A Detailed Lesson Plan in English 4
Identifying the Elements of a Story
Submitted by:
Lopez, Adrian Kurt Russell C.
Submitted to:
Mrs. Carla A. Dacumos
2nd Semester
S.Y. 2025-2026
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Identify the elements of a story: characters, setting, plot, problem
and moral lesson.
b. Participate actively in each activity.
c. Analyze how the main parts of a short story work together.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
Subject Matter: Identifying Elements of a Short Story
Reference: Internet, Lesson Exemplar (Quarter 3)
Skills: Participating actively in doing activities
Materials: Tarpapel, Slide deck, picture
Values: Cooperation and unity in doing activities, Confidence in your self
Strategy: Explicit Strategy
III. PROCEDURE
Teachers’ Activity Learner’s Activity
A. Preliminary Activities
1.Preparation
A. Prayer
Good morning, class! Good morning, sir!
Before we start, I want you all to
stand and let’s pray.
B. Checking of attendance
Who is absent today, class? None, teacher
Very Good, you all are complete!
C. Classroom Rules
What are our rules when class Listen to the teacher if he is
starts? talking in front
Don't make any noises
Always show respect to your
teacher and fellow classmates.
D.Singing
Title: The ant and grasshopper
2.Review
What have we learned in our About verb
previous lesson?
Verb refers to action words
What is verb?
jump, sing, dance, write, draw
Kindly give an example?
B. Presentation
1.Modelling (I DO)
A.Motivation
Direction: Assemble the jigsaw
puzzle.
What word did you form from the The true friend
jigsaw puzzle?
A family
What does this mean to you?
Yes, teacher
Do you have a friend or best friend?
B. Presenting the lesson
1.Setting of Standards
What are the standards in listening Seat properly
to the lesson? Listen to the teacher
Respect the teacher and fellow
classmates
Today, we will about to watch a
story about true friend.
The True Friend
What is the title of the story?
About friendship
What does the story about?
Squirrel and Puppy
Who are the characters?
Value integration Always have confidence in your
What is the moral lesson of the self
story? Everyone is unique in his own
away
Short Story- A short story is a brief
work of fiction that is usually written
in prose and is shorter than a
novel. Short stories are often
designed to be read in one sitting
and can be between 1,000 and
7,500 words.
The setting refers to the time and
place where the story occurs. It
includes the physical environment,
such as the location, weather, and
landscape, as well as the time
period, historical context, and
sometimes the social or cultural
backdrop.
In a short story, characters are the
individuals who take part in the
story's events. They can be human,
animal, or even objects or forces
that are personified. The characters'
actions, thoughts, dialogue, and
interactions with each other drive
the plot and help to reveal the
themes of the story.
There are two main types of
characters:
1.Main Characters (Protagonist
and Antagonist):
Protagonist: The main
character around whom the
story revolves. This character
usually faces a challenge or
conflict that needs to be
resolved.
Antagonist: The character or
force that opposes or creates
conflict for the protagonist.
This can be another person,
society, nature, or even an
internal struggle within the
protagonist.
2.Supporting Characters: These
are the other characters who
contribute to the plot but are not the
central focus. They help shape the
protagonist's journey or the overall
narrative.
The plot of a short story refers to
the sequence of events that make
up the narrative. It is the structure
that outlines how the story unfolds,
from the beginning to the end.
In a short story, the problem is the
central struggle or problem that
drives the plot. It is the challenge
that the protagonist (main
character) faces, which they must
overcome, and it often creates
tension, suspense, or emotional
engagement in the story. The
conflict is a key element because it
propels the narrative forward and
shapes the characters' actions and
decisions.
In a short story, the moral lesson is
the central idea or underlying
message that the author seeks to Yes, teacher
convey. It reflects insights into
human nature, society, or life in
general, and is often implied rather
than explicitly stated. The theme A short story is a brief work of
serves as the foundation that unifies fiction that typically focuses on a
various elements of the narrative, single event, character, or theme.
such as plot, characters, and setting.
Setting
Characters
Plot
Did you understand our lesson for Problem
today? Moral lesson
C.Concept Formative Protagonist
What is a short story? Antagonist
What are the elements of a short
story?
1.Listen to the teacher and read
We call it as the main character of the instructions carefully.
the story? 2.Participate actively
3.Respect your teacher and fellow
The villain of the story? classmates
2.Guided Practice
(We do)
A.Group Activity
I will group you into three groups.
What area the rules in doing group
activities?
Group 1
Directions: Identify the setting,
characters, plot, problem, and moral
lesson of the story.
Group 2
Directions: Identify the words if it is
setting, character, plot, problem, or
moral lesson.
1.Dr. Adriana
2.City of San Fernando
3.Coach Kaili
4.Facing your fears
5.Dr. Adriana and Coach Kaili make
a bad decision
6.The ant and grasshopper fight
each other
7.In the dark forest
8.Personal growth
9.Maria lost her wallet
10.In the beginning
Group 3
Direction: Match column A to column We need unity and cooperation
B
A B
1.These are the A.Antagonist
people who drive
the story.
2.The main
B.Protagonist
character of the
story.
3.The villain in a
story C.Characters
4.We called it as
the most exciting D.Setting
part of the story.
E.Climax
5.This is the time
and place where
the story
happened.
Value Integration
What did you observe while doing
group activity?
Yes, teacher
3. Independent Practice
Directions: Give one example in
every element. Choose your answer
in the box
Elements Examples
1.Setting
2.Character
3.Plot
4.Problem
5.Moral lesson
Choices:
San Juan Central School
Mr. Russell
Mr. Russell starts experiencing
disturbing dreams
Mr. Rusell went to market then
suddenly he lost his wallet
In the end, Mr. Russell found his
wallet end went to his home happy
Did you enjoy your activity?
Great! Give yourselves a swabe
clap!
IV. EVALUATION
Name:
Grade:
Instruction: Read each question carefully and encircle the best
answer.
1. What part of a short story refers to the people or animals
involved in the events?
a) Setting
b) Characters
c) Plot
d) Moral Lesson
2. The time and place where a story happens is called the ________.
a) Plot
b) Conflict
c) Setting
d) Resolution
3. What is the main struggle or challenge that the characters face
in the story?
a) Setting
b) Plot
c) Problem
d) Moral Lesson
4. Which element refers to the sequence of events that make up
the story?
a) Characters
b) Plot
c) Moral Lesson
d) Setting
5. What do we call the lesson or message that the story teaches?
a) Moral Lesson
b) Conflict
c) Characters
d) Setting
V. ASSIGNMENT
Direction: Read the story entitled “Rabbit and the Dog” then identify the
characters, setting, problem, plot, and moral lesson of the story.
