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Atom Class 12 Handwritten Notes

The document discusses various models of the atom, including Thomson's pudding model and Rutherford's model, highlighting their limitations and the experimental observations that led to their development. It also covers the concept of electron orbits and energy levels, referencing Bohr's model and its shortcomings. Additionally, the document touches on the implications of particle scattering experiments and the nature of atomic structure.

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4K views10 pages

Atom Class 12 Handwritten Notes

The document discusses various models of the atom, including Thomson's pudding model and Rutherford's model, highlighting their limitations and the experimental observations that led to their development. It also covers the concept of electron orbits and energy levels, referencing Bohr's model and its shortcomings. Additionally, the document touches on the implications of particle scattering experiments and the nature of atomic structure.

Uploaded by

rudrakshfarvaha9d.doon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ATOMS - @ AU clomurts Consist of Very tall taviri posi ae i & The feud moder of atom was proposed by, TI Tomson in 1898 camed Pliny pudding model of te atom A Reetide, scattering expt = # Ty 1944, Geiger and Muudon : . suggestion by nae od Perpermed ot-panticle, Scabteniney, eoupt- oor ther Sehewativ oomansement of Ceigor-plauden expt - (Ao couimate tie «-partlde into tiv beam) Lena bricks [oon & mot madteabir) | ‘ein gad bi \ \ : Passi e Suuue of Pantie (+5 mev= fa Mev) k 229 Pe ect age) \ * x / Kn sexeon, / . y / y yh A LY dasa ange — Dakss string Cole ~ * 1 Arativy ‘ (Lin 8000080) Detecton (me ) ve OBSERVATIONS Mort oy the ot- pantile,. (99°56) went undetected: ie tre © any ison: Peay went srealant: i Aldnot, supper @® hvout o-4n-/ of ot-portioln ee . din 8000 of +e m-parttiow doviaty more tran 6 ie doe ae w-pankile verwur buk ie (doulate Hosougl ovr angle of 565) Gr) I @® N= noob o-purcicler dewtated * B= Beatiering angle N No oly ot-panticle, culabtd at dur angle . News sint(0/2) X= adorain no-oby tou o> RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS - @ Mew pou of te atom is empty tpae-( hove) Roaron- 99°86] ot-panrtes pases undentated: @ Wow is ton postive hase inside How adem bv a voy, trwall paw Ruuen- 0-44» partie doped mother 4° W The porte Wud atom 1 cone 20 an ena wma ® P orange ; oneal, pau, Reason 4 bv 10° patie daniory tanugh 150" . G No- of o- parctie Sratenrad nt parciulan, to by di [Reser Diunt merals hae oiYponutt ve change: on tir nuslius- The wet ow arrorted Atine mules bu © 4 boy pout bur tedron, denot OC tis th fou as petal done : ae ‘ Conbipetn and romalres a aay Fo= Fe Usirrutadty = conthperal Y foun tose: | DISTANCE OF CLosesT APPROACH = (2) Sh iste iui distor berwerr uubiew Hue -panditle pews Hoary re tniod Hine Of nuveus and centr oyaten + , i. Ore f° @ Nuts : (™) A Ty we is te dukawue of cleveat” appraaiv, et @ ‘ qn KESPE : 9 Kee Rene, Ure = -% ane One Fo SKE UME to = Ane > = aned Ure KE F TMorl_ ared “ng KE : (TEE & ax thon wy & rei) KE Max vou oh KE= 4-FMeV, R=F4, axgiot x 44K 46x 1” To= H+ Kae X De eax 10714 = 30x10 im to =d0!m K Aceah quid ciao ruulams is 6 4nn- IMPACT PARAMETER (1b) Th ib the perpendiowan distune tha iwitind wetoiity weber o-ponkile rom He eae of nuwleus - oa See KU" cot Op Whore, = bmpau pomameter, K | O= seabtering angie Kes kati ewrgy A porte * wher be0, 0-17 b70,0=0 ( bYY%) @ ‘ELECTRON ORBITS = ® Contripetal Jour mequiued by the cloctron is punnided by te Unidnertatin Lowe of atlrartion bebuur te nucleus and elorbron > wivts_|__ oe wT Une yh y ws Kee a om > wybye Ke ‘EE gal Un€omv?2} This ts He empaurtow {psr-rodiuus * Total enonyy e- Wea he see Bryeow =e c bree — deh bros 4 Sixw of Nuwewt - 405m + Giae of Atom - 40°%m |e x pantie: He= Hetiam nueus e=tae Mats = Yom: avy daw indleatos rat! Urdu & bownd to Hee mutes - ie enmgy is vequined ty Jove the cleitroen fron nucleus - @) errr rrr creer eee eect Ceccac rete EEE eae eee eee ee | DRAWEACK’S OF RUTHERFORD MODEL™. . : © Rutwortand’s model coffer ti mayor Auaubatks = QD He cannct omplain stability, ofy ton Acai + Unitromagnoti Hoop, on aviloreted changed particle wat “ enasgy i Hie” ferme of “oLetkromagnotiv vadiadion: £0, elestrow, Comes clove to tho rules ond the enti model colLapred- @He wauet emptein oisyote tpedaun of atonu > Borik's MODEL OF HYDROGEN ATDM> Show thet porwlads wr as Yellows > © Bohw's Louk pustnlate:- Clecbuow cam memolne osluy'wr Contain ckedble orbils- Shae ots tiene a ad Cubs’ ound HUE OE 9 Cena Lenels Perdionany Denke uve were namng WLEMN 1a54 * Wutwon hae Bowe Luesgy as that oy tha dpaliih ivy windy ib romoluing- + wile Homoluiay iv o- pation Cramp Une (Oubit) eabior donot” uit usldiation Dy ov evar dbo umie ut: melted di onengy Lead "4 aibiyesuoc iy Bowes Send porbulate - Ueto con mono in tow cb unkegual. wuldiple Oy W/o (Defininy, stalbber obits) te hy 1s dup tye uabequy 4, 1,5,.. >| “ph (Bows quantisation cond”) - Jy Bule'’s thx) pestutato Wiike Homeduing by a. highow buy Lowel on elaine cil Coryy wadintion (proton) of 0. sprit wauetungd- D4 Yair durex) 10 a leuitry energy, Lowel Se vera oly tule Plakow t oluays equal ie He difrree iw oun erongd, lel Eecre) » he= Eny—Eng aA Gr) 7” Bove Tene or pyneowenl UKE ATOM: 6 | - > < Go, the wecersaruy corvbriporal home oy : ¥ Clectren. is prowided by the Cletroatio e— 4) Fe fe \ joue oy eee | | For fe \ > Kae = mv? \ / 2 8 / eee # Reme. mut oF v ® > Keke =mv2 v Brurding +0 Bohs's postulate, move ni @) ay opus + ea) meyis® 2h? K © mur une ae K => mr= Wer x Ure per ut Vetecity ok Weduew tn Sted onary, onbits = Pubbiny, He veduw ob + be ean @ muy = nh aT FMXBX Whe = Wh TMAer = Ty > nbbv = cee > Anhbos =e 7 eee auhto walasitiy oy Cub Ww 1 eremgy Lanol ee her ante dw 44 vibit o hydagun akon, Kel, net veh a la-ax dows t wot ee ee ee Eludnow has tuo type ey energy @we- Lave @® PE- Ky % = K-C0)+ _ se . WW Eo Lx mX/( Ke rather © Anhto i oLxmx ze4 = Ce) ke ton oe aa pf nth? ee = -z2eH Ke cee Tem Peer 4G nrhrto oe PE = ~hxtedm Bnrth2 b> Tet rnogys KE + PE =m — dxtoty Drth2bo® — Buth? by? Tes =Jbb x EY nt Ww H ookom, Kel, n= 4 Tee [-15-6 eV] ( qoeand stare) (1* orbit) TEs 486 4 Ea 4 ov] (24 ovbit) ( Y* excited 40k) TEs -156 x = ELSTON (34 obit) (24 onsited state) TE = -1B6 nh > [0-85 eu (4% orbit) (344 oxcited state) Tee ea 9st (st orbit) (HM oxiited state) a) ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM- @| Oe | 068 —_—————— nH =es—§_ coud ney 13-6 b nel ® Wule wench aes a Madistion (phates iho tp ob a ‘eile & ips baer aad 4 (excites) Wo high onengy Lowel Ta y-tiet dip a8 et ag ae diy PD enerqy B=Eng- Bay > he = Eng-Eny SHORTCUT FORMULA FOR FINDING OOF EMITTED PHOTON - RZ (4-1 ne ne iz - t cube, Re Rydboey constant R= Fhe ey aL vain’ R ongek Woven — Small tromition Yrartet Wavelersth —p Loyjov branitien- GM) y © dy Foe Lyman coves Tee pea : E (Ln umn | UVseateni ® i For Bab sevies | ek CUL-Dinesue- | i fe | (Visite vegan) (Ub For Paschon a @) For Bowe series a LTR GSR Me ct) (y) Pow Phung Sevies.- i DE- Beogue’ IT ON '5 | SECON) PosTULATE’- wi BROGLIES COMMENT ON BOHR'S SE OST LAT A +0. de- Bongtio- wow , ‘a . anvenh mv > wt-nh = pa HU Won) LIMITATIONS OF BOUR'S MODEL'- @ # stands tre for rater oat Wee atom [ts eo epeui ge ait eae traansaecnt pees ee On bend oko unto Quiout the Wane native of om Welutiny de-—orade @ 44 wiolater bidtorbury’s unrertainity priniyple © alee re ee of ovortya ee tu Oloctricficnd (siavk effec’) (ronan offet)

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