UNIT Personal subject pronouns 1 ‘The personal subject pronouns refer to a person. or thing already mentioned. They go before the verb and cannot be omitted. John is a doctor. > He is a doctor. The laptop is on the desk. ~> It is on the desk. cea Note! ‘The personal subject pronoun is always written with a capital letter. ‘Write the correct subject pronoun. 1 John he 5 you and | 2 the table : 6 Mr Brown 3. the flowers 7 Vanessa a 4 Paul and Sarah 8 the cat Replace the underlined words with the correct subject pronoun. 1 Daveis Scottish. 5 Mary and Tom love skiing. is from Edinburgh. are great skiers 2 ish. 6 Where are you and your sister from ? is from London. are from Boston. 3. eff is American. 7 My husband and | work together. ___is from Denver. are teachers. 4 Thave a cat 8 London buses are red. is called Felix. are red.to be (1) (aera nega IN TRROGATIE lam I'm lamnot = 'mnot 2) anit : You are You're You are not You're not / You aren't ‘Are you? He is He's He isnot — He's not / He isn't Is he? She is She's Sheisnot ‘She's not /She isn't Is she? Itis Irs Iris not —— W'snot /Itisn't Isit? We are We're We are not We're not / We aren't ‘Are we? You are You're Youarenot ‘You're not / You aren't Are you? They are —They'te~—=—‘They are not They're not / They aren't ‘Are they? | We use the verb to be: + to ask and talk about permanent states | A i Where is Patrick from? ae People or objects He's from Ireland. This is Matilda. + to describe people, places, things and feelings Karen's nice. She's always happy. 1 Underline the correct form of the verb to be. 1 We am /is / are happy. 5 You am / is/are from Spain. 2 Mary am / is / are busy. 6 Mr Brown and Mrs Dee am / is / are from 3. lam /is / are hungry. South America. 4 The students am /is / are in class, 7 You and | am / is / are friends. 2. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verb to be. Mary Hello. My name (1)___is_ Mary. Mary | (7), from Ireland. What (2) ‘your name? My parents (8) Irish, Peter Peter. How (3) you? Peter Where (9) that girl from? Mary 1 (4) fine. And you? Mary She (10) from Japan. Peter 1 (5) OK. Peter How old (it) she? Where (6), you from? Mary She (12), teen. 3. 4° Put the words into the correct order to make sentences. Then listen and check. 1 a/ reporter / Powell / is / Miss 5. sister / she / my / is Miss Powell is a reporter. 2 New York / Victoria / are / from / Owen / and 6 Mrs / and / lawyers / Mr / are / Bailey 3. friends / José / Manuel / and / aren't 7 the / the / classroom / in / chairs / are 4 beautiful / weather / is / today / the 8 are/ the / heavy / booksert the correct form of to be. Then make the sentences negative and interrogative. They are ___ teachers. 5 You tired. They are not teachers. Are they teachers? ; My dogs hungry. 61 a web designer. 2 . That table heavy. 7 It Monday today. You and Paul happy. 8 Jenny's surname Peters. 2 the sentences using the correct subject pronouns and the contracted form of to be. 290 Z LINN Ann is thirsty. 6 My brother is cold. She's thirsty. The magazine is on the table. 7. You and Amy are not in my team. That man is from Germany. 8 The grammar books are‘on the shelf. Sara and Gary are not busy. 9 Tom, my cat, is not in the garden. Mary and | are not hungry now. 10 Carla is not a doctor. the email with the correct form of the verb to be. my birthday. | (2). 18, Bob and Sheila (3) my friends. at my party. Bob (5) a student here in London. His girlfriend, Sheila, nt. (2) happy that my friends (8) here. Olivia. She (10) also 18 today. We 8 sentences containing the personal pronouns J, you, he / she I it, we, you, they. 5 6 7 8to be (2): short answers ‘Am | English? Yes, | am. No, I'm not. ‘Are you tired? Yes, you are. ‘No, you aren't. Is he hungry? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. Is she American? Yes, she is. No, she isn't. Is it cold? Yes, No, it isn't. Are we thirsty? Yes, we are. No, we aren't. ‘Are you Itai Yes, you are. No, you aren't. ‘Are they afraid? Yes, they are. No, they aren't. We use short answers because we do not need to repeat words that were in the question. We also use short answers because it is more polite than just saying Yes or No. To form the short answer we repeat the subject pronoun and the verb, after Yes or No. A Are you hungry? A Isshe a teacher? B Yes, !am./No, I’mnot, _ B_ Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t. ‘We always use the full form in affirmative short answers. A Are you tired? B Yes, Lam. 1 © Answer the questions using the short form. Then listen and check. 2 Look at the information about Amanda. Use short answers to complete the questions. 1 Is Amanda from the UK? No, she isn't. 2. Is she 22? 3 Isshe a student? Amanda Curtis Country Canada ‘Address 24 Park Avenue amanda@[Link] 4 Is shea nurse? 5. Is she married? 6 Isher surname Curtis? 1 Are you thirsty? x 6 Is your house big? x No, I'm not. __ - 2 Isit cold today? v 7 Is your best friend short? v 3. Is she tired? Y= 8 Is your mother a nurse? xK 4 Are they happy? x 9 Are you a good student? v 5 Are the students in the classroom? x 10 Are the shops open today? x3 Put the words in the correct order to make questions, then answer them. = an 1. Jong / hair / is / your Isyourhairlong? No,itism, 2 from / you / Canada / are 3. dark /is/it/ now 4° are / you / school / now / at 5 p.m./it/W/is 6 difficult / exercise / this / is English / is / James Bond 8 shops / are / closed / Sundays / on 9 holiday / on / is / your mother 10 are/ late / we for / school 4°% Put the sentences in the correct order. Then listen and check. I'm from Chicago, in the USA. I'm Carlos. Hi! What's your name? Hi Carlos. Are you a student? Kathy Hello. 1) My name's Kathy. @Q - Carlos 3) Kathy (4) Carlos (5) Kathy (6) _ Carlos (7) Kathy (8) Where are you from? Are you from Spain? Yes, | am. My-name’s Kathy. No, I'm not. I'm from Argentina. And you? € LINN (2) 2q 01 sremsue WOYs.There is / There are There is a table. There isn'ta table. There is an apple. There isn't an apple. There are four desks. There aren't four desks. Is there a table? Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. ‘Are there two books on the table? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. ‘We use there is and there are to show the existence of people or objects. We use there is with singular nouns and there are with plural nouns. There is / There's a book on the table. There are two cats in the garden. Ina list, we use there is when the first noun is singular. There's a table and four chairs. We use there are when the first noun is plural. There are four chairs and a table. 1 Underline the correct option. 1 There isn't/ There aren't a guitar in the A Are there a lot of museums in London? bedroom. B Yes, there are. / there is. There are | There is two cinemas in the There aren't There isn't an apple tree in town centre the garden. There is | There are a new bookshop in There isn't | There aren't thirty days in South Street. October. This restaurant is very quiet. There isn't/ There is | There aren't a Greek student in There aren't many people here. my class. 2. Look at the picture of a shop window and write sentences with There is / There are and the objects you can see. You can use the words in the box to help you. Tshirt jeans umbrella. book = -tie~ ~ sandals skirt hat. There are two ties in the shop windorComplete the sentences with There is, There are, t's or They're. There are two cinemas in town. an interesting story. 2 beautiful day. time to go. 2 chair in the corner. ‘an apple and some oranges in the fruit bowl. something in my eye. 10 lots of clothes shops in town. nice people. > complete the sentences with There’s, There are, It’s | He’s ! She's ot They're. Then listen and check. 1 __There's _a fox in the park. many good restaurants in my 2 two pairs of socks and a town but all expensive. T-shirt on the floor. my grandmother. an excellent teacher and a great film on TV tonight. she's pretty too. 9 a delicious cake in the several boys playing football kitchen, 10 my brother. © an adorable dog. W someone at the door. 12 Her name is Sarah. English. Put these sentences into the negative form. Then use your imagination to finish them, 1 There's a cat on the roof. 4 There are three men on a boat. There isn't a cat on the roof. There's a dog on the roof . 2 There isa letter for you. 5 There is a university in Stratford-upon-Avon. 3° There is a new airport in town. 6 There are four children in the photo. ‘Write questions using the prompts. Then answer for yourself using short answers. 1 many theatres / your town 4 a computer / in your house ‘Are there many theatres in your town? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't 2 DVD player / your bedroom 5. ten students / in your English class many supermarkets / your town 6 an airport / in your town amp arayy /S1 aay. LINNIn English there are many expres be cold / be hot be hungry / be thirsty be right / be wrong be angry / be afraid of be interested in be lucky | be tired | be late | be in a hurry | + health A How are you? B_ I’m fine, thanks. + price A. How much is this book? B It’s £6.99. | + age | A How old are you? |B I'm 25 years old. | + jobs ‘A’ What's your job? |B I'ma doctor. | Then listen and check. interested } dirty cold 1 AWhy are you going to bed? B Because | am tired. 2 AWhy are you eating? BBecausel 3. AWhy is she going to bed? BBecause she Wash your hands! They _ May | open the window? | 6 A Madrid is in Argentina B No, you oe Idiomatic uses of to be It’s very cold today He's always hung » You are always so lucky! be sleepy > Are you always so sleepy: ! The children are very tired. Oh no, I'm late! Quick! We're in a hurry. ‘We also use the the verb 1o be to ask for information about: wrong thirsty iret happy 10 1 2 jons which use the verb to be + adjective. The most common are used to talk about feelings, interests and the weather. /It’s very hot here in summer, y! /L'm very thirsty. Yes, you're right! / Sorry, you're wrong, The teacher is very angry: /Are you afraid of snakes? Paul is interested in history. 1 &% Use the correct form of to be and one of the adjectives below to complete the sentences. sleepy hungry hot afraid right Myfeet_ always in winter. They __ in history. We because we passed our exam. He because it is very hot outside. Helen _ of spiders. AS plus 5 is 10 BYes, you _ !‘Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Remember to use the correct form of to be. 2 Linda 5 James ‘Answer the questions using the words in brackets. ‘Are you happy? (sad) Are they late? (early) No, I'm sad. - Are you thirsty? (hungry) {s this computer expensive? (cheap) ‘Are you cold? (hot) is she full of energy? (tired) is he wrong? (right) Is the weather nice today? (terrible) ‘Are your clothes dirty? (clean) ‘Are your lessons boring? (interesting) Listen to Tina talking to a friend. For each question, choose the right answer. Who is Tina talking to? 4 Who is Tina with? a () Pete a [J noone Z Tony b (| her parents Sarah ¢ (two friends jow is Tina? What is the weather like? a Li sick hot b ) athome bo cold ¢ O fine < D dloudy Where is Tina? Why doesn't Tony meet Tina? a (1 inher bedroom a) Because it’s late. b (inthe park. Because he's tired. cL) atthe shopping centre ¢ 1 Because he's in a hurry.Plural of nouns Regular plurals | To form the plural of most nouns we add -s to the singular noun, cat -> cats book ~ books | Pay attention to the following spelling rules: + for nouns ending ins, 8s, -sh, -ch, =x, -o we add -es bus ~> buses dish -> dishes ‘fox foxes glass -> glasses church churches potato potatoes | + for some foreign nouns ending in -0 we add only -s photo» photos disco > discos piano > pianos Kilo > kilos + for nouns ending in vowel + -y we add -s boy > boys key > key’ | + for nouns ending with a consonant + -y, we change the -y to ~i and add -es city > cities family families + for some nouns ending in -f or -fe, we change the f to v and add -es shelf» shelves knife -> knives Note! Other nouns ending in -f or -fe use the regular -s ending to form the plural roof > roofs cliff > cliffs Irregular plurals Some nouns have irregular plural forms. man -> men woman» women _firewoman -> firewomen child ~> children ‘mouse > mice tooth > teeth person people goose geese {foot > feet Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural fish > fish. sheep ~ sheep Note! Police has a plural verb. A. The police are here. B Why? What do they want? Write the plural form of these nouns. | 1 flower lowers. 6 toy 2 kiss 7 party 3 office a 8 box = 4 apple 9 wife 5 tomato 10 sandwich 2. Write the singular form of these nouns. 1 buses __bus 6 people 2 books _ 7 potatoes 3 kilos 8 feet _ 4 cities 9 dishes 5 wolves 10 days a2. There are two in the tank love cheese. Bithe bus stop. ‘Change the sentences from singular to plural. 1 That man is from London 6 Those men are from London, at the pictures and complete the sentences with the correct plural noun. 3. Olivia cleans her twice a day, are at a birthday party sunou jo 4 In autumn the fall from the trees. 8 Babies have got very small The watch is old. 2 The pencil is on the desk. The new shop is nice. 3 The glass is in the kitchen. She is a young woman. 4 My friend is Spanish. 9 5 The child is in the park. 10 4 Listen and tick the words you hear. 1 2(] shelf — b 7) shelves 5 2 aC child b Oi children 6 3 aL toe b L) toes 7 4 aC knife b CO knives 8 There is a photo on the table. The new boy is in the football team. a] church b () churches a Clwoman —b C] women a Cleountry b CJ countries a (man b C] mena/an, the a/an ‘The indefinite article a / an is used before singular nouns. We use the indefinite article when we talk about something for the first time and when we refer to a single thing or person. ‘We use a before words that begin with a consonant or a consonant sound such as w and eu, when they sound like ‘you’. aboy atree ahouse — auniversity a Europeancity a year We use an before words that begin with a vowel (a, ¢, i, 0, u) or a vowel sound. anelephant —anegg —anidea an MP3 player We also use an before words starting with a ‘silent h’. anhour — anheir an honour Note! We use a / an with jobs and some illnesses. Paul is an engineer. Are youa student? I've gota headache. I've got a cold. the We use the definite article rhe before singular and plural nouns. We use the when we talk about something specific; something you or others know about already. The hotel is very nice. The film starts at 8 p.m. Note! We do not use an article when we talk about things in general. [like tea, Gold is expensive. ‘The definite article the is the same for all persons in the singular and plural. the boy/the boys the girl/the girls the cat/the cats. the computer / the computers ‘We use the before: + rooms in the house Dad's in the kitchen. + shops Carly is at the baker's. + places in town Mum's at the post office. + the words sun, moon, sky, country, mountains, seaside The sun is in the sky. + names of oceans, seas and rivers The Thames is a river in London. + family names in the plural The Smiths live in Chicago. We do not use the before: + names of singular countries, regions, mountains, islands and lakes France is beautiful. Lake Ontario is in Canada + names of languages, school subjects, sports, colours, meals Italian is a wonderful language. I like maths. Football is a popular sport. Pink is my favourite colour, Breakfast is ready! + titles or singular names President Obama Mr Clark + days, months, festivals, time Christmas is in December. The party is on Monday at 8 p.m. Note! We say the USA, the United Kingdom, the British Isles, the Caribbeantable dog uniform exercise hospital horse uncle eagle yacht hour insect the sentences with a or an. an___ English car. Look! There's ___ butterfly! Iranian student. Crete is island in the fruit. Mediterranean. honest man. Katie has got headache. architect. Itis____tovely day. ‘Australia isn't __ European ‘country. sentences. Use the expressions in the box and a/ an where necessary. language sore throat apartment in New York American actor hairdresser Jessica works in alibrary, 4 Ben Stiller is _ "My brother is 5 Have you got ‘Andrew lives in 6 Lucy wants to learn the where necessary or X where you do not need the definite article. X___blue is a lovely colour. 8 Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to Astronauts go to __moon. ___train station? Paris is capital of France. science today. German is a difficult language. i |. She doesn't eat Tove basketball. It's my favourite sport! - Queen Elizabeth Il lives in How much i red coat? Buckingham Palace. new magazines are on the table. ete the sentences with a/ an, the or X. Canada is___o __very big country. new teacher is really nice. Eric lives in London. Peter has __ breakfast in bed on Paul and Janet eat lunch Sundays. att p.m. Susan is nurse. Where's __ cat? There is art exhibition in 5 Are you ‘good student? _____town centre on 6 Sophie is ______interesting person. Sunday. ay ‘up/D LE LINNthis, that, these, those We use this (singular) and these (plural) for We use that (singular) and those (plural) for people and things that are close to the speaker. people and things that are far away. You can use the demonstratives this, that, these, those as adjectives or as pronouns. + They are adjectives when they go before a noun. This book is new. These books are new. That computer is old. Those computers are old. ‘They are pronouns when there isn’t a noun. This is my pen. These are my pens. That is my notebook. Those are my notebooks. Note! We also use this to introduce people. This is my friend, Karen. Jenny, this is Adam, Write this or these. 1 __this co people 2 _____ apples. women 3 children bicycle 4 ___ mouse ~ knife 5 ___ dress shoes Write that or those. 1 __that___ house men 2 pens ___ teacher 3 train scissors 4 _____ photographer shop 5 flowers ladiesthe sentences with this or these, Do you like skirt? ___ biscuits are delicious. exercise is difficult. isa new tablet, re pens red? 7 oranges organic? letters are for you my plate? & your mobile phone? ___ games are boring. 8 1INN te the sentences with that or those. T girls are in my class. (as your dog? Lacy lives in house as People are my mates. Whois boy? - isa horrible film. trainers are really nice. ______ earrings are wonderful. people are from Spain. Are your friends? asoyy ‘asayp youn ‘siy at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use this, that, these or those plus the words {the box. dress sister cherries. girls. -hotwse~ shoes 3. How much are in your class? 6 cost £40,The time To ask and tell the time we use the verb to be in the third person singular. What time is it? / What's the time? It’s four o'clock. It’s twelve. + We use am, (ante meridiem) to tell the time from midnight to midday with times from 1 to 12, and we use p.m. (post meridiem) from midday to midnight with the times from 1 to 12. @® 9.00 a.m. It’s nine o'clock in the morning. 12.15 p.m. It’s (a) quarter past twelve in the afternoon. 7.30 p.m. It’s half past seven in the evening. quarter to @ quarter past 11.45 p.m. It’s (a) quarter to twelve at night, + To ask about a specific event we say What time is /are...? A. What time is the meeting? B It’satnine o'clock. half past 1 What time is it? Write the times in full, adding in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night. 1. 5.00. It's five o'clock in the morning. 6.55 2 15.20 - . 20.45 Z 305 ‘ 16.00 4 2335 17.05 5 25 ‘ 410 2 #% Listen and write down the times you hear. 1 It's 2.20 p.m. 3 Answer the questions. 1. What time do you get up in the morning? What time do you have lunch? What time do you have breakfast? What time do you have dinner? ‘What time do you go to school / work? ‘What time do you go to bed?UNIT Prepositions of time: on, in, at 110 | Jen + days of the week, day + part of a day, dates and specific days "ee Tuesday, on Friday morning, on November 7th, on Christmas day, on my birthday [me + parts of the day, months, years, seasons, centuries “be the morning / afternoon / evening, in January, in 2009, in (the) winter, in the 21st century 'at + the time, some parts of the day, meals, festivals, the weekend Mfour o'clock, at noon / midday / midnight, at lunchtime, at Christmas / Easter, Sat the weekend, at weekends, at the beginning of the lesson, at the end of the lesson on, in or at. on __ Sunday 7 2004 __ 3.00 p.m a Tom's birthday a autumn 9 the end of the film the morning 10 the 19th century August 23rd w Halloween breakfast time __ Monday morning lete the sentences with on, in or at. There's a party __on__Saturday. 5 Thechildren get up late Paul is always hungry __—_lunch Sunday mornings. time. 6 School starts _ September, What do you usually do the My birthday is 30th October, ‘weekend? 8 | like to look at the stars night. The garden is lovely __ spring. jete this text about the Tate Modern in London. Use the prepositions on, in or at. Modern is a museum in Ithas a superb collection ry and modern art. im opens (1) the morning, 6.00 the evening, Fridays and it closes (6) ‘and 26th December. um closes (9) (10) 3st. 9. Entrance is free!Question words ‘The most common question words are: * what — to ask about things What time is it? What is this? + where — to ask about places A’ Where are you? B I'min the kitchen. | + when —to ask about times and dates When is your birthday? + why — to ask about reasons A Why is he angry? B_ Because the train is late. + who — to ask about people A. Who is that man? B He's my uncle. + how —to ask about feelings or about ‘in what way? ‘A How do you come to school? B By bus. + how + adjective — to ask for exact information How tall is he? How old are you? ‘The order of a sentence with question words is: question word + verb + subject What is your name? Where are they? 1. Match the questions and the answers. 1 What's your name? aC] I don't know. 2 How old is he? b © She's from France. 3. How are you? cc O She's Brooke. 4 Where is she from? dO ts Jones. 5 What's his surname? e 1 I'm Mark. 6 What's this? CJ I'm fine, thanks. 7 Who's she? g ©] I'sa smartphone. 8 Why is that man here? h C1 He's twelve, 2 Put the words in the correct order to make questions. 1 Who / girl / that /'s 5 What / in / box / the / is Who's that girl? 2 Where / Eiffel Tower / is / the 6 Who/ favourite / are / singers / your 2 3 Who / your / best friend /'s 7 Why / Moscow / are / in / you When / Maria's / is / birthday 8 How /is/ old / dog / yourthe correct question word. Then listen and check, How old are you? TA are you? B Fine, thanks. are you from? A 's your job? from Bath. Bi'ma vet. tall are you? A is the party? 1.70 cm. B It's tonight! "s your name? A is he sad? name's Audrey. B He's got a headache. is Paul? A are they? 's in the kitchen. B They're my cousins. is that man withthe black hat? A is dinner ready? That's Simon. B In half an hour. the correct questions for the answers. Jim? What time is the piano lesson? Where is your flat? : ‘How do you go to school? How old is your brother? favourite colour? _What's this? When is your birthday? boys? How high is that mountain? How is your mother? 7 my lucky charm. It's about 1,300 metres high. 8 n. It's on Sunday. 9 re the new boys in our class. It's near the town centre. 10 bike. He's twenty-two. W 's very well, thanks. Because there's a maths test today. 2 at 6 pm. He's in his bedroom. spiom wonsond TE LINNPersonal object pronouns 1 me you he him she it we you they Pronouns are words we use in the place of a full noun, ‘We use subject pronouns as the subject of the verb, Hike Timothy. You are late. He is my friend, We live in England. We use object pronouns as: + the object of the verb Timothy likes me. Tcan see you. She doesn't like him. We don't eat tomatoes. We don't like them. «after prepositions Give it to him. This letter isn’t for me. It's for you. | Were gingto the cinema. Do you want to come wit 8? 11 Underline the correct pronoun. ‘Are these cakes for us / we? ‘A Where is Katy? B She / Her is at school. The teacher always gives them | they homework Please listen to she / her. I Me like ice cream. This CD is for he / him. Susan always helps me / |. | often go to lunch with she / her. 2 Complete the sentences with he, him, she, her, they or them. 1 ADoes your father speak English? 4 AWhere are the children? BYes, he __ speaks English. Bi can't see ‘AWhere are your friends? Al don't know that man. B are very late!” B Do you know ‘AL don't like this actress. A Where is Ann? B Really? | like _ , B___is in Madrid this weekthe underlined words with object pronouns. sister is in the garden with John. 5 sister is in the garden with him. often goes out with his friends. 6 Who is that girl with Judy? She is crazy about horror films. the door, please. 7 Laura always plays basketball with Tim ice creams are for my brother and |. 8 knows Sally. 4 She __knows her. in studies with Paul and Joe. 5 studies with plays basketball with Sue and 6 plays basketball with the sentences with the correct subject or object pronoun. the underlined words with a subject pronoun and an object pronoun, Max visits his grandfather every week. sunouoxd 129(qo [euosiag gy JINN Mary eats two sandwiches for lunch. eats for lunch, Mr and Mrs Smith live near school. live near e John and | see [Link] you every day. see every day. Mr and Mrs Simms don't like rock concerts They don't like them. Daniel plays with his dogs. Pass the newspaper to Rose, please. Does Thomas argue with Lisa? Rita has a present for Chris and you. ‘Those flowers are for Sonia and me. Karen reads her brothers a story every evening. My friends and | take the dog for a walk every day. 23you he hers it it its we ours you yours they their theirs Possessive adjectives are used with nouns to say that something belongs to a person or thing. This is my sister, Julie. Is this your MP3 player? Possessive pronouns are used to substitute a noun and show possession. This is my bag. (adjective) This bag is mine. (pronoun) Is this your coat? (adjective) Yes, it's mine. (pronoun) + We do not use an article before a possessive adjective or pronoun This is the your desk. This is #he mine. + Possessive adjectives and pronouns have the same form in the singular and plural This is her book. These are her books. This book isn’t mine. Is it yours? These books aren't mine. Are they yours? In English possessive adjectives and pronouns always agree with the possessor. This is Susan, Her father is a doctor and her mother is an actress. A Is this Peter's bike? B Yes, it’s his. Note! Don't confuse its (possessive) and it’s (‘itis’). The dog wants its dinner. It’s half past nine. Note! We use Whose...? to ask about the possessor. Whose pen is that? ! Whose is that pen? It's mine. Whose keys are these? ! Whose are these keys? They're yours. Underline the correct possessive adjective. 1 He's my brother. His ! Her name is Brian. Is this its / my pen? 2 Sally brushes his / her teeth every morning. ‘Anna has a cat. Your I Its name is Snowy. 3 What's your / its surname, madam? We are Lucy and Chris. We live with 4 Josh and Craig are German. Their / My our I her parents. father is from Berlin. Thomas, Daniell Where are your / his schoolbags?Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives, Then listen and check, Hwash my __ hands before dinner. 5 We always park car in the ry has long hair and garage. blue. 6 Tomand sister Katy are twins. have a beautiful Siamese cat; Children! Where are is beige and very soft. schoolbooks? ish people love pets very ! key, ht 5 It's her bag. i's : 6 They're your pencils. They're 7 It's their dog. it's 8 This is your belt. I's sumouosd pur saaroalpe aaissassod €E JINN my MP3 player. I's the correct possessive pronoun, lis dress is really nice! |s it your / yours ? I can't find my mobile phone. Can | borrow Whose DVDs are these? ‘yours | mine? B They are their / theirs Your photos are beautiful. Ours / Our are The blue T-shirt isn't mine / my. awlul! ‘These photos aren't hers / her. Are they ‘your ! yours? te with the correct possessive adjective or pronoun. Als this their dog? 5 best friend lives in Scotland. BYes, it's theirs. only see her during the holidays. Michael is married. _wife is 6 cake is delicious, Mary. called Laura. 7 Als this your bag, Susan? Susan is coming to the party on her own, BNo, it’s not______ It's Sarah's. boyfriend is at work. 8 A Whose car is that? John or Sylvia's? Don't touch that computer. It isn't B That's - John hates convertibles. questions with the prompts and whose. Then answer them with the correct possessive this car (I) 4 these CDs (they) ‘A Whose car is this? AL B it's mine. B these keys (she) 5. this camera (you) A ? A 8 . B that guidebook (we) 6 these jeans (he) A BThe possessive ’s “The possessive is used to indicate possession or connection. We use it to talk about other people's things, their friends and family. We can also use it with animals. Look at the sentence structure: possessor + 's/ "(apostrophe) + possession Those are Matt's CDs. (his CDs) To form the possessive: + we add 's to single nouns Mark’s dog That is Olivia's house. ‘we add an apostrophe (") to regular plural nouns the babies’ toys the boys' passports wwe add ‘sto irregular plural nouns the children’s schoolbags the women’s dresses we can add either 's or an apostrophe (") to proper nouns ending in Thomas's / Thomas’ bedroom when more than one possessor shares a possession, we add ’s only to the last one Tim and Alice's dog Note! John’s and Sophie's bikes (two different bikes) + We do not use the possessive form to talk about relationships between objects. We use the preposition of (not an apostrophe). What’s the name of the road? NOT Whet'sthe-road's name? ‘We can use a possessive ‘s without a following noun, to avoid repeating words. Whose book is that? It’s Tim's (book). Whose trainers are they? They're Sara's (trainers). Make possessive forms by adding ’s or the apostrophe (’). 1 my mother’s __handbag 5 thethieves car 2 Alice and John ___——_—house 6 the musicians ___instruments 3. their grandchild birthday 7 my brother __—_—_-motorbike 4 Patrick _ books 8 the children _ toys Rewrite the sentences following the example. 1 It’s Tina's book. - : It's her book. (Tina) It's their puppy. (Anna and Rob) 2 They're his trainers. (Jeff) It's their bedroom. (the girls) 3 It's his laptop. (Charles) It's her house. (my sister) 4 They're her CDs. (Mary) It's their suitcase. (my parents)Book at the family tree and complete the sentences. Mavis are married. They have got two daughters, Daisy and Christina, and a son, Jack. . They have got three children. Christina is married to Paul. ‘married to Louis got a daughter, Emily. Mavis is wife Fred is Daisy, Jack and father. Daisy, Jack and Christina are Fred and children Jack is husband. Emily is Christina and daughter. Gee the prompts to write questions with Whos F football / my brother 2 books / my sister a _— computer / the teacher A 8 s, aatssassod 24 PE LINN #8 wig, Louise is aunt. Emily is Ben, Robert and __ cousin Ben, Robert, Polly and Emily are Fred and grandchildren. ? and then write answers. 4 sunglasses / Michael A B 5 cat / my parents ‘Gse the prompts to make sentences with the possessive form. 4 clothes / your sister Hove 5 birthday / my best friend It's tomorrow. 6 cat / my neighbours That is daughter / Smiths The S lives in Paris. job / Andrew What's toys / children Are theseAdjectives and adverbs (We use adjectives to deveribe people and things: ablack car alittledog anew bike an English motorbike apretty girl two pretty girls a good book —_two good books Adjectives normally go before the noun: She's got brown hair. Note! Adjectives can go after the verb to be: This cake is delicious! My brother is angry. Our new neighbours are German. ‘We use the question ‘What... like?” to ask for a description of a person, place or thing. What's the restaurant like? What are Linda’s parents like? It’s really good. They're really friendly. The form of adjectives never changes: ‘We use adverbs to describe how we do something or how something happens. He plays the piano badly. We generally form adverbs by adding to adjectives. quick > quickly bad badly careful ~> carefully slow > slowly For adjectives ending in a consonant + , change the to heavy heavily easy > easily For adjectives ending in , remove the and add . | simple -> simply terrible ~ terribly For adjectives ending in , we add . fantastic -> fantastically ‘Some adverbs are irregular and you need to lear them by heart! fast >fast high» high hard hard good ~> well 1 Put the adjective in the correct position, then write the plural, 1 apen (new) @ new pen, new pens 4 a suitcase (heavy) 2 a person (thirsty) 5 a jacket (expensive) 3a building (modern) 6 a boy (tall) 2 Find the opposites in the wordsearch. Then find an adjective which describes London. black thin early happy big rich beautiful expensive hot new slow difficult tallComplete the sentences with the following adjectives. Then listen and check. “expensive tiny easy This museum is very interesting. Aladybird isa insect. My brother's got a girlfriend. think Chinese is a language. pretty interesting difficult This jacket is not It's only £20. These trainers are very This is an exercise. My sister has got hair, Put the words in the correct order. Then listen and check. city / Venice / beautiful / a / is Wenice is a beautiful city. Blue / I've / eyes / got teacher / your /is / strict 5 brother / likes / my / films / scary fish and chips / an / meal / is / English 6 got/ Lucy / new / digital camera / has / a questions and write answers. You can use the adjectives in the previous exercises to help IB She's very kind. that book loud loudly interesting ‘complete happy your best friend A B Italian food A B the new house A B quiet angry kind magic beautiful the adjectives in brackets into adverbs and complete the sentences. Please speak slowly so everyone understands. (slow) speaks English The children always behave {g00d) (perfect) 5. They never drive 6 Susan eats (healthy) 4° Tom and | are in a band. Tom plays the guitar well, but | sing 1 (bad) (careless) squaape pur saanoalpy ST LINNhave got Ihave got I've got Thave not got I haven't got You have got You've got You have not got You haven't got He has got He's got He has not got He hasn't got She has got She's got She has not got She hasn't got It has got It's got {thas not got Ithasn’t got We have got We've got We have not got We haven't got You have got You've got You have not got You haven't got They have got They've got They have not got They haven't got Have | got...? Yes, | have. / No, | haven't. Have you got..? Yes, you have. / No, you haven't. Has he got...? ‘Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't. Has she got..? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't. Has it got..2 Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't. Have we g Yes, we have. / No, we haven't. Have you got...? Yes, you have. / No, you haven't. Have they got...? Yes, they have. / No, they haven't. We use have got to talk about possession, family relationships and illnesses. Martin has got a sailing boat. They haven't a got a cat. Alice has got two brothers. I've got a toothache. Note! ‘The short forms of the 3rd person singular have and be are identical. | Tim's tired. = Tim is tired. | Tim’s got a dog. = Tim has got a dog. Note! | In short answers we do not repeat gor | Has Toby got blond hair? Yes, he has. Complete the sentences with have got or has got. 1 Emily and |_have got _ two brothers. 2 toothache. 2 Daniel blond hair and blue Claire and Stephen lots eyes. of friends, 3. My neighbours a big dog. 61 a new DVD player. 2 Complete the sentences with haven’t got or hasn’t got. Sarah hasn't got_a car. She's got 4 We don't like TV. We a bicycle television ‘A Where are my keys? Luca is shy. He _a lot of friends BI don't know. | them. They ‘a swimming pool in the Tom wants to go to the concert but he garden. a ticket.words in the correct order. fe long / a! neck / got / has / a thas got a long ne two / got / birds / wings / have / and / legs new / Olivia / got / boyfriend / a / has James / has / a / got / brother / baby t/ got J hair /1/ long got / Tim / a / headache / has Twe / got /a/ haven't haven't / they / horse / got / a Choose the correct answer. Then listen and check. Have you got a new bike? Yes, __/ have. 1 thave got DD Ive got T Ihave _a red coat. I've got a blue DD have got DF haven't got © not have curly hair? No, she hasn't. 1 Has Susan got 1 Have Susan got Gi Haas got Susan children three pets. DD has got Di tas BE} have got 5 A Has Eric got a fast car? B No, ___. He's got a motorbike. aL he has b LD he hasn't c [) he's got A Have you got dark hair? B No, . I've got ginger hair. a thave b O thaven't cL) I haven't got A What in your rucksack? B I've got my keys, CDs and schoolbooks. a Ol got b 1 have you got cc J has got My little brother aC) have b J haven't got c 1 has got a stomach ache. ‘the negative and interrogative form of the following sentences. got a toothache. hhasn't got a toothache. the got a toothache? lie has got a pet cat. hrave got lovely friends. have got a big bedroom. 5 Your house has got a garden. 6 They have got a lot of homework. 706 aaDy QT LINN6 Look at the pictures and write sentences about Ann. 306 aavy Qt LINN 1 a motorbike / a car 2 a boyfriend / a dog 3. long hair / short hair 4 one goldfish / two goldfish 5 one sister / two sisters 6 arabbit / a horse Yes, they've got a beautiful house. No, | haven't. | prefer walking to driving 2 _ - ? 6 _ Yes, Ive got a lot of homework Yes, it's gota library with lots of books. Yes, he has. He's got a motorbike, too. No, he's got the flu Yes, she's got two dogs and a cat. Yes, we have. It takes excellent photos.questions and short answers using the prompts. you / pair of jeans 7 4 you / English dictionary 7 ‘A Have you got a pair of jeans? B Yes, I have. he / twin brother 7 5. it/ long tail 7 at the pictures, choose the correct illness from the box and write sentences with have got. toothache aheadache the flu stomach ache_—_backache 8 sentences about you. Use the words from the box to help you. adog brothers or sisters a computer ajob a headache acat_— amobile phone a grammar book —_a passportCountable and uncountable nouns; a/an, some, any, no Nouns can be countable or uncountable. are for things that we can count, They can be singular or plural. We use with the singular form. We use a number or / before the plural form, a/one car, two cars anapple —_ some books, ten books Have we got any eggs? are for things that we cannot count. They have only the singular form and we do not use a/ an before uncountable nouns, We use some / any before uncountable nouns for non-specific quantities. some sugar Would you like some water? Is there any orange juice in the fridge? There isn't any bread. With some uncountable nouns we can use expressions to describe quantity: a bottle of water a piece of cheese a cup of coffee a bar of chocolate a spoonful of sugar alice of cake Note! We use in negative sentences with an affirmative verb. There are no biscuits. There is no milk. 1 Complete the table with the words from the box. tee news toy music _— children table mountains flower homework photo knives petrol ‘snow CDs love | Singular countable | tree | Plural countable 2 Complete the sentences with a / an, some or any. 1 There is__some rice in the cupboard. 5. The Times is English 2 Lucas has got___—_new mobile newspaper. phone. Are there books about art 3 There isn't____sallt in this salad. the library? 4 I'm thirsty. | want _ water, 3. Match the beginnings and endings to make sentences. 1 My homework is difficult. | need. any help. 2 | want to go to the cinema but... () some sandwiches in the kitchen. 3. Are you hungry? There are.. no hotels in this town, 4 Ann likes to do things by herself. She [1 some help. doesn't want... Di some interesting friends. Lily and Sam have got.. [Dithere aren't any good films. There are...‘questions and answers. ¥ any tea inthe teapot? there is some. _ ints X there any students in the library? there aren't any. peaches X bread X soup X children ¥ fe these sentences in the negative and interrogative forms. F've got some books. Lhaven't got any books. Have | got any books? _ You've got some sandwic 5 There's some milk in the fridge. The butcher's got some meat. There is some information. We've got some time to waste. I've got some emails to send. Listen and complete the conversation. ‘So how do you make pancakes? Well, first you break (1) __ two eggs in a bowl. Then in another bow! you mix (2) cups of flour and (3) teaspoon of salt. OK, that's easy. Then you add the eggs to the flour and mix everything together. Do you need (4) No, you don't need (5) sugar at the moment. Now, add (6)__ milk to the mixture and whisk everything together. Next, melt (7) butter in a pan and then pour (8) tablespoon of mixture in the pan and cook for (9) minutes until the pancakes are golden brown. sugar? There are some apples on the tree. Tom Then my favourite bit! We can put (10) sugar on the pancakes. Sarah Have you got (it) lemon juice? | love lemon and sugar on pancakes! ou ‘up ‘owios ‘uo / D ‘sunou ayqewmooun pue ayqemo) LE LINNHow much?, How many? To ask questions about quantity we use: How much...?- How many...” A. How much food is there? How much milk do you want? B There are two hamburgers and a pizza. Two cartons, please. We use many with plurals: A. How many CDs have you got? How many days are there ina year? B I've got fifty CDs. There are 365. | | We use much with singular (uncountable) nouns: | | Note! We use How much...? to ask about the price of singular and plural nouns. A. How much is the yellow dress? A. How much are the trainers? B it's £45. B They're £59.99. 4°% Complete the sentences with much or many. Then listen and check. How many CDs have you got? 4 How appointments have you How "classrooms are there in got today? your school? 5 How sugar do you want? How coffee do you drink per 6 How ime is there? day? Write questions using How much...? and How many...? 1 homework J your sister 5 furniture / in your house How much homework has your sister got? money / you 6 traffic / on the road a is there cheese / in the fridge 7. rooms / house DVDs / you 8 friends / your sister 2 Use the prompts to write questions. Then choose the answers from the words in the box. ‘sever fifty about one/two litres one hundred about five / six litres twenty days J in a week 4 cents / in a euro How many days are there in a week? seven milk teeth / children 5 states / in the USA blood / in a person's body? 6 water / we need to drink / every daycountable countable and uncountable ive sentences questions, negative and positive all sentences (formal) sentences ‘many and a lot of mean ‘a large quantity of”. -much with uncountable nouns and many with plural countable nouns, in negative sentences tions. "t got much time today. Are there many shops in London? suse a [ot of or lots of + noun with countable and uncountable nouns, in positive sentences, sentences and questions. isa lot of milk in the fridge. ‘There are a lot of / lots of stars in the sky tonight. use many in positive sentences, but in spoken English a lot of people. (spoken English) people study foreign languages. (written English) is more natural to use a lot of / lots of. the correct form. 's very | a lot of salt on the chips. 4 Rob's got many / much computer games Daniel got much / many posters in his 5. Do they spend a lot of / many money on ‘oom? clothes? are lots of | much monuments in Rome. 6 Rose doesn't eat much / many ice cream. the sentences with much or many. aren’t__many factories in 4 There aren’ bridge. town. doesn't spend __time on his 5 Is there snow in the mountains? friends at 6 Does this baker's sell _ types of bread? cinemas in the different about Tom Daley. Complete the negative sentences with much or many. lot of | lots of for the other sentences. got(!)___free time because I train hours every week. I've got (3) Treceive (4) emails and letters. out (5) Dut I've got (6) Tlove going to the cinema with my friends. sweets or cakes but I do eat 4% fruit and vegetables. medals and prizes for diving. much, many, a lot of EE]Ordinal numbers and dates Ast first ‘oth ninth th seventeenth ‘twenty-fifth 2nd second Toth tenth ‘W8th eighteenth twenty-sixth: 3rd. third Tith eleventh 19th nineteenth twenty-seventh 44th fourth rath twelfth 20th twentieth twenty-eighth sth fitth 1th thirteenth 2ist_ twenty-first ‘twenty-ninth 6th sixth ‘Mth fourteenth 2and twenty-second thirtieth Tih seventh 1th fifteenth 23rd twenty-third fortieth 8th eighth 16th sixteenth 24th twenty-fourth fiftieth ‘We use ordinal numbers: + for dates 3rd October = the third of October | October the third * to describe a position or rank Manchester United are third in the league. I live on the ninth floor. The first prize goes to Mr Bean! «+ to talk about birthdays It's Amanda’s twenty-first birthday. In English, how we write the date is not the same as how we say the date. Ist Jan, 2012 | January Ist 2012 the first of January, twenty twelve | January the first, twenty twelve To talk about the year we say: 1999 = nineteen ninety-nine. 2000 = the year two thousand 2005 = two thousand and five 2012 = twenty mwelve Note! | In British English we put the day before the month. | 511012004 = Sth October, 2004 In American English the month is usually before the day. 511012004 = May 10th 2004 1 Write the ordinal numbers in words. 1 2nd 2 10th 3 23rd 4 16th 2 Complete the sentences with the number in brackets. 1 January is the __first__month of the 4 Chris lives on the ___ floor. year. (1) 5 Amy's _ birthday is on the Liverpool FC are in the ____ of September. (16, 21) premier league. (4) 6 There are ten people in the queue. We are: March is the month of the inline. (7) year. (3)listen and write the ordinal numbers you hear. Listen and write the dates of birth. 96/07/1989, sajep pue siaquinu [euIP10 OZ LINN fe Torns birthany eth Dec When is the football match? When is the Halloween party? It’s on the twenty-third of January. a When is Tom's birthday? When is the school meeting? the questions. When is your birthday? When is Valentine's Day? When is Christmas Day? When is your best friend's birthday? When is New Year's Day? : When is Independence Day in the United — States?The imperative ‘We form the imperative of the second person, singular and plural, with the infinitive of the verb without 10. Stop shouting! We form the negative imperative with don’t + infinitive (without to). Don't forget your mobile! ‘We form the imperative of the first-person plural with let’s + infinitive (without 0). Let's go out tonight! We form the negative imperative of the first-person plural with let's not + infinitive (without to) Let's not arrive late at the party. The imperative is used: * to ask or tell someone to do something Open the window, please. + to give advice or a warning Be careful! * to give instructions Press the green button. + to make offers and suggestions Have another biscuit! Let's have a break. Note! We use please when we want to be more polite. Close the door, please. 1. Match the correct imperative to each sign. Do not dive. Don't pick flowers, Tuenrrigh” Do not feed the animals. Drive slowly. GOO Turn right 2 Make the following sentences negative. 1 Write a letter. Sit down. Don't write a letter 7 - a 2 Open the window. Put on your shoes. £° Complete the following sentences by putting the verb in brackets in the affirmative or negative. Then listen and check. 1 _Wash_(wash) your hands before you eat. 5 (touch) that wire. It's sharp. 2. The water's boiling. (put) 6 (try) not to be so shy. some salt in it. 7 Hello Jack! (come) in and (be) late for dinner! have) a cup of tea. (eat) lots of fruit and 8 (stand) under a tree during vegetables. They're good for you! a thunderstorm!ch the two columns to make instructions and suggestions. We're late, a (© Let's have a sandwich. I'm bored. b © Let’s go to the beach Fm hungry. ¢ (Let's play tennis. It’s cold outside. di) Let’s go to class. Look at the mess! e ©) Don't leave the window open. It's really hot today. £ © Tidy your bedroom now! lete the letter by using the verbs in the box. Be careful to use the affirmative or negative forms. tum come call be ~—bring open take touch _—_forget and see me next weekend. I'm in a house by the beach. It's lovely here! (2) to bring ing costume! Here are the directions: at the crossroads, (3) —_ ‘ight and continue id of Dean Road. (4) _ the first on the left. (5) ~ careful! 1s oad. (6)______ajacket. ts quite cold in the evenings. ifm not at home when you. __me on my mobile. Otherwise, the key is under the orange pant pot in the garden. the front door and (8) __a drink ‘my dog, Jack. He isn’ very friendly! at this advice for tourists visiting New York. Then think of some ideas and advice to help ists visiting the capital city of your country. Write at least 4 sentences in the imperative. EI as take taxis because they’re expensive. Visit the museums. ; Have a picnic in Central Park. ise public transport, _ LINNWe use have (and not have gor) in a lot of common expressions to talk about actions and experiences. Here are some common expressions with have: Have anice trip! Have fun! Have a lovely weekend! Have a holiday! have a drink/a meal have a break/a rest have ashower/bath have breakfast /Iunch /dinner have a snack have a party have a swim /a walk /a game of... have a chat/a talk In these expressions, have is used as the principle verb. Questions and negatives are formed with do. What time do you have dinner? We have dinner at about seven o'clock. Does she have eggs for breakfast? No, she doesn’t have a big breakfast. She only has a cup of coffee. Write the correct expression under each picture. Remember to use have, anaccident aperty arrest © acupoftea © amaths lesson a baby Match the two parts of the sentences. 1. I'm visiting my friends today. aL Have a safe journey 2. I'm bored! b L) Why don't you? 3. I'm really thirsty. cL) Havea nice day! 4 My flight leaves at 5 p.m. d 1) Have a drink!Complete the following sentences using have and the expressions in the box. Then listen check. a shower drink atest” fun good journey A I'm really tired A Lam so dirty! B Hove a rest Bo A Shall we ? A I'm really thirsty. B No, I'm not hungry. B - ‘A Our flight leaves at 10.00 a.m. We're very A There's a party at Sally's house tonight. excited. B ! 8 ! questions with have and then answer them. yen / you / a shower What time / breakfast / on Sundays ‘When do you have a shower? usually have a shower in the morning. t you / for breakfast What day / an English lesson ‘Where / you / lunch How often / dinner / in a restaurant the sentences with have and a suitable expression. Use the words in the box to help jor your own ideas. swim — shower party” game _—dinner_piano lessons The people next door have a party every Those boys love football. They always Christmas. after school. Let's on Saturday at that Sam likes to keep fit, so he ‘new restaurant in town, every day at the local swimming pool fusually before breakfast. 6 My children once a week. appropriate responses to these statements using have. I'm hot and thirsty. 3 I'm going skiing this weekend. Have something to drink! = ‘I'm exhausted, 4 I'm starving. anny win suorssaidxy Zz LINNPresent simple I work. Ido not work. I don't work. You work. You do not work. You don't work. He works. He does not work. He doesn't work. She works. She does not work. She doesn’t work. It works. It does not work. It doesn't work. We work. ‘We do not work. ‘We don't work. You work. You do not work. You don't work. They work. They do not work. ‘They don't work Do! work? Yes, 1 do. / No, | don’t. Do you work? Yes, you do. / No, you don't. Does he work? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. Does she work? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Does it work? Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t. Do we work? Yes, we do. / No, we don't. Do you work? Yes, you do. / No, you don't. Do they work? Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. To form the affirmative we use the base form of the verb. Hove fruit, In the third person singular we add -s or -es to the base form. He loves fruit. ‘There are some spelling rules to follow: + for verbs ending in -0, -ch, -sh, ss, -z, -x we add-es. 130 > he goes Ifix-* she fixes Iwash~ he washes + for verbs ending in a consonant + -y, we change the -y to -ie and add -s. Tearry > he carries + for verbs ending in a vowel + -y, we adds. Iplay > she plays We make the negative form by using do not / don’t or does not / doesn’t before the base form. I don't play hockey. Ben doesn’t eat meat. Note! We do not add -s after he / she / it in the negative form. He doesn't likes vegetables. We make questions by using do / does + subject + base form: Do you speak Chinese? Does he come from London? Question words (what, when, where, how much, why, what time, how often) go before the auxiliary verb do does: Question word + do / does + subject + base form Where does Michael work? How much do they cost? What do you want? 44use the Present simple: express habits and things we do regularly Joe plays tennis on Saturdays. daily routines I get up at 7.30 every morning. about facts, eg. where we live, where we work etc. nts live in Scotland, My dad works for an Australian company. about things we like or don’t like ‘chocolate. Mike doesn’t like classical music. truths Ice melts at 0°. 10 cook speak miss drink wish the third person singular of the following verbs. Remember to use -s or -ies. cries the correct subject. 1 / James want a new job. We / Samantha always wears a hat. dad / My mum and dad hes English. 6 6 play buy marry fly pray You / She like chocolate. That bus / Those buses goes to the train station. Olivia / Olivia and Steve sing very well. fe the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. finish leave- boil study My father work at 7in the ‘evening. The children __ lots of fruit Mark coffee at breakfast. Matilda ina cottage in the ‘countryside. ‘Andy the violin very well. My sister German, French and Spanish. leaves tidy watch 8 9 10 " 2 live drink eat go. Sarah to Cambridge to see her grandmother once a week. We TV most evenings. Water at 100° Celsius. Jim always ___ for his science and maths exams. School at 15.30 in the UK. Tom’s room is very messy. He it once a month! ayduns masasd €z LINN5 Complete the sentences with the affirmative form of the verb in brackets. Then make the sentences negative. 1 Amy and Shaun drink __ (drink) orange She (buy) a magazine every juice for breakfast. Saturday. ‘Amy and Shaun don't drink orange juice for breakfast Mr and Mrs Dermott Alive) i We (catch) the bus in front of beautiful house. our house. ajduns uasaig €Z LINN ; My neighbour (go) on holi He (study) Latin at school. three times a year. | 6 Complete the table for yourself and then write sentences about Louise and Pete, Ann and yo | Do you...? ny like Chinese food watch football on TV play badminton eat lots of ice cream 0 abroad in the summer study at weekends | ke Chinese food. Louise and Pete ‘Ann doesn't ike Chinese food. - Ann 1 1 2 Louise and Pete Louise and Pete Ann 1 1 3 Louise and Pete . Louise and Pete Ann : ‘Ann | 1 7 Use the words to write questions. 1 where / live / your parents Tom and Dan / like / football Where do your parents live? 2 you / speak / Chinese this train / stop / at Exeter station 3. Sarah / listen to music at work Paul / do exercises / every morninglete the questions with what, where, who, when, or how much. What time do you begin work? 4 - 1 begin work at nine. My best friend lives in Australia, 2 5 ? He likes action films. They have piano lessons on Mondays and Thursdays. at the café? — He meets Emily and Charlie. The cap costs £5.00. Listen to the text about Jack's typical school day. Tick T (true) or F (false). gets up at 7.30 a.m. He has cereals and tea for breakfast. 's mum drives him to school. I starts at 9.10. school he usually plays rugby inside. fats lunch in the school canteen, Fridays he does science iments in the lab. school Jack goes to the library. (2/3) 72 )elalajelae OO ooo0o000> 8 sentences about you, your family and your friends. Use your own ideas and the words the box to help you. nis. have acoffee get up write emails _arrive at the office / at school gotothe supermarket read a book —_go on holiday ajduns juasaid €z LINNAdverbs of frequency We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do things. 0% never hardly ever sometimes often usually always Adverbs of frequency generally go before the main verb, but after the verb be, modal verbs and auxiliary verbs. She always visits her grandmother at weekends. He never drinks coffee. They hardly ever go to the theatre. Harry is often late for work. Those children are always hungry! We use ever in questions and never in answers. A_ Do you ever play golf? B No, Inever play golf. 1 Match the two parts of the sentences. Our dog is always... (on Fridays. My brother often goes to. © are always happy. | usually do my homework... 1] very hungry. Caroline sometimes goes. <1 the newspaper. Toby never reads. 7 New York for work My children... ©] shopping on Saturdays. Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of frequency. | see him. (often) 5 She is a good student. (always) often see him. - — We play football on Mondays. (always) leat Spanish food. (hardly ever) He gets up early. (never) They go to the cinema on Sunday. (usual I travel to work by bus. (sometimes) You are late. (sometimes) 3 Put the words in the correct order. 1. tennis / play / ever / Does / he children / usually / Do / the / school / eat 2 lunch / at always / eats / He / roast chicken / Sundays / on _ _ snows /It/ winter / rarely / in aunt / drinks My / often / coffee oe ; hardly ever / meat / Susan / eats doesn't / get up / early / He / on / always / - Saturdays right / teacher / Is /always / theat the chart. Complete it with information about yourself. § = eel Tom Lily & Paul You | 8 ofen ‘lower a ; sometimes hardly ever = often never -lle with friends always usually the cinema hardly ever sometimes - i Internet always hardly ever g = 7 ~ a} ‘write sentences with the information in the chart above. Tom often goes windsurfing, but Lily 4 Tom ‘and Paul never go windsurfing. 1 i Tom 5 Tom 1 ‘ Tom, 6 Tom 1 f sentences with ever and then answer them with never. | She / come home late 4 Mr Jones / drive to work Does she ever come home late? _ 2 "No, she never comes home late - He / have bacon and eggs for breakfast 5 Your mum / eat sushi 2 7 Isabelle and Tony / watch TV in the evening 6 Sarah’s friends / go to her house 2 2 these questions about yourself. Do you ever eat Japanese food? 4 Do you ever listen to opera music? Do you ever speak in English with your 5. Do you ever study on Sundays? friends? - Do you ever cook for your family? ‘Do you ever watch horror films on TV?Prepositions of place ‘We use prepositions of place to say where things are. We use in with enclosed spaces (e.g. cities, countries, rooms, names of streets). inabox ina room inapark in Spain We use on with horizontal or vertical surfaces (e.g. tables, walls, floors, ceilings). ‘onthe wall on the table on the ceiling on the floor on the beach We use at with specific positions. at the bus stop at the doctor's at the office at school at Carl's house Here are some other common prepositions of place: under behin in front of opposite ear next to betweente the sentences with in, at or on. “Where's the salt? 6 There's some cheese and ham __ the table. ___the fridge. Madrid, 7. Kate has lots of pictures of pop singers the cinema tonight. the wall in her bedroom. : cat likes to sleep the sofa. 8 A Where's Peter? 2. The children have lunch B He's work. 5 | | | {School. at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition of place. The TV is 2 There is a tree the the bookshelf. MAAS eC 6 The mouse is 7 Gatwick airport is 8 There is a shark the cat. - London. the boats. Look at the picture and complete the sentences with on, under, next to, behind or in front of. listen and check. There isa dog on __ the armchair. There is a vase with flowers ___ the table. The table is _the sofa | The remote control is __the table. Thelampis__the sofa. There is a painting the wall There is a cat __ the armchair. The fireplace is the TV. 514. Underline the correct preposition in the sentences. 1 The goldfish is in /at the fish tank The bin is above / under the desk 2. There are lots of people on /at the bus stop. The sun is behind / ata cloud. 3. The dishwasher is between / in the sink There's a car park on / near the school. and the fridge. She studies at / in Spain. 5 Choose a preposition to complete the sentences. _-nextto” opposite between at_—infrontof~—on_-—snear_— above _— in Robert is sitting _next io _ his girlfriend, 5. The chemist's is the The Statue of Liberty is New hairdresser's and the baker's. York. 6 Brenda walks to her office because itis There is a tall man sitting me. her home. I can't see the film. 7 Jenny lives number 3, South There is a poster the wall Street my desk. 8 The cinema is the bank. 6 Look at the picture. Read the sentences and tick T (true) or F (false). Then correct the false sentences. There are two posters above There is a guitar on the bed. the chair. There are some books on the desk. (_] There is a bag under the table. There is a big spider near There is a table in front of the bed. the computer! There is a desk near the window. There is @ mirror opposite There is a bookcase between the the washbasin. ‘TV and the washbasin. There is a computer on the desk.} Look at the map, listen and complete the mini dialogues. BANK | M mu vw é | = = I y a 1 2 Excuse me, where is the bank? ‘A Excuse me, wher There's a bank (1) in Ramsay Road. B_ The school? Oh, it’s (3) _ ‘And is there a bookshop near here? Willow Street | Yes, there's a bookshop (2) A Isit(4) __ the bank? the baker's and the post office. B_ No, itisn'. It's (5) __the park. Thank you. A. OK, thanks! Use the map in exercise 7 to complete the sentences. | 1 The bank is opposite _ the church. 5 The baker's is the bookshop. | "2 There are two bikes the 6 Theschool is the supermarket baker's and the park. 3. The bus stop is the 7. There are some children playing supermarket. - the park. 4 There are three people the bus 8 The car park is the school. | stop. | 53shall and let’s for offers and suggestions ‘We normally use shail to ask about suggestions and to find out what people think of them. What shall we + base form (without 10) What shall we do tonight? Which film shall we see? A Shall we have a cup of tea? B That's a good idea! ‘To make a suggestion we use Shall we...? or Let's... + base form (without 0). Shall we go to the cinema? Let's go to the cinema. To make polite offers we use Shall I..? It’s cold outside. Shall I get you a hat? Shall I make a pizza for dinner? Shall I carry your suitcase? It’s very hot today. Shall I open the window? Match the offers and suggestions with the correct answers. Shall | drive you to the airport? a Where shall we go on holiday? b Shall | call the doctor? c What time shall | come? d e f At about 6.30 p.m. (Let's have roast chicken and chips. “| Let's go to Mexico! {T] Yes, please. My flight leaves at 7.30 a. Yes, please. | don't feel very well. No, thanks, But I need some bread. Shall | buy some coffee? ‘What shall we have for dinner? Put the words in the correct order to make sentences with Shall we...? / Shall I..? 1 have / Shall /a/ snack / we send / Ella / Shall / an / we / email Shall we have a snack? a 1/ make / sandwiches / Shall / some do/1/ the / Shall / shopping 2 to / Shall / the / go / tonight / we / theatre shall / computer game / we / play / What open /1/ window / Shall / the meet / time / we | What / shall 2 Use the prompts to write sentences with Shall we...?/ Shall 1 what / buy / for Joe's birthday 5 where / meet Alice What shall we buy for Joe's birthday? 0 out / this afternoon how many apples / buy what time / meet Bethany what / dress / wear to the party have / game of tennis have / lunch togetherat the pictures and complete the sentences to make suggestions using Let’s... and a verb from listen play make ~— watch -aske ask _the teacher for help. gol. 6 ____the Colosseum. > Complete the mini dialogues with Shall we...?/ Shall I..? ot Let’s... Then listen and check. ‘Alt’s very warm in this room 5 AL ___buy Chris a birthday B open the window? present? A have a party. B Yes, of course! What buy B Good idea. Who invite? him? Al'm really hungry. 6A play tennis. 8 make a snack? B Oh, we always play tennis. x ~ go out tomorrow evening? do something else BYes, meet Alex and Olivia at the new pizza restaurant in town d the situations and write suggestions or polite offers for each one. Your friend's bag is heavy. Your friend is thirsty. itis a sunny day, Suggest an idea to a friend. You and a friend want to go on holiday. You are not sure where to go. ‘You want to organise a party. What do you - say to your friend? Your friend has got a headache.Present continuous 1am working. 'm working. 1am not working. I'm not working. You are working. You're working. You are not working. You aren't working. He is working, He is not working. He isn’t working, She is working, She is not working. She isn’t working, It is working It's working. Itis not working. Itisn't working, We are working. We're working. ‘We are not working. We aren't working. You are workin You're working. You are not working You aren't working. They are working. They're working. They are not working. They aren't working. ‘Am | working? Yes, | am. / No, I'm not. ‘Are you working? Yes, you are. / No, you aren't. Is he working? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. Is she working? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Is it working? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. ‘Are we working? Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. ‘Are you working? Yes, you are. / No, you aren't. ‘Are they working? Yes, they are. ! No, they aren't. ‘We form the Present continuous with subject + verb to be + base form + -ing. How to make -ing forms: + for most verbs we add -ing speak > speaking play ~> playing + for verbs ending in ~e, we remove the -e come > coming make > making + for verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant, we double the consonant run» running sit > sitting stop > stopping Note! We do not double the consonant when it is w, x or y play playing mix > mixing + for verbs that end in -ie, we change -ie to -y + -ing lie + lying + for verbs with a stress on the final syllable, we double the consonant begin > beginning Note! We do not double the consonant when the last syllable is not stressed (e.g listen > listening), + For verbs ending in a single -1 preceded by a single vowel, we double the -I + -ing travel ~ travelling control -> controllingthe Present continuous: ‘alk about things that are happening at the moment or around now (but perhaps not at the exact nt of speaking) jel is reading a book at the moment. Louise is looking for a new job. talk about temporary situations is living in London at the moment. 1 often use expressions like now, at the moment, today, these days, this week | month | year the Present continuous. talk about how life is changing, ime is increasing in cities. talk about future arrangements is coming next Monday. do not generally use stative verbs (e.g. like, love, hate, want, understand, prefer) in the Present ‘continuous. She loves pop music. ‘Write the -ing forms of these verbs. study _studying 10 move put MW ocut take 12 get see B die open 14 enjoy 80 15 write smile 16 start wash 17 hit tive 18 shop Present continuous. They are playing in the garden. (play +) He by the window. (sit -) She the birthday party. (enjoy +) It at the moment. (rain -) Kate and Charlie to school. (walk +) The cat___a mouse. (catch +) Pete dinner now. (cook + ) David —_ his homework. (do ~ ‘snonunjuos yuasarg £% LINNsnonunuos yuasaig £z LINN Rewrite the sentences in the question form. 1 It's snowing am writing an email to my sister. [sit snowing? - Sally is watching TV. The sun is shining. Chris is riding his bike. They are meeting at the cinema tonight. Holly and Adam are eating dinner now. We are reading the newspaper. 4% Matilda is babysitting her little brother and sister. Listen to the telephone conversation and complete with the verbs in brackets in the Present continuous, Matilda Hi Mum... yes, everything is fine. Henry (1) (watch) TV in his bedroom and 1 (2) in the kitchen. 1 (3) (read) a magazine, What about you and Dad? (4) enjoy) yourselves? Yes, the restaurant is very nice. We (5) (eat) steak and chips. What (6) Anna (doy? (7) she (do) her homework? Matilda No, she (8) __(not / do) her homework. She (9) (practise) the pian Mum OK, that's fine. Matilda Mum, I've got to go! Henry (10) (play) football in the living room! He(t) __(break) everything! Mum — What!!! Oh no! Read the conversation in exercise 4 again and answer the questions. 1 What is Matilda doing? 3. What is Anna doing? 2 Are Mum and Dad having a nice time? 4 What is Henry doing in the living room? Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 in /is / garage / Jake / the / working 5 children / are / doing / the / What Jake is working in the garage. grandmother / Paris / He's / in / visiting / sister /is / My / around / travelling / his / next week Europe / month / this isn’t / Brenda / French / this / learning / going / holiday / We / on / are / July / in year - — _ . writing /to (17 my / friend f am / letter / a world / getting / is / The / warmer‘Look at the pictures. Use the prompts to write sentences to describe what the people are / aren't doing. 2 listen to music / read a 3. chase birds / eat a bone newspaper Use the verbs in the box to complete the sentences. cook have leave = wear=cut_— ride = try—play run 1 My dad is q_ dinner at the 5. Sally and Mary breakfast now. moment. 6 MrJones _ the grass. 2 The dogs after a ball 7 They for New York next 3 Thomas ____ his bike in the park. Saturday. 4 Grace tennis this 8 Be quiet! |__ to concentrate. afternoon? 9 Sarah _ a yellow dress. Imagine you are in one of the following locations. Write sentences to describe what you are / aren't doing. an airport the Amazon rainforest a theme park _in a restaurant 59 snonupuoo asad £2 LINNVerb + -ing, verb + infinitive The -ing form of a verb is also known as a gerund, Some verbs (particularly verbs of preference) are usually followed by the -ing form of another verbs enjoy, love, like, prefer, be fond of, be keen on, hate, dislike, can't stand, detest, mind / don't mind, stop, finish, suggest. like cooking. They prefer dancing to watching football. He doesn’t mind wearing a school uniform. enjoy going to the beach. T'mfond of painting. Paul hates queuing for the bus. We also use the -ing form after prepositions: good / bad at, interested in, tired of. excited about, bored with, instead of, worried about, afraid of.. T'mafraid of flying. She's interested in gardening. He's very good at skiing, We can also use -ing forms as subjects: Smoking is bad for you. Swimming is good exercise. After some verbs we generally use an infinitive: learn, need, promise, decide, hope, offer. refuse, want... I need to speak to your boss. Today, people prefer to send emails instead of letters: Jason hopes to visit his friends in Australia next year. 1. Complete the sentences with the ~ing forms of the verbs in brackets. 1 We enjoy playing (play) tennis. 5 They don't mind (cycle) to 2 What do you like (do) in your work. free time? He loves (take) photographs James and Alex hate _ (study) of wildlife for exams. My sister is good at __ (sew) her Marie is thinking of __(visit) own clothes: Spain next summer. 8 I don't like _ (walk) in the rain. 2. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1. getting up /1/ hate / early. 5 interested in / She / cooking / is hate getting up early good at / Henry / rollerblading / very / is mind /1/ don't / the / washing /dishes can't listening / to / stand / loud / 1/ the / Travelling / is Jaround / world / music exciting dangerous / Skydiving / a / sport / is don’t / We / watching / horror films / likeete the sentences with a verb from the box. Remember to use the -ing form. idy work pay remember play go eat shop invite tidy swim make 1 He is afraid of __making _a mistake. 7 Joe is good at__underwater. UYUY + quan ‘Bul- + q19A BZ LINN Steve doesn't like his 8 Ruby and Chris like their bedroom friends to dinner. Emily enjoys foreign 9 Isuggest_ by credit card. languages. 10 I can't remember his name. I'm very bad thate at the supermarket. at people's names. Those children are really excited about 11 They are tired of ____long hours. on holiday. They need a holiday! My baby sister loves withher 12 healthy food is very important. toy duck in the bath. ‘Look at the table and use the information to write sentences. cards love not mind 1 Max loves playing cards. =| jfo the cinema | enjoy love )2 computer games like ‘hate | 3 | clothes dislike | detest 4 | | by plane | not mind enjoy | 5 exams ‘can't stand dislike 6 monuments | like love 7 not mind 8 late hate ‘Complete the sentences with verb + -ing or verb + infinitive. Felicity enjoys dancing (dance) 5. Liam doesn’t mind (get up) I'm tired. | want (go) to bed. early What do you want _(do) today? «Where's Grace? I need (ask) | promise (study) for the exam. her something. ‘Write sentences about yourself. Vike. . 7 prefer. to y | don’t mind... 8 I'm not keen oF | hope. 9 Hove I'm good at... 10 thate... - I'm bad a 1 | want I need. 12 | promise. a | 61’4:] Present simple or Present continuous? Present simple (long-term) ‘We use the Present simple to talk about: + things that are always true The sun rises in the east. + habits and daily routines, things we do regularly She often goes swimming. We study maths on Mondays + with adverbs of frequency: often, sometimes, never etc Inever drink coffee. Present continuous (temporary) We use the Present continuous: + to describe things that are happening now The boys are playing football now. She's wearing a blue dress. + to describe things that are happening around now, but not perhaps at this exact moment of speakit Anne is studying Japanese at university. + for planned future arrangements This month Chris is leaving for Edinburgh. ‘We normally use the Present simple for long-term events and the Present continuous for things that are temporary. Notice the differences: Pete lives in London. He works for the BBC. Every week, he interviews famous people. He often plays football with his sons. At the moment, he is writing an article for a newspaper. He is leaving for Miami next Tuesday. Javier is an exchange student. He is writing an email to a friend in Spain. Choose the correct option to complete the email. 2GG OQ Hi Aurora, how are you? I'm fine. Right now, | (1) in the computer room. Outside it (2) 3) 2 lot here in England! I've got lots of work to do. Every day | (4) three lessons in the mort and two in the afternoon, Inthe afternoon | also (5) __sports! At the moment 1 (6) _ to play rugby. I've got two new friends, Rob and Haden. Rob (7)_from Liverpool and he (8) medicine. Next week we (9) Brighton. OK, it's time to go now. We usually (10) dinner in the university canteen. The food is quite good! Write soon, Ja am sitting a (J amlearning learn rains b © is raining aL] is coming comes Cis raining = b | rains a (1 is studying study ] b (| have a C1 visit are visiting b a J am having am doing & have are having doline the correct form. Tony always is watching / watches TV in What film do you watch J are you watching the evening. on TV now? They eat / are eating lunch now. She usually plays / is playing tennis at the | see / am seeing Jack tonight. weekend. The Earth moves / is moving around the ‘A What do you do / are you doing? Sun. B i'ma nurse. What does Paul study is Paul studying at He often reads / is reading a book before university this year? bedtime. Oh no! It rains | is raining They drink / are drinking tea every Who is coming / comes to our party next afternoon at five o'clock. Saturday? gsnonunuop juosaig J0 ajdums jasaid GZ LINN the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. She goes _ (go) to the office every Tom and Dan___(play) golf now. day. 8 Angela ~(isit) her grandmother We _ (learn) Spanish this year. twice @ week |__ (meet) my best friend every Do you ever (sing) in the afternoon after school. shower? Mary (help) her mum now. I never (watch) reality shows Mum — (do) the shopping on on TV. We _ (chat) online at the 12 He usually (wake up) very Fridays. M1 Let's go out. It —_ (not rain) now. moment. early. | ‘Use the prompts to write questions. Use the Present simple or Present continuous and then write ‘your own positive or negative short answers. 1 you / read / a newspaper every day 4 you / eat / a sandwich / now | Do you read a newspaper every day? | a ae you / have / lunch / at the moment 5. it/ snow / in winter / in your country 2 you / drink / tea / for breakfast every day 6 you / usually / cycle / to work ‘Imagine you are an exchange student. Write an email like the one in exercise 1. Remember to write about your regular activities, facts, things you are doing at the moment, etc.Past simple to be twas Iwas not wasn't You were You were not. You weren't He was He was not He wasn't She was She was not She wasn't twas Itwas not Itwasn't ‘We were ‘We were not ‘We weren't You were You were not You weren't They were They were not They weren't Was 2 Yes, | was. | No, | wasn't. Were yo Yes, you were. / No, you weren't Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't, Was she...? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't. Was it..? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. Were we...? Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. Were you Yes, you were. / No, you weren't. Were they...? Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. We use the Past simple: + to talk about completed actions in the past Twas at Tina’s party. + to describe when something happened. We normally use past time expressions like yesterday, last week / month | year, in 2008, two days ago, this morning, an hour ago.. David was at the office yesterday. + to talk about dates and places of birth Susan was born in 1979, Note! In the Past simple, there is and there are become there was and there were. In questions, the question word (Why, When, Where, Who, How much etc.) goes before the verb: question word + was / were + subject A Where was Martin last weekend? B He was in Edinburgh. Complete the sentences with was or were. 1 We were _ at school yesterday. 5 Emily born on 12th August. 2 You late. 61 very shy as a child. 3. There lots of people at the 7 Susan and Craig _ __ in the park concert. yesterday. It cold last week. 8 It a great film!Rewrite the sentences in the Past simple and add the time expressions in brackets. 1 Lam very busy. (yesterday) 4° You are at the party (lastnight) was very busy yesterday. 2. William is eleven years old. (last year) 5. The maths homework is easy. (on Monday) We are on holiday in the mountains, 6 They are in London for work (last summer) (two years ago) aq o} ajduns ised OF LINN Complete the sentences with the Past simple of to be. 1 They __weren’t _ on time for class 4 AWhere is my handbag? yesterday and the teacher was angry. Bl don't know. It___on the table We weren't happy with the hotel. The room but it isn’t there now. very small and it 5 Al love your new shoes! very clean, B they expensive? Yesterday a holiday so the 6 This time last year we shops closed. New York! Rewrite the sentences in the negative and interrogative forms. 1. She was a good student. 4 You were early. She wasn't a good student. Was she a good student? Terry was in France. 5. Kate and Mike were on holiday. We were on our bikes. 6 | was at home last night. 2 #°% Listen tothe conversations and tick the correct answer. 1 Was the party at nine o'clock? 4 Why wasn't Sally at work? a [1] Yes, it was. a [1 She was on holiday. b (] No, it wasn't. b (1) She was sick. How old was Chris last Saturday? Where were Paul and Annie? a J He was ten a J They were in the park. b 1 He was twenty. b CJ They were at the gym. Where were they? Where was Joe on holiday? a [| They were at school. a He was in Australia. b [1 They were at home. b 1) He was in France.Past simple I walked. Idid not walk. You walked. You did not walk. He walked. He did not walk. He didn’t walk. She walked. She did not walk. She didn't walk. It walked. It did not walk. It didn't walk. We walked. ‘We did not walk. We didn't walk. You walked. You did not walk. You didn't walk. They walked. They did not walk. They didn't walk. Did | walk? Yes, I did. / No, | didn't. Did you walk? Yes, you did. / No, you didn't. Did he walk? Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. Did she walk? Yes, she did. /'No, she didn't. walk? Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t. Did we walk? Yes, we did. / No, we didn't. Did you walk? Yes, you did. / No, you didn't. Did they wall? Yes, they did. / No, they didn't. Regular verbs To form the Past simple of regular verbs we add -ed to the base form, work > worked start > starte | work > worked “d ‘When a verb ends in -e we add -d. | like -> liked escape ~* escaped When a verb ends in a vowel + -y we add -ed. play played enjoy > enjoyed When a verb ends in a consonant + -y we change the -y to -ied. study > studied try > tried | When a verb ends in one vowel + one consonant we double the consonant: + with one-syllable verbs stop > stopped plan > planned + if it has two syllables and the second syllable is stressed | prefer > preferred regret > regretted | When a verb ends in a consonant + vowel + -1 we double the -1. | travel > travelled cancel cancelledIrregular verbs We do not form irregular verbs by adding -ed. Irregular verbs need to be memorised! ‘go > went buy > bought sing -> sang take ~> took make > made have -> had | Go to page 90 for a list of irregular verbs. Note! The Past simple has the same form for all persons, ‘When we use question words (where, what, why, when, how etc.) the word order i question word + did + subject + base form Where did you go last night? How many biscuits did he eat? 4°% Write the Past simple of these regular verbs. Then listen carefully to the pronunciation, 1 talk talked 9 end - 2. arrive 10 hurry 3 pass _ control 4 watch 12 stay 5 = 13 open 6 clean 14 answer 7 hate 15 develop 8 slip - 16 jump = Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box in the Past simple. laugh cook play organise arrive’ listen walk snow The train arrived _at 10.35 a.m. 6 1______ a surprise birthday party for Ita lot last winter. my sister. The children outside 7 My mum _ 2 delicious roast yesterday. lunch last Sunday. We at his funny joke! 8 Lizzie toa new CD by her Brian to school yesterday favourite pop group yesterday. morning. © Write the past simple of these irregular verbs. Go to page 90 and learn the ones you do not know. Then listen carefully to the pronunciation. 1 buy bought 9 tell 2 do ra 10 put a 3. take eat | 4 have 12 drink 5. bring 13° write 6 come 14 make 7 go 15 read 8 get up 16 give - 67 ajdus sed TE LINNayduns ised TE LINN Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box in the Past simple. Go to page 90 for the v you do not know. getup go take fly do. eat teach 1 My uncle was a teacher. He tought _ 5 Paul ___late last Sunday. mathematics. 6 Abby __ to the library yester 2 Lucy's boyiriend __ her toa 7 Martin his homework restaurant last night. yesterday afternoon, 3 The children chocolate cake 8 Last Tuesday, Isabelle _by and ice cream at the party on Saturday. plane from London to Paris. 41 anemail to my friend two days ago. Rewrite these sentences in the negative and interrogative forms. 1 She understood the grammar rule 4 I went to Sydney and | saw the Opera H She didn't understand the grammar rule. Did she understand the grammar rule? - 2 _ Jessica got up early yesterday morning. 5 Oliver read an interesting book at school. 3. My mother made cupcakes yesterday. 6 Rachel and Jim gave their mum a present. ©% complete the mini-dialogues. Then listen and check. 1 A Did you speak to Paul? 4 AHow much did you pay for your new BNo, | didn’t, but |__ to his computer? sister. . Bl £350 for it. 2 AWhere did you find my wallet? 5 ADid you go to the theatre last night? BI it behind the bookcase. B Yes, | with Olivia. 3 ADid he take you to school by car? 6 A What did you buy yesterday? B Yes, he did. He ime in his BI __a new pair of trainers, new Ferra Complete the paragraph by putting the verbs in brackets in the Past simple, Yesterday, Tina (1)_got up__ (get up) early. After breakfast she @ (listen) to the news on the radio. It (3) (be) a sunny day so she (4) (decide) to invite James to lunch. They (5) (have) a barbecue in the garden and (6) (eat) hamburgers and sausages. They (7) (drink) home-made lemonade. Tina and James (8) (chat) all afternoon. James(9)_(want) to go to the cinema but Tina (10) (90 want to see a hortor film. They (11) (buy) tickets online for the new James Bond film. At the cinema there were lots of people but they (12) (not queue'! The film was fantastic.Use the prompts to write questions in the Past simple. Be careful, you may need to add other ‘words! Then write the answers. 1 who / write / Romeo and Juliet 4 when / you / win / that trophy (in 2002) (Shakespeare) ? 2 ae 5 Danny / go/ to the cinema / last Saturday what time /Joe / come home / last night (to the park) {at midnight) - ? roi en Se 6 where / Katie and William / get married what / the burglar / steal (my laptop and (in Oxford) money) QUEEN - ELIZABETH jucen Elizabeth (1) __was__born on April 26th, 1926. Asa child, she (2)__art and music. 1947 she (3) _ Prince Philip. (4)______2,500 gifts from around the world! 1952her father, George VI(5)__andElizabeth. ) Queen. The Coronation (7) in 1953. In 2012, the Queen(8) 60 ears | Monarch. People (9) street parties and 0) ‘God save the Queen’. ough it rained, everyone enjoyed themselves! aVjwas — bi_jare cLiwere aLlis b[_Ibecame c[_|become a(_Jstudy b(_\studied [_| studying aL] was b{jtake —_c [_}took aLlmarried bL]marry —c(_|marrying a[lcelebrated b{ celebrate c [_lgot a(_] have b(Jhad c (played a al_lreceive b[_ received c|_|is receiving c Oising bat c Lisang aLidie b[_lis dying c[Jdied 10 Imagine you are interviewing the Queen. Write some questions about her early life. 1 Did you have a pet? _ 2 Where did you go to school? 2 ajduns ised TE LINNcan and could for ability and possibility can swim. cannot swim, Lcan't swim. You can swim. You cannot swim. You can't swim. He can swim. He cannot swim. She can swim. She cannot swim. Itcan swim, It cannot swim. We can swim. We cannot swim. You can swim. You cannot swim. You can't swim. They can swim. They cannot swim. They can't swim. Can | swim? Yes, | can. / No, I can't. Can you swim? Yes, you can. / No, you can't. Can he swim? Yes, he can. No, he can't. Can she swim? Yes, she can. / No, she can't. Can it swim? Yes, it can. / No, it can't. Can we swim? Yes, we can. / No, we can't. Can you swim? Yes, you can. No, you can't. Can they swim? Yes, they can. J No, they can't. We form sentences with can like this: subject + can + base form We use can / can't: * to talk about our skills and general abilities Steve can play the piano, but he can't sing. * to say that something is, or is not possible or allowed We can see the beach from our room, Ican go to the cinema on Wednesday, but I can't go on Friday: + to make informal requests Can you open the door, please? Can I have another biscuit, please? | + to offer to do things | Can Itake you to the station? Can I carry those bags for you? * to talk about permission and rules Can we play in the garden? You can't eat in the library. You can use the gym between 1 and 2 p.m. ‘The past of can is could. I could play the piano when I was six. Could you speak English when you were at school? | Leouldn’t /could not stay out late with my friends when I was thirteen. | We use could in polite requests and as a polite way of telling or asking someone to do something. Could you tell me where the library is, please? | Could I have the bill, please?4% Karen is at an interview for a job. Listen and complete the sentences with can or can't. Good morning, Karen. Karen Yes, (7) , but | Good morning, Mr Lucas. (8) type fast. Now, let me see. (1) can Mr Lucas OK. (9) you tell me you drive? about your interests, please? No, 1 (2) but | Karen Yes, of course. | play lots of sports ide a motorbike. and | travel a lot. you Mr Lucas Well, (10) | ask you speak any foreign languages? another question? Yes, 1 (5) speak Karen Yes, go ahead. Spanish, French, German and Mr Lucas (11) you start work Chinese. tomorrow? The job is yours! Excellent! (6) you use ‘a computer? Can you do these activities? Complete the table for yourself. Then answer the questions. Lucas You | 8 Tim |" 1 Cam Lucas bake a cake or swim? He can bake a cake, but he can't swim. _ 2 Can Grace and Tim swim? 3 Can Lucas speak Japanese? ‘speak Japanese swim a a 4 Can Grace and Tim play an instrument? play an instrument a aa pos. 5 Can Lucas ski? repair a car 4 - 6 Can Grace and Tim repair a car? ride a horse a - z Oo 3. Now write similar sentences about yourself. 1 I can't bake a cake, but | can... 3 - 4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 can't / They / tennis / play 4 borrow / please / Can / your /1/ pen ‘They can't play tennis. _ _ a 7 2 you / speak / Chinese / Can 5 have/1/ some / Can / please / water 2 3. use/ mobile phones / You / at /can't/ school 6 help / you / Can / | 2 4 _ ¥ Amqyssod pue Ayrpqe 10j pjnoo pue uv> ZE LINNPue Aye 105 pjnoo pue ud BE LINN Use the prompts and can to write sentences. 1 my brother / not play / the guitar 4 you / pass / the salt / please My brother can't play the guitar = 2 you / clean / bedroom / please 5 you / not take photos / in the museum 2 3. they / swim 4 we/ see / the mountains / from the hotel 2 ‘Write questions with can. Then anwer them with short answers. 1 ill ride a bike xX 4 your sister / play hockey ¥ A Can Jill ride a bike? A 7 B No, she can't. B : 2 babies / walk X 5 Amy Itype fast X A 7 2 A 7 B B 3. Nick / whistle 7 6 Lisa and Joe / speak Russian 7 A AL - B - . B Complete the sentences with could or couldn't. 1 |_couldn't_open the door because it was 4_He was very embarrassed because locked. he __ remember her name. 2 Alfie was a very clever boy. He 5 It's a beautiful day. We go read when he was four! for a walk at the seaside 3 __ you repeat that, please? 6 Alter the accident, she __ play tennis for two months. Complete the sentences. Use can / can’t or could / couldn't plus a verb from the box. “find see run go speak understand sleep 1 last night but she 4 When I was younger |_ = co marathon in three hour: 2 The doctor is very [Link] 5 Before Mario came to England he you today. - __English 3 Chris to the meeting last Now he everything. week. He was ill 6 | looked everywhere for my glasses but | them. ‘What could you do when you were six years old? Write sentences with could and couldn’t and the ideas in the box. read speak English play the violin sing draw pictures play video games say the alphabet count to one hundred ride a bike 3 4Comparatives and superlatives EE] ‘We use the comparative form of adjectives when we want to compare two elements such as objects, places and people. We use the comparative of adverbs to compare two different actions or behaviour. ‘We generally use than after comparative adjectives. England is bigger than Scotland. Tim's car goes faster than yours. Jane is cleverer than Stuart. | We use the superlative form to compare someone or something in a group with all the other things | in that group. Paul is the tallest person in the class. Ann drives the most carefully of her friends. How to make comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs: + with one-syllable words we add -er /-est | tall > taller ‘fast > faster cheap > cheaper tall-> the tallest ‘fast -> the fastest cheap ~* the cheapest with one-syllable words ending in vowel + consonant, we double the consonant | big > bigger hot > hotter fat > fatter big the biggest hot the hottest ‘fat ~ the fattest with words ending in consonant + -y, we change the -y to -ie and add -r /-st easy > easier happy ~> happier dry > drier easy ~> the easiest happy the happiest dry ~* the driest + for adjectives and adverbs with two or more syllables we use more + adjective / adverb and the most + adjective / adverb important > more important ~* the most important quickly > more quickly ~* the most quickly Note! | We can modify comparatives with much / a lor or a bit / a little. You're a lot stronger than me! | Irregular adjectives and adverbs good / well better the best “bad / badly worse the worst “far farther / further the farthest / the furthest “Tittle less the least ‘much more the most 1 Write the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives. 1 cold colder, the coldest 5 lucky 2 intelligent 6 slow 3 high a eangerous, 4 wet 8 strange - Bsoanepadns pue saaneredwo) g¢ JINN ‘Write the comparative and superlative of the following adverbs, 1 quietly more quietly, the most quietly 2 carefully 3 fast 4 happily Complete the sentences using the comparative of the adjective in brackets. 1 Paul is shorter (short) than his brother. 2. This exercise is (hard) than the last one. 3. Myheadacheis (bad) than yours! 4 Ihopelgeta____(good) mark in my test than last time, PV Use the prompts to write sentences. Remember to use than, Then listen and check, 1 this jumper / pretty / the blue one This jumper is prettier than the blue one. 2 Greece / small / Australia 3. Indian food / spicy / Italian food Complete the sentences with the superlative form. 1 Today is the longest (long) day of the year. 2 Thisis (good) chocolate cake in the café. 3. Frank is ___ (short) boy in my class. 4 Jack is (intelligent) dog in the world Use the prompts to write comparative sentences with adverbs. 1. Joe drives / dangerously / his wife Joe drives more dangerously than his wife. 2 Anita talks / slowly / Richard 5 badly 6 heavily 7 early 8 suddenly 5. This computer is expensive than that one. 6 Itisn’t very warm today. It was (warm) yesterday. 7 Our house is______ (big) than thei 8 Gold is ___ (expensive) than sih (little) 4 My English teacher / nice / history teacher 5 Elephants / big / mice 6 My mother’s cooking / good / mine 5 Amy knows __ (funny) jokes! 6 Which is (busy) city in the world? 7 Today! got____(bad) mark in the class. 8 Susan is ____(pretty) of her four sisters. 4 Yesterday / | worked / hard / you 5. He ran / fast / the other athletes 3 Liam speaks Spanish / fluently / the other students 6 Andy plays tennis / well / Pete7 &% Read the short story and underline the correct options. Then listen and check. Patricia heard a thump. Then she heard a thump that was (1) louder / the loudest than the first. The next thump was (2) louder / the loudest of all. She got out of bed and walked down the corridor, taking (3) quieter /the quietest steps she could. There were scary shadows everywhere, but the one behind her was (4) scarier /the scares. “This is (5) spookier / the spookiest than a haunted house’, she thought. A spooky shadow followed her. It was (6) taller / the tallest than she was. When it followed 7 her downstairs, Patricia screamed: ‘You don't scare me!’ Suddenly Patricia began to laugh. There wasn’t a ghost in the house. The shadow was her own! 8 Write the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets to complete the sentences. Romeo and Juliet is it ic 4° I think football is _ (popular) (romantic) of all Shakespeare's plays. sport in the world. Let’s meet in the school library. It's City life is ___ (exciting) than life _ (quiet) than the other rooms. in the countryside. My bedroom is __ (warm) room Our rugby team played __—_(well) in the house. of all. We won the trophy! 9 Read the advert and underline the best option. Looking for the perfect holiday in France? Do you want to eat (1) best /well/ better than usual? Well come to the south of France. Its one of (2) the more / the most / more fashionable parts of France. You can enjoy (3) nicer fas nice / the nicest traditional food and (4) the best / better / well local wine. You can visit (5) the more / most / the most 3s in the area such as Avignon and -e, Don't forget, you can also admire ‘I more | the much famous French 40 Think of two locations in your country. Write sentences using the comparative and superlative forms. soanepadns pue saaneredwoy §€ LINNmust, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to, had to We can use either must ot have to to express obligation or necessity. We use must: * to talk about obligations and things we decide are necessary ‘We must revise for the exam. It’s late! We must go. + to give advice or recommend something It's a fantastic film. You must see it! + with rules and instructions You must stand up when the teacher arrives. You must write your name in black ink. We use have to: * to talk about obligations or something which is necessary because of a law or because someone else says it. My boss says I have to give a presentation tomorrow. Thave to wear a uniform at my school. We use mustn't: + to express prohibition You mustn't run in the corridor. You musin’t talk loudly in the library. We use don’t have to: + to say that something isn’t necessary We don't have 10 go to school on Saturday. Does she have to get up early tomorrow morning? Note! For past obligations we use had to, Complete the sentences with must or mustn't, We _ mustn't forget mum and dad's You visit India one day. wedding anniversary. It's a fascinating country! Students ___turn off their mobile The film starts at 9 [Link] phones at school. be late. She 0 home alone. it's The sea is rough today. You dangerous. swim here. We've got a maths test tomorrow. We Pete is sick. He ____stay in bed _ study hard. today. Complete the sentences with must / mustn't and a verb from the box. forget finish wash leave read_-«sfeed = go_—seat 1 My hands are dirty. 1_must wash_ them. The dentist told the children they 2 We to the supermarket. We too many sweets. haven't got any milk. ___ the animals at the zoo. 3 1_____to phone Julie. the window open. It's 4 It's a great book. You my homework.Complete the sentences with mustn't or don’t have to | doesn’t have to. 1 They don't have to wear a uniform. It's not 4 You cut the grass. I cutit obligatory at this school. yesterday. 2 She decide right now. She can 5 He drive so fast. I's | decide later. dangerous. | 3 We ___eat in the classrooms. 6 Susan is very rich. She work! Complete the letter with the correct forms of must or have to. Dear Jessica, how are you? Im fine. ive got a new Job ina DIY shop! (1) work every Saturday from 11 [Link] 5 pm. don't mind because | (2) ‘too eartyl (8) —_—_—___—" but it's OK. It’ blue shirt and white trousers. 14) know all about the products In the chop. Gometimes the customers can be difficult but | (5) be rude! My boss is really kind but he says 16) be late for work. (7) bring my own lunch because there io. canteen for the staff. {really like my new job, but there's one problem. 18) do all my homework on Sunday! Write soon, Lian X getup weara uniform, ‘Write about the things you had to do and didn’t have to do when you were a child. You can use the ideas in the box to help you. learn Chinese _wear-a-uniform- goto school __go to bed early walk to school wear glasses write poems do the washing up had to wear a uniform at school. eua0K 0 poy ‘0) aany j,uop ‘0) avy 4,uisnur ‘IsMU YE LINNRelative pronouns are used to link two sentences together. We use them to add further information. They can be subjects or objects of relative clauses. We use who to refer to people: I've gota friend. My friend can speak five languages languages. We use which to refer to things and animals: We stayed in a hotel which had a swimming pool. We use where for places: This is the house where I grew up. ‘We can use that instead of who / which for people, things and animals: always sit at the desk that is near the window. He's the doctor that saved my life. 1 Match column A with column B using who, which or where. A greengrocer is a person who A fridge is a thing A nurse is a person A dishwasher is a thing A park is a place _ A cinema is a place oununie 2 Complete the sentences with who or which. 1 The man who Scottish. 2 What's the name of the river flows through London? 3 Ihave a friend painting. 4. The teacher always asks questions are really difficult! lives next door is is very good at 3° Underline the correct relative pronoun, 1 Athermometer is an object that / who measures temperature. 2 Spielberg directed the film Schindler's List who | which won an Oscar. 3 Auniversity is a place where / that students study. 4. The children rescued the cat who / that had a broken leg. who, where, which, that » I've gota friend who can speak five meance ©) people go to walk. (1 people use to keep food cold. 7 you go to watch a film. (5. people use to wash dishes. looks after sick people. [1] sells fruit and vegetables. That's the girl at school. I can't find the letter __ yesterday. The police are looking for the thief robbed the bank on Friday. Jonas is wearinga coat_____—_is too big for him. __ sits next to me arrived know a person who / where works on the Ww. A baker's is a place which / where you can buy bread and cakes. That's the palace where / who the royal family spend their holidays. What did you do with the money where / which your mother gave you?4 Complete the sentences with an appropriate relative pronoun. $s 1 We stayed in a hotel which / that had 5 My cousin, lives in Australia, a magnificent views. can surf very well. |e 2 Leo isthe exchange student is 6 That's the castle __theyfilmed | staying with us for a week, Harry Potter! z 3. Do you know the girl lives at 7 AWhere's the phone book? & number 10? B It’s the big yellow book is = 4 Excuse me, is this the train _ on the shelf. |s goes to Brighton? 8 The café we usually meet isin | & a park. & 5 Join the two sentences together with who, which, where or that. 5 1 Chocoholic is a new café. It sells delicious 5 That is Michael. | met him at the party chocolate cakes _ | Chocoholic is @ new café which / that sells 6 Little Red Riding Hood went to visit her delicious chocolate cakes. grandmother. Her grandmother lived in a 2 Emma Watson is an English actress. She small house in the woods. starred in the Harry Potter films. 7 Orange juice is a healthy drink, It has lots 3. Chris bought a new car. Itis very fast! of vitamin C. 4 Barcelona is a Spanish city. You can see 8 Killer whales are mammals. They live in the Gaudi's architecture there. Arctic and Antarctic oceans. 6 Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun and your own ideas. 1. This is the house 2 That's the lady where Shakespeare was born. Rate ee ee 4. That's the policeman