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Dewatering Processes

The document discusses various methods for controlling groundwater in excavations, primarily focusing on dewatering techniques such as sump pumping, well-point systems, and ground freezing. Each method is detailed with its operational principles, advantages, and limitations, emphasizing the importance of managing groundwater to ensure stability during construction. Additionally, it outlines practical activities, tools, and equipment necessary for effective dewatering and excavation processes.

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51 views11 pages

Dewatering Processes

The document discusses various methods for controlling groundwater in excavations, primarily focusing on dewatering techniques such as sump pumping, well-point systems, and ground freezing. Each method is detailed with its operational principles, advantages, and limitations, emphasizing the importance of managing groundwater to ensure stability during construction. Additionally, it outlines practical activities, tools, and equipment necessary for effective dewatering and excavation processes.

Uploaded by

dukeogeto06
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
2.2.3.6 Control of Ground Water in an Excavation Dewatering- ‘This is the artificial lowering of ground water in a construction ste. It involves temporarily lowering the ground water table to permit excavation and construction within a relatively dry environment. Presence of ground water affects the stability and bearing capacity of the subsoil This is occasioned by the water acting as a lubricant tothe finer particks of clay soils; enabling them to move when subjected 10 a Ioad like foundation loading, or ‘Causing them to flow by movement of ground water this movement creates voids, and hence settlement ofthe larger particles. Methods of dewatering i, Sump pumping Well-points Deep wells Shallow wells v. Horizontal drainage vi. Ground freezing vii, Electro-osmosis. © Suunp pumping a7 ‘Sump pumping & the process of evacuating that liquid using pumps. 41 & one of the simplest dewatering techniques: groundwater seeps into the excavation und is allowed to collect in sams ~ which caa either be the ‘bwest point of he excavation ormay be an area specially ercated into which water may seep naturally e.g a well oF sump. Each sump will typically haye one or more robust electric-powered pumps with the capacity to handle the solids that will inevitably be present. The collected liquid is then pumped ava {br disposal, either with pumps running continuously or activated auiornatically as the water level ses, For probnged pumping the sump should be prepared by first driving sheeting ‘round the sump area and installing a cage inside the sump mule of wie mesh ‘with internal struting or a perforating pipe filling the fier materia! in the space outside the cage und at the bottom of the cage and withdrawing the sheeting. Fig. 22 (a) Limited to a maximum depth of 7.5m because of the limitations of the suction lift of the pamp. Fig. 32 Sump pumping Ref. htips://www.engineersdaily.conv2013/1 /methods-of-dewatering-of foundations.btsl + Well-voint System rf an he ae a © Well-point System Awell point is 5.0-7.5 cm diameter metal or plastic pipe 60 cm — 120 cm long which is perforated and covered with a sereen. The lower end of the pipe has a diving head with water bok for jetting. Well points are connected to 5.0-7.5 em diameter pipes known as riser pipes and are inserted into the ground by driving or jetting. The upper ends of the riser pipes lead to aheader pipe which, in turn, ‘connected to a pump. The around water is drawn by the pump into the well points through the header pipe and then discharged. This type of dewatering system is effective in soils constituted primarily of sand fraction, The well points can ower a water level 1o a maximum of 5,5 m below the centerline of the header pipe. In silty fine sands this limit is 3-4 m. Multiple stage system of well points are used for lowering water level to a greater depth. A single well point handles between 4 and 46 m3/hr depending on soil ype 48 In Well Point Dewatering System an excavated area dry continously kept dry by intercepting the flow of groundwater with pipe wells driven into the ground. ‘The main components of the well-point system are: i The Well Points ii The Riser Pipe iii, ‘The Swinger Arm iv. The Header Pipe ¥. The Pumps Fig. 33 a picture of well point method of dewatering Ref. a adopted tom: sldpumpspower.com ns (Fig. 35 Deep well pumping SL Fig. 36: a picture of a deep well method of dewatering Adopted from: Engineersdaily.com © Shallow well system Inashallow well system, a hole of 30cm in diameter, or more is bored into the ground to a depth not exceeding 10 m below the axis of the pump. Astrainer tube of 15cm, the diameter is lowered in the bore-hole having a casing tube. A gravel filter is formed around the strainer tube by gradually removing the casing tube and simu taneously pouring the filter material, such as gravel, etc. in the annular space. Asuction pile is lowered into the filter well so formed. The suetion pipes from a ‘number of such wells may be connected to one common header connected to the pumping unit Shallow wells comprise surface pumps which draw water through suction pipes installed in bored wells drilled by the most appropriate well drilling and or bored piling equipment. Its limit is 8 m because these are pre bored. These wells are used in very permeable soils when well pointing woukl be expensive and often at inconveniently close centers. These can extract large quantities of water. (Fig. 37) 52 Fig. 37 shallow well Ref. _hitps://www.engineersdaily.com/201 3/1 1/methods-of-dewatering-of- foundations.html © Horizontal drainage Consists of installing into the ground a 100mm diameter PVC perforated suction pipe covered with a nylon filter sleeve to prevent the infiltration of fine particles ‘The pipe is installed using a special machine that excavates a narrow trench, lays pipe, and backfills the excavation in one operation ‘The drain length is determined by the drain diameter, soil-conditions and the water table. After installation of the drainpipe a pump is connected to the drain and water can be pumped out Installation depths:- up to 6 meters 53 Fig. 38

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