Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
(MMPI)
GROUP MEMBERS
Fatima Sameen (012)
Amna Zaib (002)
Mehar Yousaf Durrani (031)
Maryum Khawar (029)
Huma Malak (017)
Ayesha Amjad (003)
• The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI) was developed in 1937 by clinical
psychologist Starke R. Hathaway and
neuropsychiatrist J. Charnley McKinley at the
University of Minnesota
• MMPI is standardized questionnaire that elicit a
wide range of self descriptions score to give a
quantitative measurement of an individual level of
emotional adjustment and attitude toward test
taking.
• The MMPI-2 contains 567 test items and takes approximately 60
to 90 minutes to complete.
• The MMPI-2-RF contains 338 questions and takes around 35 to 50
minutes to finish.
• The MMPI-3 contains 335 self-report items and takes 25 to 35
minutes to administer by computer and 35 to 40 minutes to
administer by paper and pencil.
• The MMPI should be administered, scored, and interpreted by a
professional, preferably a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist,
who has received special training in MMPI use.
• The MMPI can be administered individually or in groups and
computerized versions are available as well.
• Both the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF are designed for individuals
aged 18 years and older.
Scale 1: Scale Scale
Scale 2: Scale 3: Hysteria
Hypochondriasis 4:Psychopathic 5:Masculinity
Depression (D) (Hy)
(Hs) Deviate Femininity
Scale 7: Scale 8: Scale 9: Scale 0: Social
Scale 6: Paranoia
Psychasthenia Schizophrenia Hypomania introversion
Scale 1 had 33 items.
The items on this scale concern poor
physical health and gastrointestinal
difficulties.
Person feels ill but generally he is in good
medical condition.
High scores on the scale show not only a
high concern with illness and disease but
also are likely to be egocentric, immature,
pessimistic, whiny and passive-aggressive.
Scale 2 comprises 60 items on the
MMPI
This scale was originally designed
to identify depression,
characterized by poor morale, lack
of hope in the future, and general
dissatisfaction with one's own life
situation.
Very high scores may indicate
depression, while moderate scores
tend to reveal a general
dissatisfaction with one’s life
Scale three head 60 items.
The third scale was originally
designed to identify those who
display hysteria or physical
complaints in stressful situations.
he Hysteria scale primarily
measures five components — poor
physical health, shyness, cynicism,
headaches and neuroticism.
The purpose of scale 450 items is to assess the
person general level of social adjustment.
Originally developed to identify psychopathic
individuals, this scale measures social deviation,
lack of acceptance of authority, and amorality (a
disregard for morality).
This scale can be thought of as a measure of
disobedience and antisocial behavior.
High scorers tend to be more rebellious, while low
scorers are more accepting of authority. Despite
the name of this scale, high scorers are usually
diagnosed with a personality disorder rather than
a psychotic disorder
This scale consists of 55 items
This scale was designed by the original
authors to identify what they referred to as
"homosexual tendencies," for which it was
largely ineffective.
Today, it is used to assess how much or how
little a person identifies how rigidly an
individual identifies with stereotypical male
and female gender roles.
Scale 6 had 40 items.
This scale was originally developed
to identify individuals with
paranoid symptoms such as
suspiciousness, feelings of
persecution, grandiose self-
concepts, excessive sensitivity, and
rigid attitudes.
Those who score high on this scale
tend to have paranoid or psychotic
symptoms.
There are 48 item on scale 7.
This scale was originally used to measure excessive doubts, compulsions,
obsessions, and unreasonable fears.
This diagnostic label is no longer used today, and the symptoms described on this
scale are more reflective of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive
disorder.
Scale 8 had 78 items.
This scale was originally developed to
identify individuals with schizophrenia.
It reflects a wide variety of areas including
bizarre thought processes and peculiar
perceptions, social alienation, poor familial
relationships, difficulties in concentration
and impulse control, lack of deep interests,
disturbing questions of self-worth and self-
identity, and sexual difficulties
The scale can also show potential substance
abuse, emotional or social alienation,
eccentricities, and a limited interest in other
people.
This scale consists of 46 items.
This scale was developed to identify
characteristics of hypomania such as
elevated mood, hallucinations, delusions
of grandeur, accelerated speech and
motor activity, irritability, flight of ideas,
and brief periods of depression.
Extremely high scores are suggestive of
a moderate manic episode
Person scoring low on the scale are
likely to have low level of energy and
activity.
This scale was developed later than the other
nine scales.
It's designed to assess a person’s shyness
and tendency to withdraw from social
contacts and responsibilities
High scores suggest that the respondent is
shy has limited social skills feels
uncomfortable in social interactions and
withdraws from many interpersonal situations
Low scorers are described as warm,
outgoing, assertive, self confident and
verbally fluent.
All the MMPI tests use validity scales
of varying sorts to help assess the
accuracy of everyone's answers.
Validity scales can show how accurate
the test is, as well as to what degree
MMPI: VALIDITY answers may have been distorted
SCALES Can not say (?) scale
Lie (L) scale
F (Infrequency) scale
K (defensiveness) scale
CAN NOT SAY (?) Also known as the "cannot say" scale, this validity
scale assesses the number of items left unanswered.
SCALE The MMPI manual recommends that any test with 30
or more unanswered questions should be declared
invalid.
This "uncommon virtues" validity scale was
developed to detect attempts by individuals to
present themselves in a favorable light.
LIE (L) SCALE Consists of 15 items.
People who score high on this scale deliberately try
to present themselves in the most positive way
possible, rejecting shortcomings or unfavorable
characteristics
This scale is used to detect attempts at
overreporting.
Essentially, people who score high on this scale are
F (INFREQUENCY) trying to appear worse than they really are, they
may be in severe psychological distress, or they
SCALE may be just randomly answering questions without
paying attention to what the questions say.
This scale asks questions designed to determine if
test-takers are contradicting themselves in their
responses
Sometimes referred to as the "defensiveness scale,"
K (DEFENSIVENESS) this scale is a more effective and less obvious way of
detecting attempts to present oneself in the best
SCALE
possible way by underreporting.
People may underreport because they're worried
about being judged or they may be minimizing their
problems or denying that they have any problems at
all
