Introduction to Completions

Schlumberger Private
WCP1-016
Fundamental Requirements
y A completion system must provide a means of oil or gas
production which is:
y Safe
y e.g., well security, environment
y Efficient

Schlumberger Private
y e.g., production objectives
y Economic
y e.g., cost vs. revenue

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 2

Completion – Definition
Definition:
y The methodology and technology required to produce
recoverable reserves (reservoir to surface).

Schlumberger Private
Process:
y The design, selection and installation of tubulars, tools and
equipment, located in the wellbore, for the purpose of
conveying, pumping or controlling production (or injection)
fluids.

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 3

Completion History/Evolution
y 1300 Marco Polo – wells dug at Caspian Sea
y 1814 First naturally flowing oil well – 475 ft
y 1822 Rudimentary art of drilling established
y 1905 Casing cemented
y 1911 First gas lift device

Schlumberger Private
y 1913 First dual completion
y 1926 First electric submersible pump
y 1933 First gun perforation job
y 1969 Commercial coiled tubing services introduced

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 4

Completions – The Last 25 Years
yOver the past 25 years completion evolution has effected:
y Philosophy
y Technology
y Applications
y Safety

Schlumberger Private
y Contingency

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 5

 US$ x 1000

100
200
300
400
500
M
ob
C /D
as em
Dr ing ob
illi
n
Completion Cost

Dr g R
illi
ng ig
C Flu
om
id
Lo pl
e s
gg tio
in n
Di
re g Tu
ct & bu
Bit ion P er la
s& fo rs
al r &
C C Se at
in Eq
em o r rv g
Su en ing ic ui
pm
es

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 6

pe tin en
Sit rvis g t
e io
Pr n
Operational Phase/Cost Category

Re ep
nt a
Pe a l E ra ti
rso q on
u
O nn ip m
th e
er l L en
C og t
yCompletion cost (relative) example for a 10,000 ft land well

am ist
p ic
s

Schlumberger Private
Completion Design Factors
y Principal completion design factor include:
y Casing protection
y e.g., protection against erosion, corrosion
y Tubing string removal
y e.g., for replacement or workover for the live of the well

Schlumberger Private
y Safety or contingency
y e.g., requirements for safety valves and well kill
y Production control
y e.g., components providing flexibility and control of production
(nipples, profiles and sliding sleeves

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 7

Basic Production Configurations
y Majority of completions are based on the following
completion configurations
y Reservoir interface
y Openhole
y

Schlumberger Private
Casing production
y Liner production
y Gravel pack wellbore
y Production conduit
y Suspended tubing
y Basic packer
y Packer and tailpipe
y Packer with additional safety and production devices

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 8

Open Hole Production
Key points
y No downhole flow
control or isolation
y Producing formation is

Schlumberger Private
unsupported
y Casing provides
isolation between
shallower formations

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 9

Casing Production
Key points
y No downhole flow
control or isolation
y Casing provides

Schlumberger Private
isolation between
shallower formations
with potential for
remedial work to isolate
sections of perforated
interval

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 10

Liner Production
Key points
y Similar to casing
production but with
smaller (and shorter)
tubulars set through the

Schlumberger Private
reservoir

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 11

Gravel Pack Wellbore
Key points
y Special application -
requirement determined
by formation type
y May require special

Schlumberger Private
operation
(underreaming) during
well construction phase

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 12

Gravel Pack - Screens

Schlumberger Private
Wire wrapped Prepacked screen
screen

yGravel pack screen types

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 13

Simple Tubing Completion
Key features
y Circulation capability
(well kill or kick-off)
y Improves hydraulic

Schlumberger Private
performance
y Limited protection for
casing

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 14

Basic Packer Completion
Key features
y Tubing Anchoring
y Isolation of Production
Interval

Schlumberger Private
y Circulation capability
(determined by design
and setting of packer)
y Casing string protected
from fluid and pressure
effects

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 15

Packer with Tailpipe
Key features
y Additional flexibility for
downhole production
(flow)control, e.g., plugs
y Facility for downhole

Schlumberger Private
instruments (gauges)

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 16

Enhanced Packer Installation
Key features
y Improved flexibility for
downhole production
control, e.g., plugs
above or below packer

Schlumberger Private
y Circulation capability
independent of packer
y Safety facility (SSSV)

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 17

Completion Examples
The following completion examples are extracted from design
files for:
y Single zone completions
y Multiple zone completions
y

Schlumberger Private
Liner completions
y Special completions
y Sand control
y Inhibitor injection
y Waterflood
y Thermal
y Remedial (scab liner)

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 18

Single Zone – Retrievable Packer
Key Features
y Tail-pipe facility for
pressure and
temperature gauges
y Fully retrievable

Schlumberger Private
completion
y Packer can be set with
well flanged up
y Thru-tubing perforation
possible where size
permits

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 19

Single Zone – Seal-Bore Packer
Key Features
y Seal-bore packer set on
electric-line or tubing
y On-off connector and

Schlumberger Private
tubing anchor allows
tubing to be retrieved
y Tailpipe plugged and left
in wellbore or retrieved
with production tubing

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 20

Single Zone – Packer and Tailpipe
Key Features
y Tailpipe plugged and left
in wellbore when
production tubing is
retrieved

Schlumberger Private
y Permits safe thru-tubing
perforating
y Block and kill system
facilitates the killing of
high-pressure, high-
flowrate wells

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 21

Single Zone – Casing Seal Receptacle
Key Features
y Expansion joint allows
for tubing movement
y Tailpipe retrievable

Schlumberger Private
(separately)
y Protective sleeve run in
CSR during primary and
remedial cementing

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 22

Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 1 Packer
Key Features
y Separate or commingled
production through
single tubing string
y Blast joint protection

Schlumberger Private
across upper interval
y On-off connector and
tubing anchor permits
tubing retrieval with
lower interval isolated

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 23

Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 2 Packers
Key Features
y Independent production
through dual tubing
strings
y Blast joint protection

Schlumberger Private
across upper interval
y Both packers retrievable
y Tailpipe instrument
facility on both strings
y Thru-tubing perforation
of lower zone possible

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 24

Multiple Zones – 3 Zones 3 Packers
Key Features
y Several zones produced
through one tubing
string
y Flow controlled by

Schlumberger Private
wireline retrievable
choke/check valves
y By-pass sliding sleeve
prevents communication
during service work
y Up to five zones have
been produced using
this method

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 25

Multiple Zones – 4 Zones 4 Packers
Key Features
y Four zone selective
production system
y Dual production strings

Schlumberger Private
y Commingled or alternate
production controlled by
sliding sleeves
y System contains 28
major downhole
components

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 26

Liner CSR
Key Features
y Most simple liner hook-
up
y CSR replaces packer

Schlumberger Private
y Fluid circulation through
sliding sleeve above the
liner hanger
y Tailpipe retrieved with
production tubing

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 27

CSR and Seal-Bore Packer
Key Features
y Liner top/lap is
permanently isolated
y Fluid circulation through

Schlumberger Private
sliding sleeve above the
packer
y Tailpipe can be plugged
to allow retrieval of the
production tubing

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 28

Special Service Completions
Special completion examples include:
y Sand control
y Inhibitor injection
y Waterflood

Schlumberger Private
y Tubing/casing repair

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 29

Gravel Pack Completion
Key Features
y Tools set and gravel placed using
a service tool and tubing
workstring
y Gravel squeezed into perforation

Schlumberger Private
tunnels
y Production tubing stung-in to
production seal-assembly
y Specialised service typically
involving dedicated service
equipment and personnel

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 30

Inhibitor Injection
Key Features
y Side pocket mandrel
injection permits protection
inside production tubing
above the packer

Schlumberger Private
y Injection nipple and small
diameter injection line is
suitable for shallow
applications

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 31

Inhibitor – Complete Protection
Key Features
y Parallel flow tube and
seal-bore packer
enables inhibitor to be
pumped down short

Schlumberger Private
string
y All flow-wetted
completion components
are exposed to inhibitor
fluid
y Inhibitor flow controlled
at surface

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 32

Waterflood
Key Features
y Two injection zones
treated with both flow
control regulators
located at surface

Schlumberger Private
y Totally separate
injection systems

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 33

Waterflood – Thick Injection Zone
Key Features
y Injection efficiency in
thick zones is improved
by using multiple
injection points

Schlumberger Private
y Downhole flow
regulation helps prevent
premature breakthrough
between intra-zonal
sections

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 34

Thermal Completion – Steam Injection
Key Features
y Packer incorporates an
integral expansion/slip
joint assembly
y SPM allows insulation

Schlumberger Private
material to be circulated
into annulus

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 35

Remedial Completion – Scab Liner
Key Features
y Isolation of damaged
casing/liner or abandonment of
a depleted zone
y Hydraulic set packers at top and

Schlumberger Private
bottom of scab liner
y On-off connector on lower seal-
bore packer allowed installation
with the lower perforations
isolated throughout the
operation

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 36

Monobore Completion
Key Features
y Designed to meet Safety valve
criteria for:
y appropriate production
rates

Schlumberger Private
y flexibility/contingency
y safety
y monitoring (reservoir
management) Packer/hanger
assembly
y longevity

Liner

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 37

Multi-Zone Completion
Hydraulic Control Line for
the TRSCSSV

Tubing Retreivable Surface Example of a Multi Zone Completion

Controled Subsurface Safety
Valve (TRSCSSV) using a Standard Configuration for
Hydraulic Control Line for
the ASV each Zone
(this can be repeated for any number of zones)
Annular Safety Valve (ASV)
System with Wet Disconnect

Schlumberger Private
10 3/4 Casing

Gas Lift Mandrel

5-1/2 Production Tubing

Production Packer w/
TEC bypass
Tubing Encased
Conductor (TEC)

Flow Control Device w/

Isolation Cross Coupling Clamp Plug
Integral Pressure/
Packer w/ TEC
Temperature sensor
feedthru Venturi Flowmeter 9-5/8 Liner

Zone 1 Zone 2

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 38

Business Model and “Field Life Cycle”
Useful for planning and execution.
Breaks the Field Life Cycle down into discrete business processes.
Each business process should have a well defined product
(deliverable) and lead to a clear decision point (Key decision)

Schlumberger Private
Business process Deliverable Key decision
EXIT
Activity Product ?
CONTINUE
Next activity ETC Breaking activities down into manageable
units and defining their purpose in
manageable bits is essential to effective
planning

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 39

Module Control

Module ID WCP1_016 Introduction to Completions

Version 1a

Course WCP-1

Schlumberger Private
Date Created March 26, 2003

Creator Willem van Adrichem, HTC

Checked by

Date Checked

Comments

WCP1-016 Introduction to Completions – slide 40