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Daily Doc
School 2024-2025 (Grade 10) 🧪 Science Quarter 2 Revie Share
Reviewer 56 / 51
Visible Light ↑
Can be observed as a wave in many instances. Mostly because it is
evident that it can be reflected , refracted , diffracted , and
absorbed .
The manifestations of these characteristics appear as image formations
Optics ↑
Is the branch of physics that focuses on light and its behavior and
properties. This includes its interactions with matter such as mirrors,
lenses, and other optical devices.
Ray Diagram ↑
A graphical representation of light rays and their interaction with materials
such as mirrors and lenses
Parts of a Ray Diagram ↓
Normal Line ↑
An imaginary line that is perpendicular to the surface of the plane mirror
Incident Ray ↑
The ray of light that strikes the surface of the mirror
Angle of Incidence ↑
The angle between the incident ray and the normal line
Reflected Ray ↑
The ray representing the light reflected after hitting the surface of the
mirror
Angle of Reflection ↑
The angle between the reflected ray and the normal line
Types of Reflection ↓
Normal / Specular Reflection ↑
Occurs on smooth surfaces
Obeys the law of reflection
Parallel rays are reflected the same region because of even surface
All normal line are parallel to each other.
Irregular / Diffuse Reflection ↑
Occurs at rough surfaces
Obeys the law of reflection
Parallel rays are reflected in different directions
Normal lines are not parallel to each other
Refraction ↑
Is the bending of light rays when they travel from one material to another.
Only occurs when light passes through two materials that have different
densities.
Parts of a Refraction Ray Diagram ↓
Medium 1 ↑
Can be something like Air which is less dense
Medium 2 ↑
Can be something like Glass which is more dense
Normal line ↑
Line perpendicular to the surface or point of incidence (Line N)
Incident Ray ↑
It is the light ray entering medium 1 (Point A to Point O)
Refracted Ray ↑
Light ray leaving medium 1 (Point O to Point B)
Angle of Incidence ↑
Angle from the incident ray to the normal (<I)
Angle of Refraction ↑
Angle from the refracted ray to the normal (<r)
Refractive Index
Refractive Index Formula ↓Speedof lightinvacuum
Ref ractiveIndex = Speedof lightinmedium
Speed of light is constant at 300,000,000 m/s
The higher the refractive index of a material, the slower light gets
Snell's Law ↑
Is a formula that illustrated the relationship between the angle of
incidence and refraction ↓
Ref ractiveIndex = sini
sinr
It was named after Wilebrord Snell
Laws of Refraction ↓
First law of Refraction ↑
States that the incident ray and the refracted ray all lie in the same
plane
Second law of Refraction ↑
States that for two given media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of
Incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant.
Mirror ↑
It is an object or device that reflects light. Mirrors are typically made of a
glass coated with a metal amalgam (alloy) that reflects a clear image
Lens ↑
Is a clear transparent medium (plastic or glass) with a curved surface
Comes from the word Lentil ↑
Which is a type of seed that resembles the shape of a lens
Two types of Lenses ↑
Convex Lenses ↑
These are the thickest in the middle and thin-round at the edge
which are called as Converging lens
This is because when parallel rays pass through a convex lens, they
are bent inwards toward a point or focus
Concave lenses ↑
These lenses are thickest-round the edge and thin in the middle
and are also called as Divering lens
This is because when parallel rays pass through them, the rays seem
to diverge or spread out.
Ray Diagram in Lenses ↓
Principal Axis ↑
It is the horizontal line passing through the middle of the lens
Focal point ↑
It is a point in the principal axis where refracted rays meet.
The distance from the center of the lens and the focial point is
called Focal length
Center of Curvature ↑
It is the radius of the sphere where the lens is imagined to be a part of
Image Characteristics in Lenses
Type of Image ↓
Real ↑
It is an image that can be captured on a screen and is formed by the
intersection of light rays
Virtual ↑
It is an image that cannot be captured on a screen and is not formed by
the intersection of light rays
Attitude of Image ↓
Vertically Inverted ↑
The image formed is upside down
Upright ↑
The image formed is in the same oritentation as the object
Size of the image ↓
Same size as the object
Magnified (Lager)
Reduced (Smaller)
Rules in Image Formation ↓
Parallel Rays goes through the Focus
Rays through focus go parallel
Rays through center do not bend
The Analytical Method ↓
1
p + 1
q ↑
= 1
f
p ← distance from mirror to object
q ← distance from the mirror to image
f ← focal length
