Hawler Medical University
College Of Helth Science
Physiotherapy Department
Prepare By:
Hawro Mohammed Naji
Dldar Dlshad Zrar
Omar Sdiq Rashid
Supervied by:
Dr. Aram salahuddin
Contents
Introduction
Structure of muscle
Type of muscles
Main function of muscle
Introduction
The muscular system consists of various types of muscle
that each play a crucial role in the function of the body.
Muscular system functions include mobility, stability,
posture, circulation, and more .
.
Structure Of Muscle
Muscles Are Made Up Of Fibers
That’s Smallest Unit Each Muscle
Fiber Surrounding By Endomysium
And Bundle Of Muscle Fiber Is
Called Fascicle That Surrounds By
Perimysium And The Bundle Of
Fascicle Is Called A Muscle Tissue
Such As (Biceps) .
Type of muscle
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that
can be consciously controlled. They are
attached to bones, and contracting the
muscles causes movement of those bones.
Any action that a person consciously
undertakes involves the use of skeletal
muscles. Examples of such activities include
running, chewing, and writing.
.
Type of muscle
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle lines the inside of blood
vessels and organs, such as the stomach, and
is also known as visceral muscle.
It is the weakest type of muscle but has an
essential role in moving food along the
digestive tract and maintaining blood
circulation through the blood vessels.
Smooth muscle acts involuntarily and cannot
be consciously controlled.
Type of muscle
Cardiac muscle
Located only in the heart, cardiac muscle
pumps blood around the body. Cardiac
muscle stimulates its own contractions that
form our heartbeat. Signals from the
nervous system control the rate of
contraction. This type of muscle is strong
and acts involuntarily.
Main function of muscle
1. Mobility
The muscular system’s main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract,
they contribute to gross and fine movement.
Gross movement refers to large, coordinated motions and includes:
• walking
• running
• swimming
Fine movement involves smaller movements, such as:
• writing
• speaking
• facial expressions
The smaller skeletal muscles are usually responsible for this type of action.
Most muscle movement of the body is under conscious control. However, some
movements are reflexive, such as withdrawing a hand from a source of heat.
Main function of muscle
2. Stability
Muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint
stability.
Muscle tendons in the knee joint and the shoulder joint are
crucial in stabilization.
The core muscles are those in the abdomen, back, and
pelvis, and they also stabilize the body and assist in tasks,
such as lifting weights.
3. Posture
Skeletal muscles help keep the body in the correct position
when someone is sitting or standing.
This is known as posture.
Good posture relies on strong, flexible muscles. Stiff, weak,
or tight muscles contribute to poor posture and misalignment
of the body.
4. Circulation 5. Respiration
The heart is a muscle that pumps Breathing involves the use of the
blood throughout the body. The diaphragm muscle.
movement of the heart is outside of The diaphragm is a dome-shaped
conscious control, and it contracts muscle located below the lungs.
automatically when stimulated by When the diaphragm contracts, it
electrical signals. pushes downward, causing the
Smooth muscle in the arteries and chest cavity to get bigger. The
veins plays a further role in the lungs then fill with air. When the
circulation of blood around the body. diaphragm muscle relaxes, it
These muscles maintain blood pushes air out of the lungs.
pressure and circulation in the event of When someone wants to breath
blood loss or dehydration. more deeply, it requires help from
They expand to increase blood flow other muscles, including those in
during times of intense exercise when the abdomen, back, and neck.
the body requires more oxygen.
6. Urination 7. Childbirth
The urinary system comprises both Smooth muscles in the
smooth and skeletal muscles, including uterus expand and contract
those in the: during childbirth. These
bladder kidneys movements push the baby
penis or vagina prostate ureters urethra through the vagina.
The muscles and nerves must work Also, the pelvic floor
together to hold and release urine from muscles help to guide the
the bladder. baby's head down the birth
Urinary problems, such as poor bladder canal.
control or retention of urine, are caused
by damage to the nerves that carry
signals to the muscles.
8. Vision
Six skeletal muscles around the eye control its
movements. These muscles work quickly and precisely,
and allow the eye to:
maintain a stable image scan the surrounding area
track moving objects
If someone experiences damage to their eye muscles, it
can impair their vision.
9. Organ protection
Muscles in the torso protect the internal organs at the
front, sides, and back of the body. The bones of the
spine and the ribs provide further protection.
10. Temperature regulation
Maintaining normal body temperature is an important function
of the muscular system.
Almost 85 percentTrusted Source of the heat a person
generates in their body comes from contracting muscles.
When body heat falls below optimal levels, the skeletal
muscles increase their activity to make heat. Shivering is one
example of this mechanism.
Muscles in the blood vessels also contract to maintain body
heat.
Body temperature can be brought back within normal range
through the relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessels.
This action increases blood flow and releases excess heat
through the skin.
