DSHAPE NOTES

Physics
Formula
Distance us displacement VF =
Vot at
I
·
always+
I
·
+ or -

·
has direction

it
distance =
2 + 1
=
3

displacement

velocity
speed
vs
I
+ or
· -

·
has direction

speed =
/velocity/
speed = d
E

average displacement
velocity
time

acceleration how fast velocity changes

:

E io o

0 -
Gomph
0 -
> Gomph >

55
10s

Gomph/10s Gomph/SS
Emph/s 12
mph/s

==
a

initial
/
change
speeding up slowing down

a =
+ a t =

V =
+ V = -

or op

a = -
a = -

V = - V = +

·
if both are same
charges
·
if both are different

eX ,
ex -

v
C
=
12 m/s v =
24 m/s speed :
IVI
?
a = 4 m/s a = -

Gm/g
a = + v = + a = - v = +

t UF t v
Sp

#slowing downe
O O 24
12 24
I 16 I 18 18
-
-
20 2 12 12
2
getting faster
B
24 366
4 28 ⑭ O

5-6 6
32
5 direction
6-12 12 changing
6 36
---

(same thing applies for vertical acceleration)

Relative Velocity
Ru V V2 RU Vobject
=

Ver
-
= -

l
relation to
velocity in
something
excludes to motion of the world
motion relative to

inertial reference frame earth's

-

object staying still

velocity measurements depend or selected inertial reference frame

Trajectory
i

> X

change in and
X
y
X
velocity doesn't change

y velocity changes due to

gravity

45
°
=
maximum
range
range horizontalvoitymastays
inarangle decreases
Work , and power
energy ,

work -
action done to an
object that displaces it

W= Fd
F=
magnitude of applied force
d
displacement
=

w= force x distance

no displacement = O work

Units
work= joules (J)
force =
newtons (N)

only the component of force parallel to the displacement counts towards work

only the x-component goes towards work

if force isn't horizontal ,

completey
W= Fd cos
-
angle from horizontal

Fr y doesn't have work

X does
W= fd cos

if 0 = 0 °, W =
Fd
if 0 =
90°, equation =
O
work
are
is
positive If applied force is in same direction

Etitive work

negative if applied force is in the opposite direction

FE
negative work
Energy-capacity to do work

-measured in joules

work-energy theorem
Whet =
IKE When work done object change in Kinetic
is on an ,
energy

Types of energy
-
Kinetic

potential
-

thermal
chemical
-
MOMENTUM
Law of conservation of momentum

p =
mu

momentum
p
=

m= mass

v =
velocity

MMECHANICS

X
kinematics dynamics

Kinematics
-

motion of
object who reference to forces

objec
dynamics
-
forces and their influence on the motion of

KINEMATICS
acceleration constant
always
-
is

d =
displacement
v= velocity
a= acceleration
t =
time
initial
vo or
velocity
=
vi
or final velocity
ut up
FORMULAS
Vy = v
,
+ at (velocity of an object at any given time
Eat (position of obetis
YetXotvit
+
an

d =

+ St
(7

v =

+vi
↓ =
v
,
t + 0 . Gat
?
(regarding position)
 PRACTICE :

1. a= 2 .
3 m/g .
3 v = 15 m/s

a) what is vat t =
10s d =
som

b) How
far did travel
you
v = vie+ zad
Y = v, + at 0 = 152 + zalbo)

Vf = v
,
+ 2 .
5(10) 226 + 1009

vi + 25 225 = 100 a
-

/a)25m/v - 2

~
.
25 = a

O because
b)250mX Fre
25mls? .

wewereat correct :
rest
b) x=
=
Xo + v
,
t +
Eat
0 0t +
(2 5)(100)
X = + .

2(250)
x
+
=
(2m)
2 . v
=
17m/g a = -
2 4 m/s
,
.

How
long does it take to
stop and how far
will skid
you

Uf = v
,
+
at

Vy = 2 + (
-
8 .

4(t)]

=
3 21 .
=
Vf = t

*
+
=
Xo + Vit + Eat >

10 .
24

xo + 27(x) + 2) -

8 .
4)3 212.

86 4 -
-

43

a) 3 .
21s
b) 43 4/ .
vertical motion
=
v + at
Vf ,

Xt =
Xo + v ,
t + at
2

2
zad
viz
+
= v,

9 8m/s"-be of
always
-

a
gravity
= .

PRACTICE

d =

vit + Eat
You drop rock
a . Hits
ground 8 1
.
sec .

How tall is the cliff?

z/

0(8 1) 2) 9 8) 1)2 81
d =
.
+ -

. (6 .

81
0 4 9(65 (1)
-

.
+
6488
.

321 .
489
d =
321m tall
 3
1 . V1 =
40 m/s 4. V32 m/s

d =
200 mi 22 m/s
Vy =

a =
4 .
8 m/s
200 mi =
200 ·
1609 d 3 =

=
321800

222 322 + 2(4 8)d

262180
= .

484 =
1024 + 9 . 6d
56 25 d
⑳45ses
- =
.

-
Tam
d) =

~ 2 23 his .
/
V
=
= 6 8+ 4
.
.
5(3 2) .

b) E2m/s)
50 + 90 140
=
2 .

=
=
28 misku
a
=
10 5 . >
-
46 1 .

t =
2 .
47

Su

d = 79 8 .

3 .
vi = 0
?
a = 6 .
52m/s

t = 3 80s
.

d =
?

?
d =
vit +at
0 (3 .
8) +
6 .
52(3 8)2 .

294 .
1)
47 I .
m
ELECTRICITY
electrons are the essence of electricity
conductor

easily transfer change

-

can

insulator
-does not transfer charge

battery

y
Electronoa

- high voltage
to low voltage
electrons
convential
current 1c 1 6 x10 19c
-

= -
.

I is the rateof charge flow 11 1

%
=

* or
&
Q =
charge
t= time

Ohm's Law
relationship between voltage current and resistance
·

V =
IR
v =
voltage
R =
Resistane

It UT = direct

RP IV =
inverse

Electric Power
P = VI ( watts)
P
=
P =
I2R

15
1 w
=
 b)
a) 3 8 .

= 23a
45 6x60 . sea

Tota
= 2736 = 1 71402
.

electron

9)v IR
c) P VI
=
=

9 = [250
p 9(0 036)
= .

-o A or 003
. = 0 .
324W

b)
P FR=

P = (0 03e)2(250).

= 0 . 324 watts

V= 12V b) P =
IV
15
I 0
P
= .

= 1 . 8 w

9)

Ro
is
-
Chemistry

⑳electron
nucleus
-

protons (+ )
-

neutrons (-)

protons-electrons
atomic # =
protons
atomic mass =
protons + neutrons

IDEAL GAS LAWS

Boyle's Law
pressure and volume

A
·

·
PV =
constant temp
·
P, V
,
=
PaVz
inversely proportional
·

VTPV or VIPY if temp and # of moles

stay the same

Charles Law
·
volume and temp
direct
·

#=

F
= k

#
 Gay Lussac's Law
·

pressure and temp

·
direct

#
-
Types of Chem Reactions
1. Combination
H2 + Cl -
2HC)
2
.
Decomposition
2HCl -
>
H2 + Cl2
.
3
Single Replacement/single displacement
Fe CuSox -- Cu + FeSO4
+

4 Double Replacement
.

AgN0z+ KCl -AgCI + kNOz

. Combustion
5

second reactant 02
·
is

products are carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (10)

CONCENTRATED
SOLUTION AND PLUTE
SOLUTIONS
can sol dil sol

con sol > dil sol

asofsolute
I

# particles #moles
Concentration formula
Molarity

Des or M =
moles of solute
-

vol of solution
molarity moles of of solute
solute = mass

molality molarity
molar mass of solute
n-moles of
M= M =
-
solute
V
Dilution Problems
M , Vi = MzVz
M =

molarity/concentration
v =
Volume (m/orL)

a) 0 . 8V = 500mL (0 20) b) .
500-125 =
375mL

9)
300(0 25) . = 0 75V
.
b) 300 -
100 = 200m)

=
100mL =
V

(225mL((4 5) .
= 575M

a) 225 + 350

=
575
b) 1 . 76 M

9) b) 80 (0 5)
(60 + 20 (M)
(60((0 8) 140M
·
= . =

140M 40 140M
48 = =

286 = M
~ 0 . 343 0 .

+ 300(0 9)
=
(150 + 300)M
150 (0 6)
.

90 + 270 =
450M

-
h
Ndozen = 12

1 mole =
6 02 .
x 1023

atomic mass=ng/mo

egina atomic mass

4 molC

#m023
= 24 08 .
s a

2 .
408 + 1024

metaltnonmetal = ionic "formal units"

nonmetal + nonmetal-molecules

ex

1. 3 mol CH4 -molecules CH4(a)

atoms of H (10)
9) MOLECULES -- AToMS

-mch4
1 x 1023 o
=

30 .
3 . 01 x1024

6)
4 atosSee CHa

120 x 1023
1 . 2 x 1025
2 .
3x1024 atoms of H-molH (ATOMS- > MOLES

-
1024
#Wol . -
3 +

= = b mas of H
Molar mass I

C2Ho
-
>
(2T(12) + (6)(1)
=
30
C 12
amu/b0g/ma
=

H = 1

to mole
grams
349 Nty
N =
14 =
17gNHz
H =
3

gNHo , 2 ma Ne
N
=

to atoms
129 He to atoms grams
He =
4

19
a
,
= 33x6 Ne

=
1.8x1024

9x1024 atoms, -
grams
atoms Arg
Ar = Po

xO I Msas

grams-moles -- atoms

15 moles +
40g 6009
=
Intermolecular forces
electrostatic interactions between molecules
-

Different interactions
1 ion-ion
.

molecular force
strongest
·

.
2 ion-dipole interactions
MATH
Exponents

x3 = 16

3 =
12

x =
(162)3
(4)3
= 64

3n + 6 =
z

z
O 2

b = x +
9
- = 9(x +
1) -

+
ax

14n
15)
+
=

n
- 15 = 9

n =
24
 2014 392781243
I

i -

go

S
143b +
14b
8g
= 1 . 91)
3194 37 g =
1 59

09)
+

259
.

3 =
8 .

42b +
1129 = 26 74 .

4b +
759 24 16
=
.

B =
4d
B = r
-

r -

g = 4d
O
r= 4d +S

C63 it

S
Circle
A = Tup2
circumference = 2r

d = 2r

Arc

·=
S
= 2

chord

-
diameter chord that touches the middle of
-

a circle

Ex
↓
I
 r= 4

9) 8Tu =
25 12.

it
b) 16 =
50 .

24

a) =
9

18th

b) 18

a)300 2
. (49)

b
& (7)

n
30
y
=

X= 160

- X =
90
X

10
2304 + 196 =
c
C = 50 4894 = 336

48
r= 25
14

625x
-
336

1626 S .

64 +u (8 8)
.

8
-

z
64+ -

32

168 94 .
TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE THEOREMS
Congruence :
same size , shape , measurement of angles
THEOREMS

SSS
side-side-side

alsides are
can

Asaangle-side
and

cides ang
as

ASA
area
Angle-side-angle
angles and side is equal

1 &
#X
Atle-angle-side

=t / X
#

Hypotenuse-leg
(right triangles only

T
-
=
 statements Reason
ADE

-
.
1 Given

2 .
B midpoint of Given

C
I .
3 ABB Midpoint definition

4 .
BD BD Reflexive Property
SABDDCBD SSS

Statements Reason

o
Gren

Given

Reflexive
↓ lines form
4 . MORE POR
right angles
1 MROE SPRO SAS

statements Reasons
1. (14 Gren
(c) .
2 # EC Gen
, 3 (2 .
= 3 vertical
angles are

4
. LABCE. LECD ASA

Statement Reason

E
Gen
Given
31 50
.

Gren
~
1 12 L2 and 13 are supplementary
to <4 and LI

DABE EADCE SAS

Definitions in
geometry

·S
line Angle bisector Transitive Property
> < * 12

#
if , if LEL2

arrows
B ' then < * (3

infinite
B
Vertical Angles
Ray
LABDE LDBC

-Xia
- ->

A BC
parallel lines

a Bey ·
same slop

can
only start w/the 1st point eX .

opposite angles are

congruent
Segment All B 11 = 3
=4
12
"
a
A is parallel to B 22

finite Perpendicular lines 2

angles beside each other
A 1809
always =

#
Angles Median
B
acute segment from of
triangle
·

line a vertex a to the

o O 900 midpoint on the other side of the

triangle
B
right
·

0 90% oslopes negative reciprocals of each other

=

are

·
obtuse M =
slope
A oc
900480 MB = 2 D
5
·

straight BD is a median
0 Ma C
ADE
180
-
=
=

Midpoint Altitude
· A 1B median but doesn't make midpoint and
A B C
forms 90 %

angles
FBEs complementary
anglesd

I
Bisector up to go
ex

> A &

i
I C
A
complementary
supplementary
BBL
C

i o
add up to 1800
Perpendicular bisector
forms 900 on
midpoint
1l

·
Age word problems
Past L-3 A -

9 S 5 -
S -

5 =
3(A -

5)
PL A S L 2a 3
Sally
=

John
-

F1 + 4 A+ 4 S +4 2(A + 4)
P S =
35 S+ 4 =
2+
S J
S =
3(A 5) + 5
2(j+ z)
-

FS+ 8 J+ z
s + y =

3(A -

3) + 5 +
4 =
2 + 2A + 8
8 =
2j + 6 -

3j 3A -

15 =
2A + 1
8 -j
-
=

16 =
A
8 =
j L = 29

k T
3(T 2) L- 4
-
4 =
3(
-

4)
-
1

P
=
2
-

T-2 k
Past 4
-

G
-

k 2 -

P 6 L
+ 24
T k =
6 + 2T
Fk F 27
6 +3 L+ =
2(6+3) -

k = 6 + 2T
M = 3L -
9
4
-

k =
3T +
6 1 + 2)
-

10 =
T 9 + 3 2(1 +
31 - =

k = 26
-
2 31 -
6 =
2 + 4

= 24 L =
13

P L R L = 3R-2

F L+3 R+ 3 (13 =
7 + 2) 3) +

L =
34 + 3 3r -
2 + 3 =
7 + 6 + 28
=
37
3r + 1 = 13 + 2R

R = 12

Becca Susan Greg

b 3 s b 3 =
3(5 3) 9
3 g -6
- - -

Past
-
-

present S
D
9 b =
25 sta =

3(5 3) 9
-

25 3 = -
-

25 -
3 =
35 -
9 9
-

S =
15

g
=
24
Trigonometry
SOCATOA

Hypotenuse
sin-opposite opp

hypotenuse 7/
adj
cos =
ciacent
hypotenuse
E Hypotenuse
tan =
opposite adj
adjacent
7
opp

mental trig

32

.
cos =
left

sin-right
count amount of
fingers on
right or left
depending on if its cos or sin

amount of fingers
=
n

En
60 go
° "

.
ex sin 60 cos sin0 cos

n =
3 n = 1 n =
0n =
4

⑪ E T =
=
O

tan
enco
 212 +
b2 = 292
: b = 20

Cost
e
=

cos"
(2) 0
=

- =
43 6 .
=
B
90 -

43 6 .
=
46 . 4
A = 46 .
4
 30 -

60-90

300

2x

7 660

45 -

45 98
-

4S
T
1-

7 45
I
1
↑

45
16 = (8) I

z
64
·
A =

20
18 10 -
1055
-

so
lots
TV 182
314 -

553
= 221 .
6

==

&
& tango
3030

128 tans
(000
3(x() =

((500 x3 +

-(3x5) =

(500 + x()N
Ex =
Properties of addition

commutative
a+ b =
ba +

Associative

(a+ b) +c =
a + (b + c)
Identity
a+ 0= a

Inverse
( a)
a+ -
= 0

( 9) + a
-
=
0

Laws of exponents

Y
-v

t
=
x

(xm)n =
xmnm + n

ymyn =
X

xn-n
=
(xy)m
=
x
mm

( )"*
Statistics
-

collecting and understanding data

mean mode

-value that occurs most

ofallnumbera
frequently
um s if more than 2 modes , write all down

eX . if no modes write "none"

,

a range
-highest number -
smallest number
=
3 eX ,

median 1 , 2 ,
3, 4 , 5

middle number S -
1

trick for test =

4
n
=
number of elements

#
all numbers order
then cross out in
ascending
ex .

2
,
4, 7 ,
9 ,
10
,
14 , 3 11 , 9
,

n= 9

=
, X***
2

10
,
14 , * 11 , 9
,

median =
9
proof :

2
, 3 , 4 , 7, 99 , ,
10 ,
11 , 14

if n is even ,

2
,
4, 7 ,
9 ,
10
,
14 , 3 11 , 9 , 15
,

n = 10

= 5
.
6
345 2

&, #, X, 9 ,
10
,
14 , 3 11 ,
,
9 15,

find :
average

19
 Z

- - 250
138
90

12 - 116
108

11 -
2
100
54 5 56 correction
.

/
190 25652
158

90

s
mean : 54 . 5
median = G 5 .

-
mode = 89

- -

15
mean = 15 . 42
4
median =
14
mode =
7 38
32-7 25
range
= =

o
I

mean = 32 25.
32 25
.

median =
21137 29
=

mode=15 and 59
59-1
range=
48