Chapter 6:
Q1. Explain all the basic Logic gates and their
operations.
Logic Gates:
Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an
electronic circuit having one or more than one input and only one
output. The relationship between input and output is based on a
certain logic. Logic gates are named as AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR
gates etc. Logic gates are divided into two categories, namely
1. Basic Logic Gates
2. Universal Logic Gates
BASIC LOGIC GATES:
All digital systems can be constructed by only three Basic logic gates,
called AND, OR, NOT. These gates perform basic (AND, OR, NOT)
operations in digital systems.
AND GATE:
An AND gate is a digital logic gate with two or more inputs and one
output. It operates on logical multiplication rules. And operation using
variables A and B represented A.B. Here “.” is the logical
multiplication sign. Boolean Expression of AND gate y=A.B
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AND GATE:
OR GATE:
An OR gate is a basic logic gate with two or more inputs and one
output. It operates on logical addition rules. OR operation using
variables A and B represented A+B. Here “+” is the logical addition
sign. Boolean Expression of OR gate y=A+B
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF OR GATE:
NOT GATE:
The NOT gate is a single input and single output gate. It is also known
as inverter because it performs the inversion of the applied binary
signal. i.e. It converts 0 into 1 and 1 into 0. It is represented by prime
sign on the top right of variable or a bar (-) over the variable.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF NOT GATE:
Q2. Describe Universal Logic gates and its types.
UNIVERSAL GATES:
A universal gate is a logic gate which can implement any Boolean
function without the need to use any other type of logic gate. The
NAND and NOR gates are universal gates.
NAND (NOT+AND) GATE:
In digital electronics , a NAND (NOT-AND) is a logic gate that produces
an output that is false only if all its inputs are True, thus its output is a
complement to that of an AND gate.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF NAND GATE:
NOR (NOT+OR) GATE:
It is the collection of OR gate and NOT gate. The output of NOR gate
is invertor OR. It produces an output that is False only if all its inputs
are False. Thus its output is a complement to that of an OR gate.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF NOR GATE
Q3. Differentiate between BASIC and UNIVERSAL
Logic gates.
Basic Logic Gate Universal Logic Gate
1. AND, OR and NOT are basic NAND, NOR and XOR are
logic gates, through which all universal logic gate as through all
the basic arithmetic functions other gates can be realized.
can be realized like addition
and multiplication.
2. Individual logic gate can be A universal gate is a gate that can
connected to form a variety of implement any Boolean
different combinational logic expression without using other
circuits. types of gates.
Q4. Differentiate between NAND and NOR Logic
gates.
NAND Gate NOR Gate
1. A NAND gate is equivalent to A NOR gate is equivalent to an
an inverted-input AND gate. inverted-input OR gate.
2. The NAND gate makes The NOR gate makes a sum of
multiplication and then negate terms and then negates it.
it.
3. Its output is a 0 when both Its output is a 1 when both input
inputs terms are 1’s. terms are 0’s
Q5. Explain the function of inverter?
Inverter:
An inverter circuit outputs a voltage representing the opposite logic
level to its input. Its main function Is to invert the input signal applied.
If the applied input is low, then the output becomes high. An inverter
circuit serves as the basic logic gate to swap between those two
voltage levels.
Q7. Explain the purpose of Truth Table.
Truth Table:
The truth table displays the logical operations on input signals in a
table format. Every Boolean expression can be viewed as a truth
table. The truth table identifies all possible input combinations and
the output for each step.
