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MATHEMATICS
Quarter 3 – Module 7
Illustrating Mutually and Non
Mutually Exclusive Events

NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Illustrating Mutually and Non Mutually Exclusive Events
Second Edition, 2021

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NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be
honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 I

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The module is intended for you to illustrate mutually exclusive events.

Pre-assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer in
your activity notebook/answer sheet.

1. Events that cannot happen at the same time are called _________.
a. mutually exclusive events c. simple events
b. not mutually exclusive events d. compound events

2. Events that can happen at the same time are called _________.
a. mutually exclusive events c. simple events
b. not mutually exclusive events d. compound events

3. Which one of the following events is mutually exclusive?

a. A die rolling a 1 on the first throw and then 4 on the second throw.
b. A pair of dice rolling 3 and 3.
c. A pair of dice rolling 2 and 2.
d. A pair of dice rolling 6 and 6.

4. The probability of a card being a King or an Ace.

1 4 2
a. 0 b. c. 54 d.
52 13

5. The probability of a card being a King and an Ace.

1 4 1
a. 0 b. 52 c. 54 d. 13

1 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
 Lesson Illustrating Mutually Exclusive and
Non-mutually Exclusive Events

(Perekupka, Michael. 2016)

As we grow up, we hear all sorts of sayings and idioms. Some of them seem to make a
little sense, and then there are a couple that are so brilliantly simple. Have you ever heard the
saying, 'You can't have your cake and eat it, too?' This saying is a perfect way to explain
mutually exclusive events. The saying refers to the fact that you cannot both eat your cake and
still have it front of you at the same time. Statistically speaking, having your cake, and eating
your cake, are mutually exclusive.
Two events are defined to be mutually exclusive if they cannot happen at the same
time. In other words, if one event happens, the other event cannot happen. Mutually exclusive
events are sometimes referred to as disjointed events.

Source:[Link]
[Link]?fbclid=IwAR1BcVIxqHEROuq_P42hvZE0JhA5v9Kmb0yYPUQ9JeNTIWWIsX4a-
3b2hJI

2 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
 ’s In
VENN DIAGRAM

A B
1 4 3 5

4
2 6

Questions:

Task 1: Supply all the elements in the Roster Notation based on the Venn diagram above.

1. A = { ___, ___, ___, ___ }

2. B = { ___, ___, ___, ___ }

3. A ∪ B = { ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___ }

4. A ∩ B = { ___, ___}

Task 2. You rolled a fair six - sided die.

5. Find the probability of obtaining a 6.

1 3 5
a. b. c. 6 d. 1
6 6

6. Find the probability of obtaining an odd number.

1 3 5
a. b. c. 6 d. 1
2 6

7. Find the probability of obtaining an even number.

1 3 5
a. b. c. 6 d. 1
2 6

8. Find the probability of obtaining number greater than 2.

1 3 5 2
a. b. c. 6 d.
2 6 3

3 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
 ’s New

Have you tried multi-tasking at home? Let us see if you can answer our next activity.

Which events CAN or CANNOT happen at the same time?

Put on the blank before the number if it can happen at the same time; otherwise, X
if it is not.

______ 1. Turning left and turning right.

______ 2. Turning left and scratching your head.

______ 3. Tossing a coin: Heads and Tails

______ 4. Driving a car while talking with a friend.

______ 5. Picking a King and an Ace cards

is It

DISCUSSION

Let us recall the previous activity.

Can you turn left and turn right at the same time? How about turning left and
scratching your head at the same time? Which two events cannot be done at the same
time?
Turning left and turning right, tossing a coin: Heads and Tails, picking a King and an
Ace cards, and running forward and backwards at the same time are impossible to happen at
the same time. On the other hand, events that occur at the same time are turning left and
scratching your head, driving a car while talking with a friend and singing while cooking.
These events may be either mutually exclusive or not mutually exclusive.

Definition:

Mutually exclusive events are events which cannot happen at the same time.
Examples:
1. turning left and turning right
2. tossing a coin: Heads and Tails

4 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
3. picking a King and an Ace cards
4. running forward and backwards.

Non-Mutually exclusive events are events which can happen at the same time.
Examples:
1. turning left while scratching your head
2. driving a car while talking with a friend and
3. singing while cooking.

A. The Venn diagram below shows events A and B which are mutually exclusive.

Recall that in a sample space, two events that cannot occur at the same time are said to
be mutually exclusive events. The Venn Diagram above shows that event A and event B are
mutually exclusive since their intersection is an empty set. In symbol,
A∩B={ }
If two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, then the probability that either A or B
happens is the sum of their probabilities. In Symbols, P(A or B) = P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B).

Illustrative examples:
1. In a deck of cards, what is the
probability of drawing an Ace
or a King?

Solution:
Event A is drawing an Ace.
Event B is drawing a King.

Source:[Link]
[Link]?fbclid=IwAR0Gx_FrwijnA6yb2qAqvAYKYR9bYqvEmb6lmLGy6O8SEkBa_8kIdvfBWWY#:
~:text=Mutually%20Exclusive%3A%20can't%20happen,and%20Tails%20are%20Mutually%20Exclusive

a. In a standard deck, there are of 52 cards (13 heart,13 diamond, 13 spade, and 13 clubs) 4
Kings and 4 Aces.

4 4
b. The probability of drawing a Ace is 52 , so P(Ace)= 52

4 4
c. The probability of drawing an King is 52 , so P(King)= 52

5 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
d. Combine the two events: the probability of being an Ace or a King is:
P(A or B) = P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B)
4 4 8 2
P(Ace or King) = + = =
52 52 52 13

2. What is the probability of drawing a king and an ace?

Solution: P(Ace and King) = 0
(You cannot draw king and ace at the same time).

3. A single 6-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of showing a 1 or a 6?

(A die has 6 faces, each face is numbered with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6).

Sample space: S = {1, 2,3,4,5,6}

Solution:
Event A is getting a 1.
Event B is getting a 6.

[Link]
dice-freecontent-clip-art-png/dtMW0zht

1 1
a. The probability of rolling a 1 is 6 , so P(1) = 6
1 1
b. The probability of rolling a 6 is 6 , so P(6) = 6

c. Combine the two events: the probability of rolling a 1 or a 6 is:

P(A or B)=P(A ∪ B)= P(A) + P(B)
1 1 2 𝟏
P(1 or 6) = + = =
6 6 6 𝟑

4. In rolling a die, what is the probability that the numbered rolled are 1 and 6?
Solution: P( 1 and 6) = 0
( A die cannot land a 1 and a 6 at the same time).

B. The Venn diagram below shows events A and B which are not mutually exclusive.

6 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
 Two events that happen at the same time are said to be non-mutually exclusive events.
The Venn Diagram above shows that event A and event B are not mutually exclusive since
there is an intersection.
If two events, A and B, are not mutually exclusive, then the probability that either A or
B occurs is the sum of their probabilities decreased by the probability of both occurring. In
Symbols,

P(A or B) = P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

Illustrative examples:
1) A card is drawn at random from deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the
card drawn is a King of hearts?

There is an intersection between the two events which is the king of hearts.

Source:[Link]
[Link]?fbclid=IwAR0Gx_FrwijnA6yb2qAqvAYKYR9bYqvEmb6lmLGy6O8SEkBa_8kIdvfBWWY#:
~:text=Mutually%20Exclusive%3A%20can't%20happen,and%20Tails%20are%20Mutually%20Exclusive

Solution:
a. Let A be the event that the card drawn is a Heart.
13
The probability is P(Heart) = 52
b. Let B be the event that the card drawn is a King.
4
The probability is P(King) =
52
c. The probability of the intersection between the two events which is the king of hearts is
1
P(Heart) = 52
d. Combine the two events: the probability that the card drawn is a King of hearts is:

P(A or B) = P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

13 4 1 16 𝟒
P(Heart or King) = + - = 52 = 𝟏𝟑
52 52 52

2) 22 people study French, 23 study Spanish and they are 40 altogether.

Solution:
Let b, be the number of people studying both French and Spanish.
Let 22-b, be the number of people studying French only.
Let 23-b, be the number of people studying Spanish only.

7 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
Illustration in the Venn Diagram

Find b:
Since there are 40 people, so:
(22 - b) + b + (23 - b) = 40
45 - 2b + b = 40
45 - b = 40
-b = 40 – 45
-b = -5
b=5 There are 5 people studying both French and Spanish.

We can put the correct number in the Venn Diagram.

Workout the probabilities

22 23
a. P(French) = 40 b. P(Spanish) = 40
17 18
c. P(French only) = 40 d. P(Spanish only) = 40
5
e. P(French or Spanish) = 40
f. P(French and Spanish) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
22 23 5 40
+ 40 - 40 = 40 = 1
40

8 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
 ’s More

Task 1
Determine whether the events below are mutually exclusive or non mutually exclusive. Write
M if the event is mutually exclusive; write N if it is not. Write your answer in your activity
notebook.

_____ 1. Tossing a 4 or a number greater than 3 if one die is tossed.

_____ 2. Drawing a black card or a face card from a deck of cards.
_____ 3. Selecting an Algebra book or Geometry book from 8 Algebra books and 7 Geometry
books on a shelf.
_____ 4. A = { H,O,P,E} and B = { F,I,T}
_____ 5. M = { T,R,U,E} and N = { F,A, L, S, E}

Task 2

1. Mario has 45 red chips, 12 blue chips, and 24 white chips. What is the probability that Mario
randomly selects a red chip or a white chip?
2. A single 6-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a 5 or an odd number of a
die?

I Have Learned
Directions:
Read each statement or question below carefully and fill in the blank(s) with the correct answer.
Answers may be in number(s), in symbol(s) or in word(s).

1. An event with a probability of zero is ____________ to happen.

2. Two events are ____________ if they cannot occur at the same time.

3. Two events are ____________ if they happen at the same time.

4. The probability when the spinner

stops at 5 or 7 is ____________?

5. The probability of rolling an even number or a number less than 5 is

____________?

9 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
 I Can Do

Instructions:
A. Draw a Venn Diagram . Use pencil, 5 peso coin for the cicles and crayons (green,
yellow,blue and pink,)
Let H = students on the honor roll (green circle)
Let V = members of the varsity team (blue circle)
Let B = both honor roll and members of the varsity team (blue)
Let N = neither (pink)

Situation:
Of 240 students, 176 are on the honor roll, 48 are members of the varsity team, and 36
are in the honor roll and are also members of the varsity team.

You will be graded based on the rubric below.

CRITERIA EXCELLENT VERY SATISFACTORY FAIR POOR
(5 POINTS) SATISFACTORY (3 POINTS) (2 POINTS) (1 POINT)
(4 POINTS)
Neatness

Accuracy in
labelling the
diagram

B. Solve the following problem base from the above given situation.

1. What is the probability that a randomly selected student is on the honor roll?

2. What is the probability that a randomly selected student is on the varsity team?

3. What is the probability that a randomly selected student is both in the honor roll and a
member of the varsity team?

4. What is the probability that a randomly selected student is on the honor roll or is a member
of the varsity team?

5. What is the probability that a randomly selected student is neither on the honor roll nor a
member of the varsity team?

10 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter of your choice
in your activity notebook/answer sheet.

1. Which of the following Venn Diagrams represents mutually exclusive event?

A. B. C. D. none of these

2. What formula does the Venn Diagram represent?

A. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B) C. P(A or B) = P(A ∩ B)

B. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) D. P(A or B) = P(A) - P(B)

3. What is the intersection between A and B in the diagram below?

A. 5 B. 2 C. 8 D. 10

4. Mario puts 44 marbles in a box in which 14 are red, 12 are blue, and 18 are yellow. If Mario
picks one marble at random, what is the probability that he selects a red marble or a yellow
marble?
7 8 9 10
A. B. C. 11 D. 11
11 11

5. A number is drawn at random from the set {1,2,3, … 15}. Find the probability that the
number chosen is a multiple of 2 or a multiple of 5.
1 2 3 4
A. B. C. 5 D. 5
5 5

11 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
 Consider the situations below and answer the questions that follow.

1. A bowl contains 20 chips numbered 1 to 20. If a chip is drawn randomly from the bowl,
what is the probability that is

a. 8 or 17?

b. 5 or a number divisible by 3?

c. even or divisible by 3 ?

d. a number divisible by 3 or divisible by 4?

2. Carl’s basketball shooting records indicate that for any frame, the probability that he will
score in a two-point shoot is 30%, a three-point shoot, 45%, and neither, 25%. What is the
probability that Carl will score either in a two-point shoot or in a three-point shoot?

12 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2 13
What I have learned
Additional Activities Assessment
1 1. impossible
1. a. 1. A
10
2. mutually exclusive
7 2. A
b.
20 3. not mutually exclusive
13 3. B
c. 2 1
20 4. 𝑜𝑟
4. B 8 4
1
d. 5
2 5. C 5.
6
2. 75 %
What’s More
Task 1 Task 2 What I Know
What’s New What’s In
69 23
1. N 1. or Task 1 Task 2 1. A
81 27 1. x
1. {1,2,3,4} 5. A
2. N 2. √ 2. {3,4,5,6} 6. A 2. B
3 1 3. {1,2,3,4,5,6} 7. A
3. M 2. or 3. x 3. A
6 2 4. {3,4} 8. D
4. √ 4. D
4. M
5. x 5. A
5. N
References
Books:
Callanta, Melvin M, [Link]. 2015. Mathematics 10 Learner's Module. Pasig City: Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Callanta, Melvin, et al. 2015. Mathematics 10 Teacher's Guide. Pasig City: Rex Book Store,
Inc.
Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O. 2018. E-Math Worktext in Mathematics 10.
Pasig City: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Websites:
Jones, James. 2021. Stats: Probability Rules. Accessed December 14, 2021.
[Link]
Perekupka, Michael. 2016. Mutually Exclusive in Statistics: Definition, Formula, and
Examples. April 12. Accessed December 14, 2021.
[Link]
[Link]?fbclid=IwAR1BcVIxqHEROuq_P42hvZE0JhA.
Pierce, Rod. 2020. Mutually Exclusive Events. January 23. Accessed December 14, 2021.
[Link]
toppr. 2020. Independent Events. Accessed December 14, 2021.
[Link]

14 NegOr_Q3_Mathematics10_Module7_v2
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [Link]@[Link]
Website: [Link]

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