BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB (EEE-101P)
EXPERIMENT No. 1
AIM: Introduction of Electrical Elements, sources, measuring devices.
APPARATUS REQUIRED: Electrical elements, sources, measuring devices
THEORY:
Resistor :
Resistor is an electronic component whose function is to limit the flow of current in an electric circuit. It
is measured in units called ohms. The symbol for ohm is Ω(omega).
They are available in different values, shapes and sizes. Every material has some resistance. Some
materials such as Rubber, Glass and air have very high opposition to current to flow These materials are
called insulators. Other materials such as Copper, Silver and Aluminum etc, has very low resistance, they
are called Conductors.
Resistor symbols:
Department of Applied Science & Humanities 2022-23
BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB (EEE-101P)
Different types of resistors:
Capacitor:
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store
energy electrostatically in an electric field. By contrast, batteries store energy via chemical reactions. The
forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a
dielectric (insulator); for example, one common construction consists of metal foils separated by a thin
layer of insulating film. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common
electrical devices. Capacitors are also very commonly used. A lot have their values printed on them, some
are marked with 3-digit codes, and a few are color coded. The same resources listed above for resistors
can also help you identify capacitor values. They are typically marked with an “C” on a circuit board.
Capacitor Symbol
Types of Capacitors
Department of Applied Science & Humanities 2022-23
BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB (EEE-101P)
Inductor:
An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component which resists
changes in electric current passing through it. It consists of a conductor such as a wire, usually wound
into a coil. When a current flows through it, energy is stored in a magnetic field in the coil. When the
current flowing through an inductor change, the time varying magnetic field induces a voltage in the
conductor, according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, which by Lenz's law opposes the
change in current that created it. Inductors, also called coils, can be a bit harder to figure out their
values. If they are color coded, the resources listed for resistors can help, otherwise a good meter that
can measure inductance will be needed.
They are typically marked with an “L” on a circuit board
Inductor Symbol:
Types of inductors:
Bread Boards:
This is the platform (or chasis) on which any circuit can be ringed up to provide inter connections between
electronics components and devices. The advantage of bread board is, the components can be connected
(or) disconnected easily. It has holes both horizontally and vertically as shown in the figure. The horizontal
holes at the top and bottom are having internal shorts where as in the remaining part vertical holes are
shorted internally.
Department of Applied Science & Humanities 2022-23
BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB (EEE-101P)
Voltage Source:
A Voltage Source is a two-terminal device whose voltage at any instant of time is constant and is
independent of the current drawn from it.
Variable Power supply available in lab:-
Current Source:
A current source is a two-terminal circuit element which supplies the same current to any load resistance
connected across its terminals.
Voltmeter:
Voltmeter is parallelly connected with the electric circuit in order to measure the potential.
Ammeter:
The ammeter is used for measuring a small amount of current and the result is displayed in
milliamperes when it is kept in series with the circuit to be measured so that the entire current in the circuit
is passing through it.
Voltmeter and ammeter symbol:
Department of Applied Science & Humanities 2022-23
BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB (EEE-101P)
RESULT:
Study of Electrical Elements, sources, measuring devices is done.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are the fundamental components of electrical circuits?
Ans: In general, a circuit has the following components:
• A cell or battery: source of electricity
• Connecting wires: Act as conductor to flow electric current
• Key or switch to control the circuit
• Bulb or electric device act as a load to the circuit
Metal wires are used in electric circuits because the metals are good conductors of electricity and
allow current to pass through them
2. What are insulators?
Ans: Insulators are those substances through which electricity cannot flow are called insulators. Some
common insulators are glass, plastic, rubber, and wood.
3. What are conductors?
Department of Applied Science & Humanities 2022-23
BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB (EEE-101P)
Ans: Conductors are those substances through which electricity can flow are called conductors. Some
common conductors are copper, aluminum, gold, and silver.
4. What is AC and DC?
Ans: Electric current flows in two ways as an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). The main
difference between AC and DC lies in the direction in which the electrons flow. In DC, the electrons
flow steadily in a single direction, while electrons keep switching directions, going forward and then
backwards in AC.
5. What is active and passive elements?
Ans: An electric circuit element which can supply electric power to the circuit or power gain in the
circuit, is known as an active element. The circuit element which can only absorb electrical energy
and dissipates it in the form of heat or stores in either magnetic field or electric field is known as
passive elements.
6. Explain R L and C.
Ans: R is a resistive component; L is Inductive and C is Capacitive.
In a R component, the current and Voltage vectors are in phase with each other i.e. the phase angle
between the two is ZERO
In a L component, the phase angle between the current and Voltage vector is -90 deg i.e. the current
vector lags the voltage vector by 90 deg
and in a C component, the phase angle between the current and voltage vectors is +90 deg i.e. the
current vector leads the voltage vector by 90 deg.
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