Aerospace Engineering, IIT Kharagpur
Introduction to Aerospace Structures
Tutorial sheet – 7
1. At a point in an elastic material, there are two mutually perpendicular planes, one of which
carries a direct tensile stress of 50 N/mm2 and a shear stress of 40 N/mm2, while the other plane
is subjected to a direct compressive stress of 35N/mm2 and a complementary shear stress of
40N/mm2. Determine the principal stresses at the point, the position of the planes on which they
act, and the position of the planes on which there is no normal stress.
2. Direct stresses of 160 N/mm2 (tension) and 120 N/mm2 (compression) are applied at a particular
point in an elastic material on two mutually perpendicular planes. The principal stress in the
material is limited to 200 N/mm2 (tension). Calculate the allowable value of shear stress at the
point on the given planes. Determine also the value of the other principal stress and the
maximum value of shear stress at the point. Verify your answer using Mohr’s circle.
3. A spherical pressure vessel has an internal diameter of 2 m and is fabricated from plates 20 mm
thick. If the pressure inside the vessel is 20 N/mm2, calculate the direct and shear stresses on a
plane inclined at an angle of 30o to the axis of the vessel. Calculate also the maximum shear
stress.
4. A cylindrical pressure vessel has an internal diameter of 2 m and is fabricated from plates 20
mm thick. If the pressure inside the vessel is 1.5 N/mm2 and, in addition, the vessel is subjected
to an axial tensile load of 2500 kN, calculate the direct and shear stresses on a plane inclined at
an angle of 60o to the axis of the vessel. Calculate also the maximum shear stress.
5. A rectangular element in a linearly elastic isotropic material is subjected to tensile stresses of
83 and 65N/mm2 on mutually perpendicular planes. Determine the strain in the direction of
each stress and in the direction perpendicular to both stresses. Find also the principal strains,
the maximum shear stress, the maximum shear strain, and their directions at the point. Take
E=200000 N/mm2 and =0.3.
6. At a particular point in a structural member, a two-dimensional stress system exists where
𝜎𝑥 =60 N/mm2, σy=−40 N/mm2, and τxy=50 N/mm2. If Young’s modulus E=200000 N/mm2
and Poisson’s ratio ν=0.3, calculate the direct strain in the x and y directions and the shear strain
at the point. Also calculate the principal strains at the point and their inclination to the plane on
which 𝜎𝑥 acts; verify these answers using a graphical method.
7. A rosette strain gage is an electromechanical device that can measure relative surface
elongations in three directions. Bonding such a device to the surface of a structure allows
determination of elongational strains in particular directions. A schematic of one such gage is
shown in the following figure, and the output of the device will provide data on the strains along
the gage arms a, b, and c. During one application, it is found that 𝜖𝑎 = 0.001, 𝜖𝑏 = 0.002 and
𝜖𝑐 = 0.004. Using the two-dimensional strain transformation relations, calculate the surface
strain components ex, ey, and exy.
8. A rosette strain gage (see above problem) is mounted on the surface of an elastic solid at point
O as shown in the following figure. The three gage readings give surface extensional strains
𝜖𝑎 = 300 × 10−6 , 𝜖𝑏 = 400 × 10−6 and 𝜖𝑐 = 100 × 10−6 . Assume that the out-of-plane
strain components are zero. Considering that the material is steel (E=210 GPa and =0.3),
determine all stress components at O for the given coordinate system.
9. A rectangular steel (E=210 GPa and =0.3) plate (thickness 4 mm) is subjected to a uniform
biaxial stress field as shown in the following figure. Assuming all fields are uniform, determine
changes in the dimensions of the plate under this loading.
