IMPORTANT QUESTIONS SUBJECTIVE
1. BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY :
SHORT ANSWERS
1. Anemia and it’s classification
2. Hb synthesis
3. Derivatives of Hb
4. Erythrolysis
5. Immunity
6. Plasma proteins and it’s function
7. Vascular spasm
8. Formation of platelet plug
9. Clot retraction
LONG ANSWERS
1. Erythropoiesis and it’s regulation
2. Blood clotting mechanisms – intrinsic and
extrinsic
3. Role of Leukocytes in health and disease
condition
2. CARDIO - VASCULAR SYSTEM
SHORT ANSWERS :
1. Conduction system of heart
2. Properties of Myocardium
3. Cardiac sounds
4. ECG
5. Local regulation of blood flow
6. Capillary circulation
7. Pulmonary circulation
8. Lymphatic system
9. Shock
10. Bain – Bridge reflex
11. Coronary circulation
LONG ANSWERS
1. Pressure and volume changes during cardiac cycle
2. Neural and hormonal regulation of blood pressure
3. Intrinsic regulation of cardiac output
4. Neural and hormonal regulation of cardiac output
3. EXCRETION
SHORT ANSWERS
1. Renin Angiotensin aldosterone system
2. Role of kidney in Acid- Base regulation
3. Avian renal system
4. GFR permeability factors
5. Micturition
LONG ANSWERS
1. Urine Mechanism
2. Renal mechanism for concentrating urine
4. MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
SHORT ANSWERS
1. Role of calcium in muscle contraction
2. Isometric vs Isotonic contraction
3. Myosin filament
4. Energy for musmcle contraction
5. Muscle fatigue
6. Smooth muscle contraction
7. Rigor mortis
8. Effect of temperature on muscle contraction
LONG ANSWERS
1. Structure and function of neuromuscular junction
2. Describe the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle
contraction
5. RESPIRATION
SHORT ANSWER
1. Mechanisms preventing alveolar collapse in mammalian lungs
2. Dead space and it’s importance in animals
3. Hering-Breuer reflex
4. Bohr’s effect and Haldane’s effect
5. Respiratory Volumes and capacities
6. Importance of surfactant in the pulmonary function
7. Transport of carbon di oxide
LONG ANSWER
1. Respiratory center and their role in regulation of
respiration
2. Differential features of respiration in Birds
3. Transport of oxygen and characteristics of
oxyhemoglobin curve
6. DIGESTION
SHORT NOTE
1. HCl Secretion in Monogastric stomach
2. Development of ruminant stomach
3. Enterogatric reflex
4. Enteric nervous system
5. Reticular groove and their importance
6. Role of protozoa in ruminant digestion
7. Rumination and deglutition
8. Salivary Secretion and it’s regulation
9. Gut hormones
10. Role of fungi in ruminant digestion
11. Rumino-reticular contraction and it’s
regulation
12. Absorption in small intestine
13. Peristalsis
14. Role of bile in digestion and absorption of
lipids
LONG ANSWERS
1. Carbohydrate fermentation in ruminant stomach
2. Protein digestion in ruminant stomach
3. Digestion and absorption of lipids in Monogastric
animals
4. Enlist GI Enzymes, their substrates and end products
5. CHO Digestion in Monogastric stomach
7. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
SHORT ANSWERS
1. Peptide hormone
2. Steroid hormone
3. Interrelationship between Endocrine and nervous system
4. Neuro-endocrine reflex
5. Feedback or Servo mechanism
6. GHRH
7. Posterior Pituitary hormones
8. GnRH
9. Prolactin
10. Rennin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system
11. ANP
12. Biological effects of Insulin
LONG ANSWERS
1. Glucose Homeostasis
2. Calcium Homeostasis
3. Thyroid gland
4. Glucocorticoids (Metabolic and Clinical effects of glucocorticoids)
5. Biosynthesis of Catecholamines
6. Biosynthesis of Thyroid hormone
8. NERVOUS SYSTEM
SHORT ANSWERS
1. Limbic system
2. Glial cells
3. Neuromodulator
4. Reflex arc - components , types and it’s properties
5. Memory
6. Sleep
7. Pineal physiology – Neural aspect
8. Types of vision with examples for each type
9. Muscle receptors
10. Organ of Corti
11. Myotatic reflex
12. Classification of Receptors
13. Visual pathway
14. Vomero- nasal organ
15. Vegetative functions of hypothalamus
16. Functions of cerebellum
17. Mechanism of hearing
18. Structure involved in overall motor control
19. Taste bud and their distribution.
20. Spinal and Thalamic animal
9. REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
SHORT ANSWERS
1. Fertilization
2. Spermiogenesis
3. Placenta
4. Factors affecting onset of puberty
5. Sperm transport in female reproductive tract
6. Thermoregulation in testes
7. Descent of testes
8. Role of FSH on ovarian follicular development
9. Role of gonadotropins in spermatogenesis
[Link] of hCG and PMSG in reproduction
11. Mechanism of ovulation
12. Corpus luteum
13. Pseudopregnancy.
[Link]
15. Follicular wave
16. Block to polyspermy.
17. Maternal recognition of pregnancy
18. Puberty in females
19. Photoperiod on reproduction
20. Role of hormones during gestation
21. Ovarian hormones
22. Endocrine control of lactogenesis
23. Lactose synthesis in mammary tissue
24. Synthesis of milk fat
25. Endocrine regulation of parturition
26. Hormones involved in mammogenesis
27. Galactopoiesis
LONG ANSWERS
1. Hormonal changes during estrous cycle
2. Classification and functions of placenta
3. Describe the process of oogenesis and the hormones
controlling it
4. Explain spermatogenesis and the factors affecting it
5. Describe the various stages of estrous cycle
6. Explain the functions of testosterone and estrogen
7. Explain the process of implantation and maternal recognition
of pregnancy
8. Write the hormonal control of mammary gland development
and lactogenesis
9. Physiological role of ovarian hormones
10. Hormonal interactions during fullsculogenesis
11. Describe the events in the estrous cycle with interplay of
hormones
10. GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
SHORT ANSWERS
1. Growth
2. True growth
3. False growth
4. Prenatal growth
5. Postnatal growth
6. Homeorrhesis
7. Weather
8. Climate
9. Microclimate
10. Macroclimate
11. Acclimation
12. Acclimatization
13. Adaptation
14. Point of inflection
15. Growth curve
16. Measurement of post natal growth
17. Effect of environment on growth
18. Thermoneutral zone
[Link]
20. Theories of morphological adaptation.
21. Diurnal variation.
LONG ANSWERS
1. Factors influencing prenatal growth
2. Factors influencing postnatal growth
3. Direct growth regulators
4. Measurement of postnatal growth
5. Thermoregulation in mammals
6. Thermoregulation in birds
7. Climatic elements and their impact on growth, production and
reproduction
8. Different types of animal behaviour
9. Physiological response to heat
10. Physiological response to cold
