How to
understand
Automation
Frameworks?
Rupendra Ragala
Linear Automation Framework
(Record-and-Playback
Framework)
Explanation:
This is the simplest framework where test cases
are created sequentially by recording user actions
and replaying them. No modularity or scripting
knowledge is needed.
Use Cases:
Quick testing for small projects with minimal
test cases.
Ad-hoc testing for GUI-based applications.
Tools:
Selenium IDE
UFT (Unified Functional Testing)
Modular Testing Framework
Explanation:
The application under test is divided into separate
modules, and test scripts are written for each
module. This improves maintainability and
reusability.
Use Cases:
Testing applications with multiple independent
components, like an e-commerce platform.
Scenarios where specific functionalities need
isolated testing.
Tools:
Selenium WebDriver
TestNG/JUnit
Data-Driven Testing Framework
Explanation:
This framework separates the test script logic from
the test data. It allows testers to execute the same
set of actions with different sets of data inputs.
Use Cases:
Form validation with multiple data sets.
Applications requiring extensive input/output
combinations.
Tools:
Apache POI (for Excel handling in Java)
Selenium WebDriver
Robot Framework
Keyword-Driven Testing
Framework
Explanation:
This approach uses keywords to represent actions
(e.g., "click", "enter text") and decouples test
scripts from the testing logic. Keywords are
mapped to functions in the automation tool.
Use Cases:
Testing complex workflows with non-technical
teams involved.
Applications with repetitive actions across
modules.
Tools:
Selenium
Katalon Studio
UFT
Hybrid Testing Framework
Explanation:
A combination of two or more frameworks (e.g.,
data-driven and keyword-driven). This framework
leverages the strengths of each integrated
framework.
Use Cases:
Applications requiring extensive testing with
diverse requirements.
Projects with multiple teams, including non-
technical testers.
Tools:
Selenium with TestNG
Katalon Studio
Appium
Behavior-Driven Development
(BDD) Framework
Explanation:
Focused on collaboration between developers,
testers, and business analysts. Test cases are
written in natural language using Gherkin syntax.
Use Cases:
Agile projects with frequent stakeholder
involvement.
Complex systems requiring clear
communication between teams.
Tools:
Cucumber
SpecFlow
JBehave
Test-Driven Development (TDD)
Framework
Explanation:
This framework focuses on writing tests before the
actual application code. Tests guide development
and ensure robust code.
Use Cases:
Development-driven testing in Agile or DevOps
environments.
Ensuring minimal bugs in the development
phase.
Tools:
JUnit
NUnit
TestNG
Library Architecture Testing
Framework
Explanation:
Extends the modular framework by creating
common functions and libraries for reusable code.
Tests are written using these libraries, enhancing
maintainability.
Use Cases:
Projects with complex reusable components.
Systems with high interdependencies across
modules.
Tools:
Selenium WebDriver
Appium
RestAssured
Scriptless Testing Framework
Explanation:
Focuses on reducing code by allowing non-
programmers to create and execute tests using
visual workflows or drag-and-drop functionalities.
Use Cases:
Teams with limited programming expertise.
Rapid test creation for large-scale applications.
Tools:
Tricentis Tosca
TestComplete
Leapwork
CI/CD Integrated Automation
Framework
Explanation:
Combines test automation with continuous
integration/continuous delivery pipelines.
Automates the build, testing, and deployment
process.
Use Cases:
DevOps projects with frequent releases.
Automated regression testing in Agile
workflows.
Tools:
Jenkins
GitLab CI/CD
Bamboo
Selenium/Grid
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