর উলেখ থাকলে
োর পূলবব at the age of বলস।
Complex: When it was daylight, I was half awakened by the sound of chopping.
Simple: At daylight I was half awakened by the sound of chopping. Complex: When it is spring, the
cuckoo sings.
Simple: In spring the cuckoo sings.
Complex: When he was four, he left his village.
Simple: At the age of four, he left his village.
েলব When দ্বারা সকাি সময় িা বুনঝলয় সকাি কাজ চো বুঝালে েখি At the time of + when
যুক্ত অংলশর ing যুক্ত নক্রয়াটি + বাকী clauseটি বলস।
Complex: When it was raining, he woke up. Simple: At the time of raining, he woke up.
নবিঃদ্রিঃ When যুক্ত অংলশ সকাি Personal subject এর উলেখ থাকলে উক্ত subject- এর
Possessive রূপ বলস। সযমিিঃ
Complex: When they were playing, it began to rain.
Simple: At the time of their playing, it began to rain.
Complex: When I was eating, he came.
Simple: At the time of my eating, he came.
Rule 6. If দ্বারা গঠিে শেবমূেক িা সবাধক (Negative) Complex Sentence সক simple করার
নিয়মিঃ
প্রথমে without বমস + "If" Clause এর েূল Verb এর Present form এর সামথ ing য াগ করমে
হয়। ক্রিয়ার পমরর অংশ বমস+ অপর Clause টি বমস।
(i) Complex: If you donot work hard, you will not prosper in life.
Simple: Without working hard, you will not prosper in life.
(ii) Complex: If you do not read attentively, you will not pass the examination.
Simple: Without reading attentively, you will not pass the examination.
নবিঃ দ্রিঃ If clause টি Affirmative হলে Simple করার সময় without শব্দটির জায়গায় by বলস।
আর সব ঠিক থালক।
ক্রবঃ দ্রঃ If clause টি Affirmative হমল Simple করার সেয় without শব্দটির জায়গায় by বমস। আর
সব ঠিক থামক।
(i) Complex: If you work hard, you can succeed in life.
Simple: By working hard, you can succeed in life.
Rule 7. So that যুক্ত Complex Sentence-সক Simple Sentence-এ পনরণে করার নিয়মিঃ-
প্রদত্ত Sentence-এর প্রথম সথলক so এর পূবব পযব ন্ত বলস + so সথলক may /might/ can/ could পযব ন্ত
উলে যায়+to বলস + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বলস।
(i) Complex: He worked hard so that he could prosper in life.
Simple: He worked hard to prosper in life.
(ii) Complex: I read more so that I can make a good result.
Simple: I read more in order to make a good result.
Rule 8. so---that যুক্ত Complex Sentence-সক Simple Sentence-এ পনরণে করার নিয়ম-
so এর জায়গায় too বমস, এছাড়া that এর পূবে প েন্ত আর যকান পক্ররবেে ন হয় না + that
যথমক not প েন্ত উমে ায়+ to বমস+ প্রদত্ত Sentence-এর বাক্রক অংশ বমস।
(i) Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: He is too weak to walk.
Rule 9. Though / Although যুক্ত Complex Sentence সক Simple Sentence এ পনরণে করার নিয়মিঃ
Though/Although-এর পক্ররবমেে Inspite of বমস + যসই Clause এর Subject- এর Possessive form
বমস+ যসই Clause এর am/ is / are/was/were এর পক্ররবমেে being বমস বা যস clause এর has/
have/ had এর পক্ররবমেে having বমস বা যস বামকের েূল Verb এর Present form এর সামথ ing
য াগ করমে হয়+ Clause এর বাকী অংশ বমস+ অপর Clause বমস।
(i) Complex: Though he tried heart and soul, he could not pass the examination.
Simple: In spite of his trying heart and soul, he could not pass the
examination.
(ii) Complex: Although the man has vast riches, he wants more. Simple: In spite of having vast riches,
the man wants more.
Transform the following Complex Sentences into Simple :
When the girl stood by the window, she looked out. 2. Since the boy worked hard, he shone in life. 3.
As he saw the tiger, he ran away in fear. 4. When the lunch was over, the lady went away. 5. Since the
water was salty, the sailors could not drink it. 6. As the set of combs is costly, I can not buy it. 7. As the
writer was poor, he could not visit Foyot's earlier. 8. Since he was sharp, he made a good result. 9. I
was saved since I had shown a true love for all living things. 10. They saw a ship that was coming to
them. 11. The writer lived in a cabin which belonged to the orphanage. 12. They saw the drunken
porter who was lying on the floor. 13. When it was daylight, I was half awakened by the sound of
chopping. 14. The authoress went to Dhaka when it was autumn. 15. You came here when you were
only four. 16. He woke up when it was raining. 17. He is so weak that he can not speak a single word.
18. The boy was so foolish that he could not understand a simple matter. 19. They are so nice that
they can not be used just at present. 20. We eat so that we may live. 21. He worked hard so that he
could pass the examination. 22. The lady wrote letters to the writer so that she might have a lunch
from him. 23. If you read more, you will know more. 24. If you take exercise regularly, you can be
healthy. 25. If you eat a balanced diet, you can remain safe. 26. If you do not write much, you can not
write well. 27. If you do not walk fast, you will miss the train. 28. Though the writer had willingness, he
could not eat caviare. 29. Although they were poor, they had a happy conjugal life. 30. When my
mutton chop arrived, she took me to task. 31. Не had arrived at home when we left for Dhaka. 32.
Lord knew what they cost. 33. Tell me what the truth is. 34. I am sure that he will succeed. 35. A man
who is drowning catches at a straw. 36. Mecca is the place where the holy prophet was born.
****COMPOUND TO SIMPLE
And যুক্ত Compound Sentence এর উিয় অংলশর Subject যনদ এক হয় এবং উিয় অংলশ
মূে Verb থাকলে িীলচর নিয়মটি প্রলয়াগ করলে হয়িঃ
প্রথমে প্রথে বামকের েূল Verb এর Present form- এর সামথ ing য াগ করমে হয়+প্রথে
বামকের েূল Verb-এর পমরর অংশ বমস + and-এর পক্ররবমেে Comma (,) বমস + প্রথে
বামকের কেে া বমস (ক্রিেীয় বামকে কেে া থাকমল উমে ায়) + ক্রিেীয় বামকের বাকী
অংশ বমস।
(i) Compound:- The old man killed the bird and brought bad luck to the crew.
Simple:- Killing the bird, the old man brought bad luck to the crew.
(ii) Compound: Parveen sold her hair and bought a platinum fob chain.
Simple:- Selling her hair, Parveen bought a platinum fob chain.
(iii) Compound: Rohan took care of pať and got a dollar.
Simple:- Taking care of pat, Rohan got a dollar.
Rule: 2- And এর উিয় বালকের Subject নিন্ন হলে এবং প্রথম Sentence-এ
am/is/are/was/were/has / have/ had থাকলে িীলচর নিয়মটি প্রলয়াগ করলে হয়িঃ
প্রথে বামকের am/is/are/was/were-এর পক্ররবমেে being বমস বা has/have/had-এর পক্ররবমেে
having বমস, এছাড়া প্রথে বামকের আর যকান পক্ররবেে ন হয় না + and এর পক্ররবমেে comma
(,) বমস + ক্রিেীয় বাকে বমস।
(i) Compound:- The marriage ceremony was over and the guests were all going to the feast.
Simple:- The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were all going to the feast.
(ii) Compound:- The sun had set and we returned home.
Simple:- The sun having set, we returned home.
Rule 3. Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence সক Simple করার নিয়মিঃ
প্রথমে Without বমস প্রথে বামকের েূল verb-এর সামথ ing য াগ করমে হয়। + ক্রিয়ার পমরর
অংশ বমস+ or এর পক্ররবমেে comma () বমস ক্রিেীয় বাকে বমস।
(1) Compound: Work hard or you will not prosper in life.
Simple: Without working hard, you will not prosper in life.
(ii) Compound: Read attentively or you cannot pass the examination. Simple: Without reading
attentively, you can not pass the examination.
Rule 4. And এর উিয় অংলশর Subject এক হলে এবং প্রথম Sentence দ্বারা যখি কারণ
বুঝায় েখি িীলচর নিয়মটি প্রলয়াগ করলে হয়।
প্রথমে Because of বমস+ প্রথে Sentence এর Subject এর possessive form বমস+ am /
is/are/was/were এর পক্ররবমেে being বমস বা has/have/ had এর পক্ররমবেে having বমস বা েূল
ক্রিয়ার সামথ ing য াগ করমে হয়+ প্রথে Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বমস + and এর পক্ররবমেে
Comma (.) বমস+ ক্রিেীয় Sentence টি বমস।
(i) Compound: He is ill and he can not move an inch.
Simple: Because of his being ill, he can not move an inch.
(1) Compound he has much money and he can buy a car.
Simple: Because of his having much money, he can buy a car.
Rule 5: But যুক্ত Compound sentence সক Simple Sentence এ পনরণে করার নিয়মিঃ
প্রথমে Inspite of বমস প্রথে Sentence এর Subject এর Posssesive form বমসমছ + প্রথে Sentence
এর am/is/are/was/were এর পক্ররবমেে being বমস বা has, have, had, এর পক্ররবমেে having বমস বা
প্রথে বামকের েূল verb এর সামথ ing য াগ করমে হয় but এর পক্ররবমেে comma (.) বমস+
ক্রিেীয় Sentence টি যস।
(1) Соmроди: He is ill but he can run fast.
Simple: in spite of his being ill, he can run fast.
(ii) Compound: I ran fast but I could not get the train.
Simple: In spite of my running fast, I could not get the train.
Rule-6. সময় নিলদব শক Compound Sentence সক Simple করার নিয়মিঃ সময় বাচক Clause এর
Subject (it) ও Verb উলে যায় সময় বাচক অংশটি বলস + and উলে যায় োর পলরর অংশ
বলস।
Compound: It was twenty years ago and I was livinig in Paris.
Simple: Twenty years ago, I was living in Paris.
****Transform the following Compound Sentences into Simple. 1. She jumped into a cab and cried
gaily. 2. The girl finished her cry and attended to her cheeks. 3. Jim drew a package from his overcoat and
threw it upon the table. 4. He took the purse and ran away. 5. The marriage ceremony was over and the
guests were going to the feast. 6. The weather was very cold and there were no birds or animals in that
snow covered country. 7. The sea water was very salty and they could not drink it. 8. Work hard and you
will prosper. 10. The culprit ran away and escaped himself. 11. The sun had set and we went home. 12.
The sun rose and the fog dispersed. 13. He is healthy but he does not work at all. 14. He had all the
qualifications but he did not get a job. 15. He behaved rough but he was not punished. 16. The farmers
worked day and night but they could not grow a good harvest. 17. I was ill and 1 could not attend the
meeting. 18. Sohel was honest and could not take the money. 19. I was very young and I had not learnt to
say no to a woman. 20. Write much or you can not write well. 21. Walk fast or you can not get the train. 22.
He sat by the fire with me and told me of their two days together. 23. They are very nice and can not be
used just at present. 24. I called him but he did not respond. 25. Fatema was slender and mastered the
art. 26. The porter took up his basket and followed the girl. 27. I had forgotten him and went outside the
cabin.
****TO CHANGE INTO COMPLEX COMPOUND TO COMPLEX.
Rule. (1). And যুক্ত Compound Sentence এর একটি clause যনদ অিেটির কারণ বা সময় নিলদব শ
কলর, েলব উক্ত Compound Sentence টিলক complex sentence এ পনরবেবি করলে হলে িীলচর
নিয়মটি অিুসরণ করলে হয়:
প্রথে Sentence-এর প্রথমে since/as/when বমস+ প্রথে sentence বমস+ and এর পক্ররবমেে comma
(.) কো বমস+ ক্রিেীয় Sentence বমস।
নবিঃ দ্রিঃ- কারণ বুঝালে since /as বলস এবং সময় বুঝালে when বলস। Complex Sentence এর
দুটি Clause-এ Subject বসালে হয়।
(i) Compound: The writer was poor and could not taste caviare. Complex: Since the writer was poor, he
could not taste caviare.
(ii) Compound: The dog lay close to him and found a comfort there.
Complex: When the dog lay close to him, it found a comfort there.
Rule (ii) প্রথম Clause টি শেব বুঝালে Complex Sentence-এ পনরণে করার সময় নিয়মটি হয়
নিম্নরূপিঃ
প্রথমে if বমস+ Subject বমস+ প্রদত্ত প্রথে Clause টি বমস+ comma (,) কো বমস+ অপর clause
টি বমস।
(i) Compound: Work hard and you will shine in life.
Complex: If you work hard, you will shine in life.
Rule 2. But যুক্ত Compound Sentence সক Complex Sentence এ পনরবেবলির নিয়মিঃ
প্রথে Sentence এর প্রথমে Though/Although বমস + প্রথে Sentence বমস + but এর পক্ররবমেে
comma (,) বমস+ ক্রিেীয় Sentence টি বমস।
নবিঃ দ্রিঃ- Complex Sentence এর দুটি clause-এই Subject বসালে হয়।
(i) Compound: He ran fast but could not get the train.
Complex: Though he ran fast, he could not get the train.
Rule 3. or যুক্ত Compound Sentence সক Complex Sentence এ পনরণে করলে হলে িীলচর
নিয়মটি অিুসরণ করলে হয়:
প্রথমে if বমস + Subject বমস+ donot বমস+ প্রদত্ত প্রথে clause টি বমল + comma (,) বমস +
ক্রিেীয় clause টি বমস।
(i) Compound: Work hard or you can not prosper in life.
Complex: If you do not work hard, you can not prosper in life.
(ii) Compound: Move or you will die.
Complex: If you do not move, you will die.
Turn the following Compound sentences into Complex
Their throats were very dry and they could not speak. 2. I paid the bill and I had no money in my
pocket. 3. The man saw the tiger and went away. 4. The dog lay close to him and found comfort there.
5. Rehana finished her cry and attended to her cheeks. 6. I took a cabin and asked for man to chop
wood. 7. At once the albatross fell from his neck and he fell into a deep sleep. 8. Rehana saw it and
she knew that it must be for her hasband. 9. They gave the bird food and water and it became tame.
10. The ship came nearer and they saw it had no crew. 11. He sat by the fire with me and told me of
their two days to gether. 12. Do and die. 13. He had finished the work and took rest. 14. Speak the
truth and I will let you go. 15. Follow my example and you will feel better. 16. Do or die. 17. Walk fast or
you can not get the train. 18. Drive carefully or there may be accident. 19. He worked hard but failed.
20. There was water every where around them but they had not a drop to drink. 21. I knew I could not
afford caviare but I could not very well tell her that. 22. It exists but it is difficult to explain. 23. The
albatross is a big sea bird and it brings good luck to the sailors. 24. Do as I suggest you or you will
suffer. 25. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 26. For seven days he tried to pray but could not break the
sailors' curse. 27. It disturbed me but I did not know the reason. 28. We were waiting for the coffee
and the head waiter brought a basket full of peaches. 29. The door opened and Jim stepped in. 30.
Waste not, want not.
****Simple Sentence Complex Sentence এ রূপান্তর:
Rule 1. Present participle যুক্ত simple sentence সক Complex করার নিয়মিঃ
Present participle এর বাকী অংশটি য Tense-এ থামক, Present Participle এর অংশমকর একই
Tense-এ গেন করমে হয় একই subject ক্রদময়। দুবামকের োমে comma (,) বমস। প্রথে
sentence এর প্রথমে since/as/when বমস। কারণ বুোমল। since/as বুমল। সেয় বুোমল when
বমস।
(i) Simple: Closing the door, I went back to work.
Complex: When I closed the door. I went back to work.
Rule 2. Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence করার নিয়মিঃ Complex Sentence-এ পক্ররণে Being এর বাকী
Sentence টি য Tense-এ থামক, Being এর অংশমক যসই একই tense এ গেন করমে হয়।
Sentence এর োমে Comma (,) বমস। Being ুক্ত Sentence Subject না থাকমল একই Subject দুটি
Sentence এ বমস। প্রথে Sentence এর প্রথমে since/as/when বমস। কারণ বুোমল as/since বমস
এবং সেয় বুোমল When বমস।
(i) Simple: The water being very hot. I could not drink it.
Complex:Since the water was very hot, 1 could not drink it.
(ii) Simple:Being poor, Rubel could not buy a chain.
Complex: Since Rubel was poor, he could not buy a chain.
Rule 3. Too+ to যুক্ত Simple Sentence সক Complex Sentence এ পনরণে করার নিয়ম-
প্রথে too-এর জায়গায় ৪০ বমস, এছাড়া to এর পূবে প েন্ত আর যকান পক্ররবেে ন হয় না +
that বমস+ প্রথে Subject আবামরা বমস+ tense অনু ায়ী can not/ could not বমস+ to উমে
ায়+বাকী অংশ বমস।
(1) Simple: He is too weak to move.
Complex: He is so weak that he can not move.
(ii) Simple: Sohel was too honest to show excuse.
Complex: Sohel was so honest that he could not show execuse.
Rule 4. উলেলশেমূেক Simple Sentence সক Complex করার নিয়মিঃ
প্রদত্ত Sentence এর প্রথে যথমক to এর পূবে প েন্ত বমস+ so that বমস+ প্রথে কেে া পুণরায়
বমস+ Tense অনু ায়ী may/ can অথবা might / could বমস (present tense হমল may / can এবং past
tense হমল might/ could বমস) + to এর পমরর অংশ বমস।
(i) Simple: The girl sold her hair to buy a gift for Karim.
Complex: The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Karim.
(ii) Simple: He works hard to shine in life.
Complex: He works hard so that he may shine in life.
Rule 5. Ins pite of যুক্ত Simple Sentence সক complex-এ পনরণে করার নিয়ম:
Inspite of এর পক্ররবমেে Though/ Although বমস+ Subject বমস + verb বমস Adjective/Noun বমস+
comma বমস+ অপর বাকেটি বমস।
(1) Simple: In spite of his being healthy, he is lazy.
Complex: Though he is healthy, he is lary.
(ii) Simple: In spite of his having riches, he leads a poor life.
Complex: Although he has riches, he leads a poor life.
Rule 6. Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence সক Complex-এ পনরবেবলির নিয়মিঃ প্রথলম Since বলস+
Subject বলস+ Verb বলস+ Adjective /Noun বলস+ Comma বলস+ অপর বাকেটি বলস।
(i) Simple: Because of my illness. I could not join the meeting.
Complex: Since I was ill, I could not join the meeting.
(ii) Simple: Because of their playing well, they won the game. Complex: Since they played well, they won
the game.
Rule 7. Subject + verb+ object+ Present participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence সক Complex Sentence এ
পনরবেবলির নিয়মিঃ
Subject + Verb + Objcet বমস+ Object Relative pronoun বমস+ Tense ও Relative pronoun অনু ায়ী be
verb বমস+ Present Participle সহ বাকী অংশ বমস।
(i) Simple: I saw a bird flying.
Complex:I saw a bird which was flying.
েলব pronominal objcet (me, us, you, him, them, her) থাকলে নিয়মটি হলব নিম্নরূপ
Subject + verb+ that/when + object টির Subjective form+ Tense অনু ায়ী be verb present participle সহ
বাকী অংশ।
Simple:I saw him reading.
Complex: I saw that he was reading. or I saw him when he was reading.
Rule 8. Sub+ verb+ Adjective+ Noun যুক্ত Simple Sentence সক Complex করার নিয়মিঃ
Subject+ verb বমস+ Noun বমস+ Noun এর Relative pronoun বমস+ Tense ও Noun অনু ায়ী be
verb বমস+ adjective টি বমস।
Simple: I saw a lame man.
Complex:I saw a man who was lame.
েলব Adjective টি Subject সক qualify করলে নিয়মটি হয় নিম্নরূপিঃIt + tense অনু ায়ী be Verb +
Subject + Subject এর Relative pronoun + verb+Adjective
(i) Simple: Health is wealth.
Complex: It is health which is wealth.
(ii) Simple: He is a good student.
Complex: It is he who is a good student.
Transform the following sentences from Simple to Complex. 1. Standing by the window, the girl looked
out. 2. Jumping into a cab, she cried gaily. 3. Entering the classroom, the teacher found the boys
gossipping. 4. Running fast, the boy got the first prize. 5. Taking exercise regularly, he built a good health.
6. The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were going to the feast. 7. The load being very heavy, he
can not earry it. 8. Having forgotten him, I went outside the cabin. 9 The sun having set, we reached
home. 10. The sun having risen, the fog dispersed. 11. He is too weak to move. 12. The gifts are too nice to
be used just at present. 13. The question was too tough for the students to answer. 14. They walked too
slowly to catch the bus. 15. We read to learn. 16. The girl went to a hair shop to sell her hair. 17. The
authoress wanted quiet isolation to do some troublesome writing. 18. The farmers sow good seeds to get
good crops. 19. In spite of his working hard, he could not reach to his goal. 20. In spite of having
knowledge, Mr. Matin was not selected. 21. Because of killing the albatross, the old man was punished.
22. Monir was loved by all because of his honesty. 23. They saw the drunken porter lying on the floor. 24. I
saw a bird flying in the sky. 25. One day the old man watched some water snakes swimming round the
ship. 26. Knowledge is power. 27. Health is wealth. 28. Unity is strength. 29. I was there in autumn. 30.
Twenty years ago, I was living in Paris. 31. I do not know his name. 32. You came here only at four. 33. I
dislike him for his laziness. 34. On the arrival of my mutton chop, she took me to task. 35. I was admitted
to school at the age of five. 36. I was startled to see the bill of fare. 37. At daylight I was half awakened by
the sound of chopping. 38. There were two people on board. 39. The Magi brought valuable gifts. 40. I
read them for pleasure. 41. Finding the door unloced, the thief entered the house. 42. Going to my
brother, I informed him of the matter. 43. Coming in the darkness, he knocked at the door.
CHANGE INTO COMPOUND
Simple Sentence সক Compound Sentence এ
রূপান্তর Rule 1. Present Participle যুক্ত Simple
Sentence সক Compound Sentence এ পনরবেব লির নিয়ম:
Present Participle এর বাকী অংশটি য Tense-এ থামক, Present Participle যকও যসই একই
Tense-এ গেন করমে হয় একই Subject ক্রদময়। Sentence দুটির োমে and বমস।
(i) Simple: Drinking water, the writer wanted to save money.
Compound: The writer drank water and wanted to save money.
Rule 2. Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence সক Compound sentence এ পনরণে করার নিয়মিঃ
Being এর বাকী অংশটি য Tense -এ থামক Being-যকও যসই একই Tense -এ গেন করমে হয়।
Sentence দুটির োমে and বমস।
N: B: Being যুক্ত বালকে Subject িা থাকলে একই Subject "being" অংলশর প্রথলম বলস।
(i) Simple: Being honest, he could not tell a lie.
Compound: He was honest and could not tell a lie.
Simple: The weather being cold, we can not go out.
Compound: The weather is cold and we can not go out.
Rule 3. Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence সক Compound Sentence এ পনরবেবলির নিয়মিঃ
Subject বমস + Perfect Participle এর Past Perfect form বমস + and বমস+ বাকী অংশ বমস।
(i) Simple:Having forgotten him, I went out.
Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.
Rule 4. Too + to যুক্ত Simple Sentence সক Compound Sentence-এ পনরণে করলে হলে িীলচর
নিয়মটি-প্রলয়াগ করলে হয়।
Too এর জায়গায় very বমস, এছাড়া to এর পূবে প েন্ত আর যকান পক্ররবেে ন হয় না+ and
বমস+ পুনরায় Subject বমস+ Tense অনু ায়ী cannot / could not বমস + to এর পমরর অংশ
যথমক যশষ প েন্ত বমস।
(i) Simple: He is too weak to walk.
Compound: He is very weak and he can not walk.
ii) Simple: They were too nice to use just at present.
Compound: They were very nice and could not be used just at present.
EXERCISE
Turn the following Simple sentences into Compound.
Sitting on a stone, the old sailor watched the people walking past him. 2. Finishing the work, we went
to the play ground. 3. Closing the door, I went back to sleep. 4. Sitting by the fire, he told me of their
two days together. 5. Fatema, being poor, could not buy a set of combs. 6. Taking up his basket, the
porter followed the girl. 7. The water being very cold, I could not drink it. 8. The marriage ceremony
being over, the guests were going to the feast. 9. The weather being very cold, there were no birds or
animals in that snow covered country. 10. Having forgotten him, I went outside the cabin. 11. The
lunch being over, we left the hotel 12. Fatema, being slender, had mastered the art. 13. The sun having
set, we returned home. 14. They are too nice to be used just at present. 15. I was too young to have
learnt to say "no" to a woman. 16. Twenty years ago, I was living in Khulna. 17. In stead of obeying, Jim
tumbled down on the couch. 18. Despite his willingness, the writer could not eat asparagus. 19. In
spite of turning a trifle pale, the writer had to order for champagne for the lady guest. 20. At daylight, I
was half awakened by the sound of chopping.
Complex Sentence-সক Compound করার নিয়মিঃ
Rule 1. Since/as/when যুক্ত Complex sentence সক Compound Sentence এ পনরবেবি করার
নিয়মিঃ
Since/as/when উমে ায়। দুটি clause এর োমে and বমস। আর সব ঠিক থামক।
(i) Complex: Since the writer was young, he could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.
Compound: The writer was young and could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.
Rule 2. Though/ Although যুক্ত Complex Sentence সক Compound Sentence এ পনরবেবলির
নিয়মিঃ
Though / Although উমে ায়+ ১ে Clause-টি বমস+ but বমস+ ২য় clause-টি বমস।
(i) Complex: Though he tried to pray, he could not get rid of the curse.
(ii) Compound: He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.
Rule 3. Relative pronoun যুক্ত Complex sentence সক Compound করার নিয়মিঃ-
Relative Pronoun টির জায়গায় and বমস এবং প্রথে sentence এর object টি Subject ক্রহসামব
বমস। আর সব ঠিক থামক।
(i) Complex: The writer took a cabin that was small.
Compound: The writer took a cabin and it was small.
Rule 4 (i) If যুক্ত Complex Sentence-টি Negative অথব লবাধক হলে Compound Sentence-এ
পনরবেবি করার সময় নিলম্নর নিয়মটি প্রলয়াগ করলে হয়িঃ
If যথমক not প েন্ত উমে ায়+ বাকী অংশ বমস + or বমস + বাকী Clause টি বমস।
(i) Complex: If you do not move, you will die.
Compound: Move or you will die.
(i) Complex: If you run fast, you can win the prize.
Compound: Run fast and you can win the prize.
EXERCISE
Turn the following Complex sentences into Compound
1. Since the old man was weak, he could not go to the court. 2. Since they gave it food and water, it
became very tame. 3. Since I was well into my work, I was not inclined to conversation. 4. As he
felt a great love for them, he blessed them from his heart. 5. Since my ankles were weak, I was
slow in learning to walk. 6. When the door opened, Kamal stepped in. 7. When they gave it food
and water, it became very tame. 8. When the dog lay close to him, it found a comfort there. 9. Their
throats were so dry that they could not speak. 10. The farmers are so poor that they can not meet
their both ends together. 11. When he found me, he acted crazy. 12. When the sailors saw the
ship, they cried in joy. 13. When it was daylight, I was half awakened by the sound of chopping. 14.
When the mutton chop arrived, she took me totask. 15. It was twenty years ago when I was living
in Dhaka. 16. Though Rahim and Rehana were poor, they were happy in their conjugal life. 17.
Though the boy has many brothers and sisters, he seems to be lonely. 18. The Magi who were wise
men brought gifts to the babe in the manger. 19. For myself I chose the mutton chop which was
the cheapest dish on the menu. 20. I was saved because I had shown a true love for all living
things. 21. When he woke up,it was raining. 22. If you do not obey me, you will be punished. 23. If
you do not write much, you can not wirte well. 24. If you donot walk fast, you will miss the train. 25.
If you follow my example, you will feel better. 26. I am sure its a mistake. 27. Though I burned with
questions, I could not ask. 28. Though the watch was grand, Latif looked at it on the sly. 29. The
albatross is a big sea bird which brings good luck to the sailors. 30. I did not know why it disturbed
me. 31. While we were waiting for coffee, the head waiter brought a basket full of huge peaches.
Md.Himel Hossain.
Assistant Teacher,English.
