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Active - passive
Active= subject + HV+MV+object
passive= subject+ {be-family(Hv) +V3}+object
Add Be -family verb in passive sentence :
Tense Be-family
Present tense Am , is , are
Past tense Was , were
Perfect tense Been
Perfect continuous tense Being
Modal tense Be
● Minu sings a beautiful song. (active)
= A beautiful song is sung by Minu. (passive)
● Minu is singing a song. (A)
= A song is being sung by Minu. (P)
● Minu is singing beautiful songs . (A)
= Beautiful songs are being sung by Minu. (P)
● Minu has eaten breakfast. (A)
= Breakfast has been eaten by Minu. (P)
● Shibani has told the facts. (A)
= The facts have been told by shibani. (P)
● The old lady touched and patted the cow. (A)
= The cow was touched and patted by the old lady. (P)
Some sentence we can’t convert into passive :
● Niva was laughing . (no object){so we can’t change into passive}
● Shila has gone to school. (Can’t change)
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● Shima is a teacher. (no object so we can’t change )
● Minu has been eating biryani since morning.
=Biryani has been being eaten by Minu since morning.(can’t change)
একই সাথে পরপর দুটি Be-family verb বসে না l
● She will be singing a song .
A song will be being sung by her. (not possible)
Passive sentence করতে পারব না যখন -
1) Sub-complement দেওয়া থাকলে l
2) Present perfect continuous , past perfect continuous ,
future perfect continuous এবং future continuous tense হলে
passive করতে পারবো না l
3) Direct -object না দেওয়া থাকলে passive করতে পারবো না l
Verb followed by adjectives :
● Rose smells sweet. (active)
= Rose is sweet when it is smelt. (passive)
● Those mangoes taste sour. (active)
= Those mangoes are sour when they are tasted. (passive)
● Honey is sweet.
= Honey is sweet when it is tasted. (passive)
● It is soft.
It is soft when it is touched.
Modal verb থাকলে :
● Komal will buy a chopper. (active)
=A chopper will be bought by Komal . (passive)
● Minu can buy a chopper. (active)
= A chopper can be bought by Minu . (passive)
● I will not tolerate this nonsense.
= This nonsense will not be tolerated by me. (passive)
● Sheela will be buying a dress. (can’t change into passive)
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Some miscellaneous case :
● Kabita helped me.
= I was helped by kabita.
● He helped her.
= She was helped by him.
Forced action : (is to , are to , am to / have to , has to , had to )
যদি sentence এর মধ্যে object থাকে তাহলে শুধু ‘’Be’’ বসবে l
যদি sentence এর মধ্যে object না থাকে তাহলে ‘’Be-family +obliged to’’ বসবে
● She is to pay the bill.
= The bill is to be paid by her.
● I have to give a pen to him.
= A pen has to be given by me to him.
Be-family + obliged:
● I have to go now.
= I am obliged to go now.
● They had to go now.
They were obliged to go now.
Some advanced :
1) I teach you English .
= you are taught English by me .(non living কোন preposition বসবে না l)
= English is taught to you by me . (living এর জন্য preposition বসবে )
2) Nobody can beat death.
= Death can’t be beaten . (by anybody যেটি উহ্য থাকবে)
যদি subject টি understand হয় তাহলে ‘’by’’দিয়ে লেখার দরকার হয় না
3) Somebody has been told the truth .
= The truth has been told . (by somebody)
4) Police have arrested the thief.
= The thief has been arrested. (by police)
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Clause -1 that clause-2 এই pattern এ থাকলে ‘’It is’’ দিয়ে শুরু হবে
5) People claim that he is a king.
= It is claimed that he is a king.
(claim , consider , say tell , believe , expected , suspected, known
এই verb গুলি first clause - থাকলে তখন শুধুমাত্র First clause এর passive
করতে হবে )
6) Minu believes that he is in LAS VEGAS.
= It is believed that he is in LAS VEGAS.
Passive of Imperative sentence:
With object: Let +object+be+V3
7) Bring a book.
= Let a book be brought.
8) Switch off the lights.
= Let the lights be switched off.
9) Shut the door.
= Let the door be shut.
Without object:
You are ordered/ requested / forbidden etc +to+V3+obj
10) Go fast.
= you are commanded to go fast.
= You are ordered to go fast.
11) Do not go fast.
= You are ordered not to go fast.
= You are prohibited from going fast. (Fixed preposition: Prohibited from )
Note: ‘’Not’’ সব সময় to এর আগে বসবে l
12) Please go fast.
= You are requested to go fast.
13) Please do not go fast.
= You are requested not to go fast.
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14) Be careful .
= You are advised to be careful.
Wh - word :Starting with helping verbs :
Hv +sub+Mv+obj ?
15) Have you broken the glass ?
= Has the glass been broken by you ?
Wh- word : Starting with Wh word.
Wh+Hv+sub+Mv+obj ? (No change except : who , whom )
16) Why have you broken the window pane ?
= Why has the window pane been broken by you ?
17) What do you want ?
= What is wanted by you ?
18) What are you doing ?
= What is being done by you ?
19) Which book do you like ?
= Which book is liked by you ?
Who = By whom হবে , আর Whom = who হবে
20) Who likes this ?
=By whom is this liked ?
21) Who is playing the ball ?
= By whom is the ball being played ?
22) Whom do you love ?
= Who is loved by you ?
23) Whom did he help ?
=Who was helped by him ?
24) Whom have you invited ?
= Who has been invited by you ?
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Some Miscellaneous :
25) Sit down.
= Please be seated.
26) One should keep one’s promises .
= Promises should be kept.
27) The news alarmed him.
= He was alarmed at the news .
28) He knows me .
= I am known to him.
29) Nisha pleased yash.
=Yash was pleased with Nisha
30) This jar contains milk.
= Milk is contained in this jar.
31) Your victory amazed me.
= I was amazed at your victory.
32) His job satisfies him.
= He is satisfied with his job.
33) She made me sing a song .
= I was made to sing a song by her.
34) They made him the President of the club.
= He was made the President of the club by them.
35) It is time to close the shop.
= It is time to close the shop.
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