AP-Precalculus
Functions and Graph
Bella Week 1
Graphing Calculator
Four function Calculator
Recall from Algebra II
Terminology
Rectangular/Cartesian coordinate system
x,y coordinates x,y axis (axes)
points origin x,y intercept quadrants
vertical & horizontal lines
Definition
A function is a mathematical relation that maps a set of
input values to a set of output values such that
Each input value is mapped to exactly one output value.
The set of input values is called the domain of the function, and
the set of output values is called the range of the function.
Function Notation:
What if we want to evaluate the function at 30
x-intercept
y-intercept
zeros of a function
The graph intersects the x-axis when the
output value is zero. The corresponding input
values are said to be zeros of the function
The x value when f(x)=0
Definition
A function is increasing over an interval of its domain if, as
the input values increase, the output values always increase.
A function is decreasing over an interval of its domain if, as
the input values increase, the output values always decrease.
Interval notation Inequality notation
Practice Question
Definition
Practice Question
Symmetry
Piecewise Functions
Piecewise Functions
Definition
Definition
Refer to CED
The Average Rate of Change of a function over an interval of the function’s
domain is the constant rate of change that yields the same change in the
output values as the function yielded on that interval of the function’s domain.
Practice Question
Practice Question MCQ
Refer to AP Exam
Estimation
The rate of change The rate of change
at one point at two points
be approximated by the average be compared using average rate of
rates of change of the function over change approximation over sufficiently
small intervals containing the point, small intervals containing each point, if
if such values exist such values exist.
Rate of change = Slope m
Rate of change = Slope m
Rate of change
quantify how two quantities vary together
A Positive Rate of change indicates that
as one quantity increases or decreases,
the other quantity does the same.
Rate of change = Slope m
Rate of change
quantify how two quantities vary together
A Negative Rate of change indicates
that as one quantity increases, the
other decreases.
constant rate of change
will the “rate of change” change?
Real-life Context
Consider the graphs below that show the total sales, in
thousands of dollars, for two companies over 4 weeks.
Calculate the rate of change
Numerical way
decreasing rate of change increasing rate of change
Graphical way
Definition
To understand and explore the graphical behavior of functions.
Concavity describes the shape of the function and
how it (rate of change/slope) is changing.
Concavity
The graph of a function is concave down on intervals
in which the rate of change is decreasing
The graph of a function is concave up on intervals in
which the rate of change is increasing
Concave down - “n” shape/ cap shape
Concave up - “u” shape
Practice Question MCQ
Refer to AP Exam
Concavity + Increasing/Decreasing function
