Sampling
Procedures
and the
Sample
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
a. describes different sampling procedure and sample to
be used in qualitative research.
b. choose the most appropriate sampling method for a
given research scenario.
c. value the importance of sampling in identifying the
study population.
POPULATION
POPULATION
-It is the complete group of people, animals or
objects that have the same characteristics
that the research needs.
refers to the source of sample that are qualified
to be part of the research based on the topic
POPULATION
SAMPLE
a group of individuals that represent the population.
The p
of ch rocess
oosin
POPULATION SAMPLE samp ga
le is
calle
samp d
ling.
SAMPLE FRAME
a list of all POSSIBLE members of the population; a
subset of the population that describes the
population as a whole.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
stem
GAS
ABM TVL
STEPS IN
SAMPLING
1
01
Identify the population
of interest
When choosing your population of interest, you should think
WHO will be directly affected from this study and WHO will
be the potential respondents.
2
02
Specify a sampling
frame
We need to specify WHO we want to include
in our study.
3
03
Specify a sampling
method
Snowball Convenience
Opportunistic
SNOWBALL SAMPLING
this is done by asking relevant
people if they know someone
who will be willing to participate
in your research.
NOTE: You can put criteria or other qualifications for your
respondents. You can use social media for “crowd sourcing” or
ask someone in your community on who is willing and qualified
to participate in your research.
EXAMPLE OF SNOWBALL SAMPLING
You are studying changes over time in romantic relationships. You
first look for interviewees within your own circle of friends and
acquaintances.
A number of criteria are used for the selection:
The couple must have been together for a period of at least five
years.
The couple must live together now.
The couple must live within a certain geographic area.
The couple must have examples of changes or challenges they have
experienced together (e.g., long-distance, illness or loss of a loved
one).
OPPORTUNISTIC SAMPLING
this is a type of sampling that takes sample or
respondents that are readily available.
EXAMPLE OPORTUNISTIC SAMPLING
You want to focus your research study about
customer satisfaction in eating in Jollibee restaurant.
So, you give survey questionnaires to any customer
that enters Jollibee. It take advantage of whoever is
readily available and does not consider any criteria for
choosing them as respondents in the survey.
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
involves selecting people that are the most
convenient for you as a researcher. You may use
someone you already know as a respondent
because it will save your time and effort in looking
for someone who will participate in your study.
4
04
Determine your
sample size
Sample size is the number of response to
your survey.
- number of observations or
individuals/respondents included in a study.
4: Determine your sample size
There can be two approaches to determine your
sample size:
1. You determine your sample size depending on
whether your data will reach its saturation point
(enough data has been collected to draw necessary conclusions).
2. Depends on the type of approach that you are
going to use for your research.
5
05
Implement the
plan
If you follow the steps correctly, with a little
help and guidance, you can now implement
your sampling techniques and select
respondents that can be a part of your
research.
Quick Check
Read the following scenarios and identify what
type of sampling method is being use (Snowball
sampling, Opportunistic sampling, Convenience
sampling).
Situation 1
A research about customer satisfaction in a
specific restaurant uses this kind of sampling
technique by giving survey questionnaires to any
customer that enters their establishment. They take
advantage of whoever is readily available and does
not consider any criteria for choosing them as
respondents in the survey.
Situation 1
A research about customer satisfaction in a
specific restaurant uses this kind of sampling
technique by giving survey questionnaires to any
customer that enters their establishment. They take
advantage of whoever is readily available and does
not consider any criteria for choosing them as
respondents in the survey.
Opportunistic Sampling
Situation 2
Ace is a psychology professor and wants to
conduct research about psychosis and schizophrenia.
In order to get participants for his study, he enlisted
the help of his previous patients which he now
considers as his close friends to be his respondents.
Situation 2
Ace is a psychology professor and wants to
conduct research about psychosis and schizophrenia.
In order to get participants for his study, he enlisted
the help of his previous patients which he now
considers as his close friends to be his respondents.
Convenience Sampling
Situation 3
Sheila used crowdsourcing through Facebook
to look for respondents in her study about
behavioral psychology. She posted a status asking
her friends if they know someone that is willing to
participate in her study.
Situation 3
Sheila used crowdsourcing through Facebook
to look for respondents in her study about
behavioral psychology. She posted a status asking
her friends if they know someone that is willing to
participate in her study.
Snowball Sampling
As a researcher, what is the
importance of Sampling in choosing
study population and what would happen
if the different steps in sampling would
not be followed correctly?
SHORT QUIZ
READ
Get ½ sheet of yellow paper and
answer this short quiz.
Direction: Read the questions
carefully and write the letter of that
corresponds to your answer.
Question 1
What is a population in research?
A. A group of individuals that represent the
population.
B. The complete group of people, animals, or
objects with the same characteristics relevant to
the research.
C. A list of all possible members of the population.
D. A specific group chosen for a study.
Question 2
What is a SAMPLE in research?
A. The complete group of people or objects in the
study.
B. The process of choosing individuals from the
population.
C. A group of individuals that represent the
population.
D. A list of possible respondents.
Question 3
What is a sampling frame?
A. A list of potential researchers.
B. A list of all possible members of the population.
C. A group of people chosen for the study.
D. A method for choosing the population
Question 4
What is the first step in the sampling process?
A. Specify the sampling frame.
B. Choose the sampling method
C. Identify the population of interest
D. Determine your sample size
Question 5
What is snowball sampling?
A. Choosing participants that are readily
available.
B. Asking participants if they know someone who
can be a part of the research.
C. Selecting participants from a community based
on convenience.
D. Choosing individuals who are most convenient
for the researcher.
Item 6-10
Enumerate the five (5) steps in
sampling.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Assignment
Search and identify
different Data Gathering
Instrument and what’s its
importance in research.
