A Project ON

INNOVATION

Solar Powered Window Charger

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of the
Degree Of

Master of Business
Administration

Submitted to Submitted by
Priya kasana

DEPARTMENT OF MBA
 CONTENT

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2. INRODUCTION
3. TECHNOLOGIES
4. WORKING
5. PROPERTIES
6. APPLICATIONS
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFRENCES
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Priya kasana write this acknowledgement with great honor,

pride and pleasure to pay my respects to all who enable us
either directly in completing this report. I express my deep
sense of gratitude to Mrs. Neha tyagi , Department of
MBA, IIMT Engineering College for being there and give
valuable guidance to do this wonderful project on the Solar
Powered Window Charger, which also helped me in doing
a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new
things I am really thankful to them.
 INRODUCTION

The Window Solar Charger helps demystify and clear the air
around solar panels. As simple as a wooden frame with solar
panels and a battery, the Window Solar Charger is a sun-
powered power-bank that lets you use clean energy to juice
your devices like your phone, tablet, or other USB-powered
devices.

Solar power and the panels, often find themselves being used
on rooftops, powering buildings and homes, or on things like
backpacks, aiding people who love traveling. The regular, sit-
at-home guy still doesn’t actively interact with the solar panel
in a personal capacity, and the Window Solar Charger hopes
to break that barrier. “Using renewable energy doesn’t have
to be hard”, says Krystal, and the Window Solar Charger
helps demystify the technology in an incredibly simple and
useful way. Just hang the Window Solar Charger on a sunny
window and you’re done! The panels absorb power through
sunlight and top off the charger’s internal battery. You can
directly plug your phone or tablet in, and the battery begins
topping off your smart device, turning power from the sun
into power you can use!
Solar Window Portable Charger contains an ABS plastic case
and a solar panel. The PV panel enclosed by silicone pads of
ABS case. The use of solar energy is not a new technology,
but utilizing this solar energy to charge cell phones is a new
innovation.

For boosting energy to battery, a mini USB input and USB

output ports are present. It contains 1300 mAhLithium ion
battery which can be rechargeable as input and it takes 13
hours to complete its full charging of battery with the
exposure of sunlight. It has an output of 5V/500mA at max.

Direct sunlight exposure of mobile for charging does not

harm the phone. It only produces energy and charges the
device. The electricity produced by the solar energy is utilized
by the charger for getting charged itself and later this
charged energy will be transferred to the mobile. Finally, the
battery gets charged and charges the phone. Solar energy is a
renewable [Link] we are explaining about solar
powered window charger project.
 TECHNOLOGIES

Circuit Description of Solar Powered Window

Charger

The following diagram contains 48V solar battery charger

circuit with low and high cut off features and the below
points describes the functioning of the circuit.

An Integrated Circuit IC 741 is configured as a comparator

and is appropriately stabilized from 48V high input using
Zener diodes and potential divider network across its supply
and input pins.
The solar charger circuit diagram is as shown above. The
battery cells to be charged shows the circuit module of solar
charger with voltage. This is due to 0.3 to 0.4 V drop in
voltage across Schottky diode D1. Charge voltage set on P1
extends the limit of voltage of 0.3–0.4 V. Solar cells that are
connected in eight series will become the solar panel for the
project. The solar panel supplies nearly 140 mA -200mA or
more at 8 times 0.45 V = 3.6 V. Instead of a Zener diode we
can also take two normal diodes in forward bias direction and
cathode that is connected to the ground.

The circuit around T2 observes the Voltage across the

batteries. After the voltage gets full charged along with the
solar panel, power resistor is switched on and it ends the
charging of output solar panel voltage.
Solar Power
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is
harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar power
to generate electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar
water heating), and solar architecture.

It is an essential source of renewable energy, and its

technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute
solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar
techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems,
concentrated solar power, and solar water heating to harness
the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a
building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable
thermal mass or light-dispersing properties, and designing
spaces that naturally circulate air.
The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a
highly appealing source of electricity. Solar energy has been
cheaper than fossil fuels since 2021.

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the

development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar
energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It
will increase countries' energy security through reliance on
an indigenous, inexhaustible, and mostly import-independent
resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the
costs of mitigating global warming .... These advantages are
global."

The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar

radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere.[5]
Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest,
122 PW, is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The
spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread
across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part
in the near-ultraviolet.[6] Most of the world's population live
in areas with insolation levels of 150–300 watts/m2, or 3.5–
7.0 kWh/m2 per day.
Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface,
oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and
atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the
oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection.
When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature
is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto
the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent
heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing
atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and
anticyclones.
Solar Cell
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that
converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the
photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical
phenomenon. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a
device whose electrical characteristics, such as current,
voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. Individual
solar cell devices are often the electrical building blocks of
photovoltaic modules, known colloquially as solar panels. The
common single junction silicon solar cell can produce a
maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.5 volts to
0.6 volts.

Solar cells are described as being photovoltaic, irrespective of

whether the source is sunlight or an artificial light. In addition
to producing energy, they can be used as a photodetector
(for example infrared detectors), detecting light or other
electromagnetic radiation near the visible range, or
measuring light intensity.

The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires three basic

attributes:

 The absorption of light, generating excitons (bound

electron-hole pairs), unbound electron-hole pairs (via
excitons), or plasmons.
 The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.
 The separate extraction of those carriers to an external
circuit.
In contrast, a solar thermal collector supplies heat by
absorbing sunlight, for the purpose of either direct heating or
indirect electrical power generation from heat. A
"photoelectrolytic cell" (photoelectrochemical cell), on the
other hand, refers either to a type of photovoltaic cell (like
that developed by Edmond Becquerel and modern dye-
sensitized solar cells), or to a device that splits water directly
into hydrogen and oxygen using only solar
[Link] cells and solar collectors are the
two means of producing solar power.
Assemblies of solar cells are used to make solar modules that
generate electrical power from sunlight, as distinguished
from a "solar thermal module" or "solar hot water panel". A
solar array generates solar power using solar energy.
Solar Panel

A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV)

module or solar panel is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells
mounted in a framework for installation. Solar panels use
sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current
electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a PV panel,
and a system of PV panels is called an array. Arrays of a
photovoltaic system supply solar electricity to electrical
equipment.

Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the

Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
Most modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or
thin-film cells. The structural (load carrying) member of a
module can be either the top layer or the back layer. Cells
must be protected from mechanical damage and moisture.
Most modules are rigid, but semi-flexible ones based on thin-
film cells are also available. The cells are usually connected
electrically in series, one to another to the desired voltage,
and then in parallel to increase current. The power (in watts)
of the module is the mathematical product of the voltage (in
volts) and the current (in amperes) of the module. The
manufacturing specifications on solar panels are obtained
under standard condition, which is not the real operating
condition the solar panels are exposed to on the installation
site.

A PV junction box is attached to the back of the solar panel

and functions as its output interface. External connections for
most photovoltaic modules use MC4 connectors to facilitate
easy weatherproof connections to the rest of the system. A
USB power interface can also be used.
Charger Assembly

A battery charger consists of a rectifier circuit, power circuit,

ripple monitoring, control circuit, regulator circuit, and fault
detection circuit.
Step down the AC voltage

As we connect our charger to 220V AC direct from the

switchboard the first job of the charger is step down the high
220V in 9V (or 10V in some cases). In transformer there are
primary and secondary coils which step up or step down the
voltage according to the no of turn in the [Link] of
proper transformer is very important. Current rating depends
upon the Current requirement of Load circuit (circuit which
will use the generate DC).

Rectifying

Rectification is the process of removing the negative part of

the Alternate Current (AC), hence producing the partial DC.

Above is the type of rectifier which removes the negative

part of the ac supply in both the cycle,hence called as full
wave bridge rectifier.
Filtration

The output after the Rectification is not a proper DC, it is

oscillation output and has a very high ripple factor. We don’t
need that pulsating output, for this we use Capacitor.
Capacitor charge till the waveform goes to its peak and
discharge into Load circuit when waveform goes low. So
when output is going low, capacitor maintains the proper
voltage supply into the Load circuit, hence creating the DC.

Voltage regulation

Finally we need a voltage regulator at the output side to

maintain the constant voltage throughout.
 WORKING
Solar window chargers have several advantages when
compared with other charger types. You can stick this DIY
solar window charger to the inside of a glass window with
the solar panel facing out and then connect its output to any
USB-chargeable portable device through a suitable cable. The
charger itself contains a lithium-ion battery to give an
uninterrupted and clean dc supply output and has a cool
multipurposelight source built in!

The charger’s electronics consist of a small 5-V/500-mA solar

panel (SP1) linked to a Li-ion battery charger circuit built
around the dedicated Li+ charge controller chip MAX1555
(IC1). The rest of the circuit portion corresponds to the usual
minimum configuration of a pre-wired dc-dc boost converter
module (M1), which can render USB-standard dc supply
output to the external load through its standard USB
connector. The circuit’s built-in power supply has been kept
very simple. The single-cell Li-ion battery (BAT) provides a
nominal voltage on 3.7 V. The power supply also drives a
“luxury” white LED light source (LED2–LED4). Fig. 1 depicts
the system block diagram of the solar window charger,
whereas Fig. 4 shows the tried-and-true circuit diagram.

As stated above, the Li-ion battery charger circuit is built

around the MAX1555 (IC1), which can charge a single-cell Li-
ion battery (Li+ 3.7 V) from both USB and AC adapter sources.
One great thing about this chip is that it is an in-system
charger, meaning it will power the external load while
charging the battery.

The design is straight from the MAX1555 datasheet, but

slightly modified to add a charging indicator (LED1).
MAX1555 accepts operating input voltages up to 7 V and
draws 280 mA from the solar panel (SP1) to charge the Li+
battery (BAT). Luckily, the chip, which comes in a five-pin
SOT23 package, operates with zero external switchers; only a
few ceramic decoupling capacitors (C1–C3) are required for
pleasurable operation.
An efficient dc-dc boost converter is the proven way to draw
a 5-V dc supply straight from a 3.7-V battery. Unfortunately,
the majority of boost converter chips (and requisite
conductors) come in minuscule packages, making them
difficult to effectively handle for DIY projects.
 APPLICATIONS

 The solar panel stores energy and these solar battery

chargers are easy to carry.

 It can be used to charge mobiles, laptops and various

electronic equipments.

 Bigger battery chargers are utilized for digital cameras,

laptops, MP3 and iPods.

 The main advantage with this solar window charger is

that it does not require any external power for charging
other than solar energy.

 It is cost effective as the cost is not involved once the

charger is purchased.

 An iPhone and iPad can also be charged by using this

technology.

 The solar window charger is easily attachable to the

window and the phone is exposed to sunlight and it
charges your electronic equipment.
PROPERTIES

 It consists of built in technology to protect the device

from over-charging and over-heating.

 The Window solar charger contains an LED charge

indicator on the bottom edge which shows a red light
when it is charging and turns green light when its
battery is full or the device is powered up.

 Window clings solar charger is eco-friendly process as

solar energy is used for charging and it contains 5.5V
and 1800mAh Lithium battery which can be
rechargeable with input and USB output cables.
 CONCLUSION
Solar panels haven’t changed much in the past 60 years, but
Krystal Persaud, the mind behind the Window Solar Charger,
feels that people still haven’t globally adopted solar power in
a big way. Solar power and the panels, often find themselves
being used on rooftops, powering buildings and homes, or on
things like backpacks, aiding people who love traveling. The
regular, sit-at-home guy still doesn’t actively interact with the
solar panel in a personal capacity, and the Window Solar
Charger hopes to break that barrier. “Using renewable
energy doesn’t have to be hard”, says Krystal, and the
Window Solar Charger helps demystify the technology in an
incredibly simple and useful way. Just hang the Window Solar
Charger on a sunny window and you’re done! The panels
absorb power through sunlight and top off the charger’s
internal battery. You can directly plug your phone or tablet
in, and the battery begins topping off your smart device,
turning power from the sun into power you can use!
 REFERENCE

1. Solar Energy: The Physics and Engineering of

Photovoltaic Conversion, Technologies and Systems - by
Olindo Isabella & Klaus Jäger& Arno Smets& René van
Swaaij& Miro Zeman.
2. [Link]
charger-working-with-circuit/ (El-Pro-Cus)
3. [Link]
window-solar-charger-helps-you-charge-your-gadgets-
with-sunshine/ (Yanko Design)
4. [Link]
charger/ (This is Why I’m Broke)
5. [Link]
charger (Group Hug)
6. [Link] (Wikipedia)