U ltimate Strength Design

Shear Design of Beams

Reference:
Design of Reinforced Concrete 9th Edition by J.C Mccormac
Reinforced Concrete Design Lectures by Engr. I.R Bonzon
National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010 / 2015 Edition

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY
Shear in Beams
- At a vertical section of a horizontal beam, shear is the internal force required to
produce vertical equilibrium.

- Loads acting on a beam produce bending moments and shear forces.

- Beams are usually designed for bending moments because the stresses produced
by shear forces are much smaller than those due to moment.

- However, once the beam size is established, shearing stress is checked to

determine if shear reinforcement, in the form of stirrups or inclined bars, is
necessary.
Shear Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Shear in Beams
- For a beam of constant cross section made of homogenous elastic material, the
shear stress is given by the expression:

𝑉𝑄
𝑣=
𝐼𝑏

Where:
𝑣 = unit horizontal shear stress at a section
𝑉 = total shear at section
𝑄 = statical moment of inertia
𝐼 = moment of inertia of the beam
𝑏 = width of the member
Shear in Beams
However, the above stated equation cannot be applied to reinforced concrete
beams due to the following reasons;

- reinforced concrete is not a homogenous material because it is formed by two

distinct materials - concrete and steel.

- concrete is not elastic.

- because of the possible cracks in a concrete beam, the actual cross section on
which to base the calculations of the gross area, moment of inertia and other
factors cannot be precisely determined.
Shear in Beams
Therefore, considering all of these conditions, the actual shear stress on a section
can be determined by using an empirical equation stated below;

𝑉𝑢
𝑣=
𝑏𝑑

Where:
𝑣 = actual shear stress at a section
𝑉𝑢 = design shear at section considered
𝑏 = width of the beam
𝑑 = effective depth of the beam
Nominal Shear Strength; 𝑉𝑢
𝛷𝑉𝑛 ≥ 𝑉𝑢

𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠

𝑉𝑢 = 𝛷𝑉𝑐 + 𝛷𝑉𝑠

𝛷 = 0.75

Cross-sectional dimensions subjected to one-way shear must satisfy the equation

below. (NSCP 2015, Section 422.5.1.2)

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝛷 𝑉𝑐 + 0.67 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
Nominal Shear Strength of Concrete; 𝑉𝑐
Simplified Method;
- For members subjected to shear and flexure only; (NSCP 2015, Section 422.5.6.1)

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑

- For members subjected to axial compression; (NSCP 2015, Section 422.5.7.1)

𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 + 𝜆 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑
14𝐴𝑔

𝑁𝑢 = sign of 𝑁𝑢 for axial compression is positive (+), and Vc shall not be less than
zero
Nominal Shear Strength of Concrete; 𝑣𝑐
Detailed Analysis Method;
- For members subjected to shear and flexure only; (NSCP 2015, Table 422.5.5.1)

𝑉𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = 0.16𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ + 17𝜌𝑤 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 ≤ 0.29𝜆 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑑
𝑀𝑢

Where:
𝑉𝑢 𝑑 𝐴𝑠
≤ 1.0 𝜌𝑤 =
𝑀𝑢 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

𝐴𝑠 = area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement, 𝑚𝑚2

Nominal Shear Strength of Concrete; 𝑉𝑐
Detailed Analysis Method;
- For members subjected to axial compression; (NSCP 2015, Table 422.5.5.1)

𝑉𝑢 𝑑 0.29𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.16𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ + 17𝜌𝑤 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 ≤ 0.29𝜆 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1+
𝑀𝑚 𝐴𝑔
Where:
𝑉𝑢 𝑑 𝐴𝑠
𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 1.0 𝜌𝑤 =
𝑀𝑚 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

4ℎ − 𝑑
𝑀𝑚 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑁𝑢
8
ℎ = height of beam 𝑁𝑢 = sign of 𝑁𝑢 for axial compression is positive (+)
Nominal Shear Strength of Concrete; 𝑉𝑐
Detailed Analysis Method;
- For members subjected to significant axial tension; (NSCP 2015, Section 422.5.7.1)

𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 + 𝜆 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑 ≥0
3.5𝐴𝑔

𝑁𝑢 = sign of 𝑁𝑢 for axial tension is negative (–)

Where:
𝜆 = 1.00 – Normal weight concrete
𝜆 = 0.85 – Sand lightweight concrete
𝜆 = 0.75 – All lightweight concrete
Nominal Shear Strength of Concrete; 𝑉𝑐
Circular Members; (NSCP 2015, Section 422.5.2.2)
For calculation of 𝑽𝒄 and 𝑽𝒔 in solid, circular sections, 𝑑 shall be permitted to be
taken as 0.8 times the diameter and 𝒃𝒘 shall be permitted to be taken as the
diameter.

𝑑(𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟) = 0.8 ∗ 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑏𝑤(𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟) = 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Nominal Shear Strength of Concrete; 𝑉𝑐
Where:
𝑉𝑢 = factored shear force at section, N
𝑀𝑢 = factored moment at section, N-mm
𝑏𝑤 = web width, or diameter of circular section, mm
𝑑 = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal
tension reinforcement, mm
𝐴𝑠 = area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement, mm2
𝑁𝑢 = factored axial load normal to cross section occurring simultaneously with
𝑉𝑢 or 𝑇𝑢 ; to be taken as positive for compression, negative for tension, N
𝑀𝑚 = factored moment modified to account for effect of axial compression, N-mm
ℎ = overall thickness or height of member, mm
Shear Reinforcements;
- when the concrete cross section has insufficient area to maintain shear stress
below the permissible values, additional resistance to shear may be provided.
- One form of shear reinforcement consists of hoops or stirrups, which may be
placed vertically or at some angle with the horizontal.
- Another form of web reinforcement may consist of flexural reinforcement, which
can be bent diagonally upward to reinforce the web
- Design yield strength of shear reinforcement shall not exceed 415 MPa.
Design of Shear Reinforcements;
- the design of web reinforcement, under the provisions of the Code, is based from
the computed strength of the two materials.

- In design, it is usually convenient to select a trial web-steel area based on

standard stirrups (usually in the range from No. 12 for stirrups and according to
the longitudinal rebar size for bent-up bars), for which the required spacing can
be found.

- It should be emphasized that when conventional U stirrups are used, the web
area provided by each stirrup is twice the cross-sectional area of the bar.
Design of Shear Reinforcements;
When shear reinforcement perpendicular to axis of member is used; (NSCP 2015,
Section 422.5.10.5.3)
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 =
𝑠

When inclined stirrups are used; (NSCP 2015, Section 422.5.10.5.4)

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 sin 𝛼 + cos 𝛼 𝑑

𝑉𝑠 =
𝑠

Section is inadequate if the shear in web reinforcements exceeds; (NSCP 2010,

Section 411.6.7.9)
≤ 0.66 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑
Maximum Spacing of Shear Reinforcements;
NSCP 2015, Table 409.7.6.2.2
Maximum Spacing of Shear Reinforcements;
Minimum Spacing of Shear Reinforcements;
A minimum area of shear reinforcement shall be provided in all reinforced concrete flexural
members where the factored shear force exceed one half the shear strength provided by
concrete, except for;
- slabs and footings
- concrete joist construction
- Beams with total depth, h not greater than 250 mm;
- Beams integral with slabs with total depth, h not greater than 600 mm, and not greater than 2.5
times thickness of flange or 0.50 the width of web

Where shear reinforcements is required, the minimum area of shear reinforcements shall be
computed by; NSCP 2015, Section 409.6.4.2

′
𝑏𝑤 𝑠 0.35𝑏𝑤 𝑠
𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.062 𝑓𝑐 ≤
𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡
Critical Section for Shear Stress;
For non-prestressed members, sections located less than a distance “d” from the
face of support shall be permitted to designed for the same ultimate shear as that
computed at a distance of “d”.

When;

𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑢 < Ø → 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
2

𝑉𝑐
Ø < 𝑉𝑢 < Ø𝑉𝑐 → 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠
2

Ø𝑉𝑐 < 𝑉𝑢 → 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠

Specified Clear Concrete Cover
Code Provisions
USD – SHEAR ANALYSIS
Example 1: Investigation
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600
mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each
of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of the shear reinforcement if the web
reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm. Use simplified
calculation for Vc.

a.) 60 kN
b.) 120 kN
c.) 400 kN
d.) 1,000 kN

Given:
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa
𝑓𝑦 = 414.00 MPa
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

a) 𝑉𝑢 = 60𝑘𝑁
1) Check for shear reinforcement
Using simplified calculation for 𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
25
𝑑 = 600 − 50 − 10 −
2
𝑑 = 527.5 𝑚𝑚

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑 = 0.17 1.0 30 400 527.5 = 196468.0814 𝑁

𝑉𝑐 = 196.4681 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 196.4681 = 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
= 0.75 196.4681 = 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
2
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

a) 𝑉𝑢 = 60𝑘𝑁
1) Check for shear reinforcement

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 196.4681 = 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
= 0.75 196.4681 = 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
2

𝛷𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑢 <
2
60 𝑘𝑁 < 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
No stirrups required
Note that in this situation, the value of 𝑉𝑠 ​is zero (the value of 𝑉𝑠 cannot be negative), and the
value of 𝑉𝑢 is less than 𝛷𝑉𝑐 /2.
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

b) 𝑉𝑢 = 120𝑘𝑁
1) Check for shear reinforcement
Using simplified calculation for 𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
25
𝑑 = 600 − 50 − 10 −
2
𝑑 = 527.5 𝑚𝑚

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑 = 0.17 1.0 30 400 527.5 = 196468.0814 𝑁

𝑉𝑐 = 196.4681 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 196.4681 = 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
= 0.75 196.4681 = 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
2
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

b) 𝑉𝑢 = 120𝑘𝑁
1) Check for shear reinforcement

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 196.4681 = 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
= 0.75 196.4681 = 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
2

𝛷𝑉𝑐
< 𝑉𝑢 < 𝛷𝑉𝑐
2
73.6755 𝑘𝑁 < 120 𝑘𝑁 < 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
Since < 𝑉𝑢 < 𝛷𝑉𝑐 and the beam height is greater that 250 mm, provide minimum stirrups.
2

Note that in this situation, the value of 𝑉𝑠 ​is zero (the value of 𝑉𝑠 cannot be negative), but the
value of 𝑉𝑢 is greater than 𝛷𝑉𝑐 /2.
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

b) 𝑉𝑢 = 120𝑘𝑁
2) Determine the minimum required reinforcement
𝑏𝑤 𝑠 0.35𝑏𝑤 𝑠
𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.062 𝑓′𝑐 ≤
𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡

𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑤 400 𝑚𝑚2

= 0.062 𝑓′𝑐 = 0.062 30 = 0.3281
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑡 414 𝑚
𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.35𝑏𝑤 0.35 400 𝑚𝑚2
= = = 0.3382
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑡 414 𝑚

𝑨𝒗 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒎𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟖𝟐 (𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)
𝒔 𝒎𝒎
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

b) 𝑉𝑢 = 120𝑘𝑁
3) Determine the minimum required spacing
𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚2
= 0.3382
𝑠 𝑚

Using 10-mm bars with 2-legged stirrups.

𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑠 (𝐴𝑏 )
=
𝑠 𝑠

2 10 2
0.3382 = 4
𝑠
𝑠 = 464.5070 𝑚𝑚
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

c) 𝑉𝑢 = 120𝑘𝑁
4) Check for maximum spacing
𝑉𝑠 ≤ or > 0.33 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 = 0 𝑘𝑁 (𝑉𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)

0.33 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33 30 400 527.5 = 381379.2168 𝑁

𝑉𝑠 ≤ 0.33 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 381.3792 𝑘𝑁

𝑑 527.5
𝑠≤ = = 263.75 𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝑠 ≤ 600 mm

𝒔 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 𝒃𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒚 𝟐𝟓

Note: The method of rounding down the spacing depends on the designer's discretion.
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

c) 𝑉𝑢 = 400𝑘𝑁
1) Check for shear reinforcement
Using simplified calculation for 𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
25
𝑑 = 600 − 50 − 10 −
2
𝑑 = 527.5 𝑚𝑚

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑 = 0.17 1.0 30 400 527.5 = 196468.0814 𝑁

𝑉𝑐 = 196.4681 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 196.4681 = 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
= 0.75 196.4681 = 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
2
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

c) 𝑉𝑢 = 400𝑘𝑁
1) Check for shear reinforcement

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 196.4681 = 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
= 0.75 196.4681 = 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
2

𝛷𝑉𝑐 < 𝑉𝑢
147.3511 𝑘𝑁 < 400 𝑘𝑁
Provide shear reinforcement
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

c) 𝑉𝑢 = 400𝑘𝑁
2) Check the adequacy of the section in terms of one-way shear strength.
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝛷 𝑉𝑐 + 0.67 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = 196.4681 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 0.75 196.4681 10 3 + 0.67 30 400 527.5 = 728087.5957 𝑁

400 𝑘𝑁 ≤ 728.0876 𝑘𝑁

Section is sufficiently large.

Note that the section is inadequate if the shear in web reinforcements exceeds 0.66 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

c) 𝑉𝑢 = 400𝑘𝑁
3) Solve for the value of 𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑢 = 𝛷𝑉𝑐 + 𝛷𝑉𝑠

𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐
𝛷
3
400 10
𝑉𝑠 = − 196468.0814 = 336865.252 𝑁
0.75
𝑉𝑠 = 336.8652 𝑘𝑁
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

c) 𝑉𝑢 = 400𝑘𝑁
4) Solve for the required spacing of shear reinforcement
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 =
𝑠
𝑉𝑠 = 336.8652 𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑣(𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑) 3
𝑉𝑠 336.8652 10
= =
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 414 527.5
𝐴𝑣(𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑) 𝑚𝑚2
= 1.5425
𝑠 𝑚𝑚
Using 10-mm bars with 2-legged stirrups.

2 10 2
1.5425 = 4
𝑠
𝑠 = 101.8325 𝑚𝑚
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

c) 𝑉𝑢 = 400𝑘𝑁
4) Check for maximum spacing
𝑉𝑠 ≤ or > 0.33 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 = 336.8652 𝑘𝑁

0.33 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33 30 400 527.5 = 381379.2168 𝑁

𝑉𝑠 ≤ 0.33 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 381.3792 𝑘𝑁

𝑑 527.5
𝑠≤ = = 263.75 𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝑠 ≤ 600 mm

𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 𝒃𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒚 𝟐𝟓

Note: The method of rounding down the spacing depends on the designer's discretion.
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

d) 𝑉𝑢 = 1000𝑘𝑁
1) Check for shear reinforcement
Using simplified calculation for 𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
25
𝑑 = 600 − 50 − 10 −
2
𝑑 = 527.5 𝑚𝑚

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑 = 0.17 1.0 30 400 527.5 = 196468.0814 𝑁

𝑉𝑐 = 196.4681 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 196.4681 = 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
= 0.75 196.4681 = 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
2
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

d) 𝑉𝑢 = 1000𝑘𝑁
1) Check for shear reinforcement

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 196.4681 = 147.3511 𝑘𝑁

𝛷𝑉𝑐
= 0.75 196.4681 = 73.6755 𝑘𝑁
2

𝛷𝑉𝑐 < 𝑉𝑢
147.3511 𝑘𝑁 < 400 𝑘𝑁
Provide shear reinforcement
Example 1: Design
A simply supported beam has a rectangular section with a width of 400 mm and a height of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 4-25 mm
diameter tension bars. Check if the section is adequate for each of the following ultimate shear forces, and design the spacing of
the shear reinforcement if the web reinforcement has a diameter of 10 mm. The clear concrete cover is 50 mm.
a.) 60 kN b.) 120 kN c.) 400 kN d.) 1,000 kN
𝑓𝑐′ = 30.00 MPa 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 414.00 MPa

d) 𝑉𝑢 = 1000𝑘𝑁
2) Check the adequacy of the beam in terms of one-way shear strength.
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝛷 𝑉𝑐 + 0.67 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = 196.4681 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 0.75 196.4681 10 3 + 0.67 30 400 527.5 = 728087.5957 𝑁

𝑉𝑢 = 1000 𝑘𝑁 > 728.0876 𝑘𝑁

The section is inadequate; redesign.

Note that the section is inadequate if the shear in web reinforcements exceeds 0.66 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑