CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction
This chapter presents the methodology employed for data collection and analysis in the study,
providing a detailed framework for addressing the research problem. It outlines the research
design, target population, sampling techniques, sample size, instrument validity, and data
analysis methods.
3.1 Research Design
The study utilizes a quantitative research design to explore the impact of mass media on public
awareness creation regarding infrastructural development under Governor Dapo Abiodun’s
administration. This design facilitates the collection of data from a specific population or sample
through structured methods such as questionnaires. By using this approach, the research ensures
an objective presentation of results and improves the reliability and validity of the findings.
3.2 Population of the Study
The study’s target population consists of residents from Abeokuta, Ijebu-Ode, and Ilaro, Nigeria.
As highlighted by Ohaja (2018), the population is composed of individuals who meet specific
criteria relevant to the research. According to the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (2024) and
[Link] (2024), Abeokuta South currently has a population of 20,878.
3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique
As defined by Kothari (2004), sample size refers to "the number of items selected from the
population to form a sample," and its determination depends on factors such as research
objectives, population size, and the desired level of precision. In this study, a simple random
sampling technique was employed to select participants from the study area. The data gathered
through questionnaires will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency counts
and percentages, which will be presented in tables and charts. This approach allows for a clearer
understanding of the relationships between the variables studied. The sample size was calculated
using the Taro Yamane formula.
n = N
1+N (e)2
Where:
n = Sample
N = Population
1= Constant
e = Error margin
Applying the formula above to a population of 20,878 respondents.
n=?
N = 20,878
e = 0.09
n = 20,878
1+20,878 (0.09)2
n = 20,878
1+20,878 (0.0081)
n = 20,878
1+169.1118
n = 20,878
170.1118
n = 150 respondents
Therefore, the sample size is 150 respondents
3.4 Instrument of Data Collection
The research tool for this study consists of a structured questionnaire containing relevant items,
which include both closed-ended questions and those formatted using a Likert scale to facilitate
comprehensive responses.
3.5 Data Collection Method
The researcher will personally administer the questionnaires to ensure effective collection and
retrieval. Distribution will occur at various locations within the Abeokuta South Local
Government Area to maximize the coverage and response rate.
3.6 Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument
To ensure the validity of the instrument, the questionnaire will undergo review and pilot testing
under the guidance of the research supervisor. This process aims to eliminate any ambiguities or
misinterpretations, ensuring the items are clear and appropriate. According to Wimmer and
Dominick (2003), reliability refers to an instrument's ability to produce consistent results under
repeated conditions. To assess reliability, the questionnaire will be distributed to a sample of
respondents in a pilot study, and the data will be analyzed. This will help verify the instrument’s
effectiveness in collecting accurate and relevant responses.
3.7 Data Analysis and Presentation Method
Quantitative analysis methods will be employed for the data. The collected data will be presented
in tabular form and analyzed using simple percentages. The Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS) software will also be used to enhance the accuracy and depth of the analysis.
