STATISTICS

INTRODUCTION
An average or a central value of a statistical series in the value of the variable which describes the
characteristics of the entire distribution.
The following are the five measures of central tendency.
(1) Arithmetic mean (2) Geometric mean (3) Harmonic mean (4) Median (5) Mode

ARITHMETIC MEAN

(1) Simple arithmetic mean in individual series (Ungrouped data)

(i) Direct method : If the series in this case be x1 , x2 , x3 , ......, xn then the arithmetic mean x is given by
Sum of the series x  x 2  x3  ....  x n 1 n
x , i.e., x  1   xi
Number of terms n n i 1
(ii) Short cut method
d
Arithmetic mean ( x )  A  ,
n
where, A = assumed mean, d = deviation from assumed mean = x – A, where x is the individual item,
d = sum of deviations and n = number of items.

(2) Simple arithmetic mean in continuous series (Grouped data)

(i) Direct method : If the terms of the given series be x1 , x 2 , ...., xn and the corresponding frequencies be
n

f 1 x1  f 2 x 2  ....  f n x n fx i 1
i i
f 1 , f 2 , .... f n , then the arithmetic mean x is given by, x   n
.
f 1  f 2  ....  f n
f
i 1
i

 f ( x  A)
(ii) Short cut method : Arithmetic mean ( x )  A 
f
Where A = assumed mean, f = frequency and x – A = deviation of each item from the assumed mean.

(3) PROPERTIES OF ARITHMETIC MEAN

(i) Algebraic sum of the deviations of a set of values from their arithmetic mean is zero. If xi / f i , i = 1, 2,
…, n is the frequency distribution, then
n

 f (x
i 1
i i  x )  0 , x being the mean of the distribution.

(ii) The sum of the squares of the deviations of a set of values is minimum when taken about mean.
(iii) Mean of the composite series : If xi , (i  1, 2, ....., k ) are the means of k-component series of sizes
ni , (i  1, 2, ...., k ) respectively, then the mean x of the composite series obtained on combining the
n n
n1 x1  n 2 x2  ....  n k x k
component series is given by the formula x    ni x i n i .
n1  n 2  ....  n k i 1 i 1
GEOMETRIC MEAN
If x1 , x 2 , x3 , ......, xn are n values of a variate x, none of them being zero, then geometric mean (G.M.) is given
1
by G.M.  ( x1 .x2 .x3 ......xn )1 / n  log( G.M.) 
(log x1  log x 2  .....  log x n ) .
n
In case of frequency distribution, G.M. of n values x1 , x2 , .....x n of a variate x occurring with frequency
f 1 , f 2 , ....., f n is given by G.M.  ( x1f1 . x 2f 2 .....x nf n ) 1 / N , where N  f 1  f 2  .....  f n .

HARMONIC MEAN
n
The harmonic mean of n items x1 , x2 , ......, xn is defined as H.M.  .
1 1 1
  ..... 
x1 x 2 xn
f 1  f 2  f 3  .....  f n
If the frequency distribution is f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , ......, f n respectively, then H.M. 
 f1 f 2 f 
   .....  n 
 x1 x 2 xn 
MEDIAN
Median is defined as the value of an item or observation above or below which lies on an equal number of
observations i.e., the median is the central value of the set of observations provided all the observations are
arranged in the ascending or descending orders.
(1) Calculation of median
(i) Individual series : If the data is raw, arrange in ascending or descending order. Let n be the number of
observations.
th
 n 1
If n is odd, Median = value of   item.
 2 
th th
1 n n  
If n is even, Median =  value of   item  value of   1 item 
2   2 2  
(ii) Discrete series : In this case, we first find the cumulative frequencies of the variables arranged in
ascending or descending order and the median is given by
th
 n 1
Median =   observation, where n is the cumulative frequency.
 2 
(iii) For grouped or continuous distributions : In this case, following formula can be used
N 
 C
2
(a) For series in ascending order, Median = l    i
f
Where l = Lower limit of the median class
f = Frequency of the median class
N = The sum of all frequencies
i = The width of the median class
C = The cumulative frequency of the class preceding to median class.
(b) For series in descending order
N 
 C
Median = u   2   i , where u = upper limit of the median class
 f 
 
 
n
N   fi
i 1

As median divides a distribution into two equal parts, similarly the quartiles, quantiles, deciles and
percentiles divide the distribution respectively into 4, 5, 10 and 100 equal parts. The jth quartile is given by
 N 
 j C
Qj  l   4  i; j  1, 2, 3 . Q1 is the lower quartile, Q2 is the median and Q3 is called the upper quartile.
 f 
 
 

(2) Lower quartile

th
 n 1
(i) Discrete series : Q1  size of   item
 4 
N 
 C
4
(ii) Continuous series : Q1  l    i
f

(3) Upper quartile

th
 3(n  1) 
(i) Discrete series : Q3  size of   item
 4 
 3N 
 C
4
(ii) Continuous series : Q3  l    i
f

(4) Decile : Decile divide total frequencies N into ten equal parts.
N j
C
D j  l  10 i [j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
f
N
C
If j = 5, then D5  l  2  i . Hence D5 is also known as median.
f

(5) Percentile : Percentile divide total frequencies N into hundred equal parts
N k
C
Pk  l  100 i
f
where k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,.......,99.
Mode
The mode or model value of a distribution is that value of the variable for which the frequency is maximum.
 f1  f 0 
For continuous series, mode is calculated as, Mode  l1   i
 2 f1  f 0  f 2 
Where, l1= The lower limit of the model class
f1 = The frequency of the model class
f 0 = The frequency of the class preceding the model class
f 2 = The frequency of the class succeeding the model class
i = The size of the model class.

Symmetric distribution : A symmetric is a symmetric distribution if the values of mean, mode and median
coincide. In a symmetric distribution frequencies are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center
point of the frequency curve.
A distribution which is not symmetric is called a skewed-distribution. In a moderately asymmetric the
interval between the mean and the median is approximately one-third of the interval between the mean and
the mode i.e. we have the following empirical relation between them

Mean – Mode = 3(Mean – Median)  Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean. It is known as Empirical relation.
Some important facts about median & mode
It is an appropriate average in dealing with qualitative data, like intelligence, wealth etc.
The sum of the deviations of the items from median, ignoring algebraic signs, is less than the sum from any
other point.
It is not based on all items of the series.
As compared to other averages mode is affected to a large extent by fluctuations of sampling,.
It is not suitable in a case where the relative importance of items have to be considered.

MEASURES OF DISPERSION
The degree to which numerical data tend to spread about an average value is called the dispersion of the
data. The four measure of dispersion are
(1) Range (2) Mean deviation (3) Standard deviation (4) Square deviation

(1) Range : It is the difference between the values of extreme items in a series. Range = Xmax – Xmin
x  xmin
The coefficient of range (scatter)  max .
xmax  xmin
Range is not the measure of central tendency. Range is widely used in statistical series relating to quality
control in production.
(i) Inter-quartile range : We know that quartiles are the magnitudes of the items which divide the
distribution into four equal parts. The inter-quartile range is found by taking the difference between third
and first quartiles and is given by the formula
Inter-quartile range  Q3  Q1
Where Q1 = First quartile or lower quartile and Q3 = Third quartile or upper quartile.
(ii) Percentile range : This is measured by the following formula
Percentile range  P90  P10
Where P90 = 90th percentile and P10 = 10th percentile.
Percentile range is considered better than range as well as inter-quartile range.
(iii) Quartile deviation or semi inter-quartile range : It is one-half of the difference between the third
Q  Q1 Q  Q1
quartile and first quartile i.e., Q.D.  3 and coefficient of quartile deviation  3 .
2 Q3  Q1
Where, Q3 is the third or upper quartile and Q1 is the lowest or first quartile.

(2) Mean deviation : The arithmetic average of the deviations (all taking positive) from the mean, median
or mode is known as mean deviation.
(i) Mean deviation from ungrouped data (or individual series)
| xM |
Mean deviation 
n
Where |x – M| means the modulus of the deviation of the variate from the mean (mean, median or mode). M
and n is the number of terms.
(ii) Mean deviation from continuous series : Here first of all we find the mean from which deviation is to
be taken. Then we find the deviation dM  | x  M | of each variate from the mean M so obtained.
Next we multiply these deviations by the corresponding frequency and find the product [Link] and then the
sum  f dM of these products.
 f | x  M |  f dM
Lastly we use the formula, mean deviation   , where n = f.
n n
NOTE :
Mean deviation from the mean
(i) Mean coefficient of dispersion 
Mean
Mean deviation from the median
(ii) Median coefficient of dispersion 
Median
Mean deviation from the mode
(iii) Mode coefficient of dispersion 
Mode
(iv) In general, mean deviation (M.D.) always stands for mean deviation about median.

(3) Standard deviation : Standard deviation (or S.D.) is the square root of the arithmetic mean of the square
of deviations of various values from their arithmetic mean and is generally denoted by  read as sigma.
(i) Coefficient of standard deviation : To compare the dispersion of two frequency distributions the
relative measure of standard deviation is computed which is known as coefficient of standard deviation and
is given by

Coefficient of S.D.  , where x is the A.M.
x
(ii) Standard deviation from individual series
( x  x ) 2
 
N
where, x = The arithmetic mean of series
N = The total frequency.
(iii) Standard deviation from continuous series
 f i ( xi  x ) 2

N
where, x = Arithmetic mean of series
xi = Mid value of the class
f i = Frequency of the corresponding xi
N = f = The total frequency

Short cut method

2
 fd 2   fd 
(i)    
N  N 
2
d 2  d 
(ii)    
N  N 
where, d = x – A = Deviation from the assumed mean A
f = Frequency of the item
N = f = Sum of frequencies

(4) Variance
The square of standard deviation is called the variance.
Coefficient of standard deviation and variance : The coefficient of standard deviation is the ratio of the S.D.
 
to A.M. i.e., . Coefficient of variance = coefficient of S.D.  100   100 .
x x
Variance of the combined series : If n1 ;n2 are the sizes, x1 ; x2 the means and  1 ; 2 the standard deviation
1
of two series, then  2  [ n1 ( 12  d 12 )  n 2 ( 22  d 22 )]
n1  n 2
n1 x1  n2 x2
Where, d1  x1  x , d 2  x 2  x and x  .
n1  n 2
NOTE :
Standard deviation ≤ Range i.e., variance ≤ (Range)2.
Empirical relations between measures of dispersion
4
(i) Mean deviation  (standard deviation)
5
2
(ii) Semi interquartile range  (standard deviation)
3
5
(iii) Semi interquartile range  (mean deviation)
6
n2  1
S.D. of first n natural numbers is .
12
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET - II

1. If mean of 3, 4, x, 7, 10 is 6, then the value of x is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7

2. Mean of first n odd natural numbers is

n 1
(a) (b) n (c) n + 1 (d) none of these
2

n7
3. If the mean of first n natural numbers is equal to , then n is equal to
3
(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) none of these

4. The mean of a set of numbers is x . If each number is increased by  , the mean of the new set is
(a) x (b) x   (c)  x (d) none of these

n
5. If x is the mean of a set of n observations x1, x2, x3,…,xn then x
i 1
i 
 x is equal to

(a) M.D. about mean (b) S.D.

(c) 0 (d) none of these

6. If mean of the n observations x1, x2, x3, …., xn be x , then the mean of n observations
2x1 + 3, 2x2 + 3, 2x3 + 3, ….,2xn + 3 is
(a) 3 x + 2 (b) 2 x + 3 (c) x + 3 (d) 2 x

7. The weighted mean of fist n natural numbers, whose weights are proportional to the corresponding
numbers, is
n 1  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1 2n  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 6 2 3

8. Product of n positive numbers is unity. The sum of these numbers cannot be less than
(a) 1 (b) n (c) n2 (d) none of these

9. In an arranged series of n observations (n being an odd number), the median is the value of
n  n 1  n   1
(a)   th item (b)   th item (c)   1  th item (d)  n   th item
2  2  2   2

10. The mean of a set of numbers is x . If each number is multiplied by  , then the mean of the set is
(a) x (b)   x (c)  x (d) none of these

11. If each of the n observations of a discrete data with mean x be divided by a nonzero constant  , then
the new mean is
x
(a)  x (b) x (c) (d) none of these

12. The mean of discrete observations y1, y2, y3,……..,yn is given by
n n n n

 yi
i 1
 yi
i 1
 yi f i
i 1
y f
i 1
i i
(a) (b) n
(c) (d) n
n n
i
i 1
f
i 1
i

13. The mean of the squares of first n natural numbers is

1 1 1 1
(a) n2 (b) n  n  1 (c) n  2n  1 (d)  n  1 2n  1
2 3 6 6

 fiui
14. For a continuous series, we compute the mean using the formula mean  a   c, where u i is
 fi
equal to
yi  a
(a) yi  a (b) yi  a (c) (d)  y i  a  c
c

15. Mean of n observations x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,......, x n is x. If an observation x p is replaced by x q , then the new

mean is
 n  1 x  x q nx  x p  x q
(a) x  x p  x q (b) (c) (d) none of these
n n

16. A group of 10 items has mean 6. If the mean of 4 of these items is 7.5, then the mean of the
remaining items is
(a) 6.5 (b) 5.5 (c) 4.5 (d) 5.0

17. The mean of a set of observations is x. If each observation is divided by  ,   0 , and then is
increased by 10, then the mean of the new set is
x x  10 x  10
(a) (b) (c) (d)  x  10.
  

18. Weighted mean is computed by the formula

 xi  wi  wi xi  wi xi
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 wi  xi  wi  xi

19. Mean of 10 items was found to be 15. On verification, it was found that an item 21 was miscopied as
12. The correct mean is
(a) 15.9 (b) 14.1 (c) 24 (d) none of these

20. In a group of students, mean weight of boys is 80 kg and mean weight of girls is 50 kg. If the mean
weight of all the students taken together is 60 kg, then the ratio of the number of boys to that of girls
is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 3 (d) none of these

21. The mean weight of a group of 10 items is 28 and that of another group of n items is 35. The mean of
combined group of 10 + n items is found to be 30. The value of n is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 10 (d) 12
22. If the mean of numbers 27, 31, 89, 107, 156 is 82, then the mean of 130, 126, 68, 50, 1 is
(a) 75 (b) 157 (c) 82 (d) 80

23. The weighted mean of first n natural numbers, whose weights are equal to the squares of
corresponding numbers, is
n 1 3n  n  1  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2  2n  1 6 2

24. Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency:

(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Range

25. If d i is the deviation of a class mark yi from ‘a’, the ‘assumed mean’ and fi is the frequency, then
1
Mg  x    fi di  , where x is
 fi
(a) lower limit (b) assumed mean
(c) number of observations (d) class size

46n
26. If the mean of n observations 12 , 22 ,32 ,......, n 2 is , then n is equal to
11
(a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 23 (d) 22

27. The mean of 50 observations is 36. If two observations 30 and 42 are deleted, then the mean of the
remaining observations is
(a) 48 (b) 36 (c) 38 (d) none of these

28. Mean of the numbers 1, 2, 3,….., n with respective weights

12  1, 22  2, 32  3,......, n 2  n is
3n  n  1 2n  1 3n  1 3n  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2  2n  1 3 4 2

29. If the mean of the set of numbers x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,....., x nis x , then the mean of the numbers x i  2i,1  i  n ,
is
(a) x  2n (b) x  n  1 (c) x  2 (d) x  n.

30. Mean of n numbers x1 , x 2 ,..., x n , where x i   i  1 i for each i = 1, 2, …….n, is

 n  1 n  2   n  1 n  2 
(a) (b) n + 1 (c) (d) none of these
n 3

31. The mean of the first n terms of the A.P. (a + d) + (a + 3d) + (a + 5d) + …… is
n
(a) a  d (b) a + nd (c) a  n 2 d (d) none of these
2
32. If the mean of the first n odd natural numbers be n itself, then n is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) any natural number
33. If the mean of the squares of first n natural numbers be 11, then n is equal to
13
(a)  (b) 11 (c) 5 (d) none of these
2

34. Mean of the first n terms of the A.P. a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ……. is

(a) a 
nd
(b) a 
 n  1 d (c) a + (n – 1) d (d) a + nd
2 2

35. The harmonic mean of 3, 7, 8, 10, 14 is

3  7  8  10  14 1 1 1 1 1
(a) (b)    
5 3 7 8 10 14
1 1 1 1 1
   
5
(c) 3 7 8 10 14 (d)
5 1 1 1 1 1
   
3 7 8 10 14
1 1 1
36. If a, b, c are any three positive numbers, then the least value of  a  b  c      is
a b c
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) none of these

37. The harmonic mean of the numbers 2, 3, 4 is

1
36 13
(a) 3 (b)  24  3 (c) (d)
13 36

38. The harmonic mean of 4, 8, 16 is

(a) 6.4 (b) 6.7 (c) 6.85 (d) 7.8

39. The average speed of a car running at the rate of 15 km/hour during the first 30 km and at
20 km/hour during the second 30 km and at 25 km/hour during the thirst 30 km, will be
(a) 19.15 km/hour (b) 20 km/hour (c) 19.65 km/hour (c) 19.75 km/hour

40. An automobile driver travels from plain to a hill station 120 km distant at an average speed of 30 km
per hour. He then makes the return trip at an average speed of 25 km per hour. He covers another 120
km distance on plain at an average speed of 50 km per hour. His average speed over the entire
distance of 360 km will be
1
30  25  50
(a) km / hour (b)  30  25  50  3
3
3
(c) km / hour (d) none of these
1 1 1
 
30 25 50

41. Ram spends equal amounts on purchasing three kinds of pens being sold at Rs 5, Rs 10 and Rs 15
per piece. Average cost of each pen is
90
(a) Rs 10 (b) Rs (c) Rs 9 (d) none of these
11
42. A boy goes to school from his home at a speed of x km/hr and comes back at a speed of y [Link] then
the average speed of the boy is given by
xy 2xy
(a) km / hr (b) xykm / hr (c) km / hr (d) any of these
2 xy
43. The geometric mean of the numbers 4, 8, 16 is
28 48
(a) (b) 8 (c) (d) none of these
3 7
2 3 n
44. Geometric mean of the numbers 2, 2 , 2 ,....., 2
2 n n 1 n 1
n 2 2 2
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2

45. The geometric mean of n observation x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,......, x n is

n

x i
n 1
(a) i 1
(b) n
(c)  x1x 2 x 3 .....x n  n (d) none of these
n 1
  
i 1  x i 

46. The geometrical mean of the numbers 2, 8, 16, 128, 512 is

5
(a) 133  2 (b)
1 1 1 1 1
   
2 8 16 128 512
24
(c) 2 5 (d) none of these

47. The geometrical mean of the first n terms of the G.P. a + ar + ar 2 + ….. is
n  n 1
(a) ar 2 (b) ar n (c) ar 2 (d) ar n 1

48. The G.M. of the numbers 3,32 ,33 ,.......,3n is

2  n 1 n  n 1
(a) 3 n (b) 3 2 (c) 3 2 (d) 3 2

49. The geometric mean of the observations 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 is

5 7
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 33 (d) none of these

50. The relationship between mean, median and mode for a moderately skewed distribution is
(a) mode = median – 2 mean (b) mode = 2 median – mean
(c) mode = 2 median – 3 mean (d) mode = 3 median – 2 mean

51. The median of the data 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 is
(a) 17 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) none of these

52. In an arranged discrete series in which total number of observations ‘n’ is even, median is
n n 
(a) th item (b)   1  th item
2 2 
n n 
(c) the mean of th and   1 th item (d) none of these.
2 2 
53. For a frequency distribution 7th decile is computed by the formula
n   n 
 7 C  10  C 
(a) D7  l   c (b) D7  l   c
 f   f 
   
 7   10 
 10 n  C   7 n C
(c) D7  l   c (d) D7  l   c
 f   f 
   

54. Which of the following, in case of a discrete data, is not equal to the median ?
(a) 50th percentile (b) 5th decile (c) 2nd quartile (d) lower quartile

7 5 1 1
55. If a variable takes the discrete values   4,   ,   ,   3,   2,   ,   ,   5    0  ,
2 2 2 2
then the median is
5 1 5
(a)   (b)   (c)   2 (d)  
4 2 4

56. If in a moderately asymmetrical distribution, mode and mean of the data are 6  and 9 
respectively, then median is
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 5

57. The most stable measure of central tendency is

(a) mean (b) median (c) mode (d) none of these

58. The following data gives the distribution of heights of students :

Height (in cm) 160 150 152 161 156 154 155
Number of 12 8 4 4 3 3 7
students
The median of the distribution is
(a) 154 (b) 155 (c) 160 (d) 161

59. For a continuous series, the mode is computed by the formula

f m 1 f m  f m 1
(a) l  c (b) l  c
f m  f m 1  f m 1 2f m  f m 1  f m 1
f m  f m 1 2f m  f m 1
(c) l  c (d) l  c
f m  f m 1  f m  f m 1 f m  f m 1  f m  2

60. The median of the following data is 11, 29, 17, 21, 13, 31, 39, 19.
21  13 19  21
(a) (b) 19 (c) 21 (d) .
12 2
61. Mode of the data 3, 2, 5, 2, 3, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3, 5, 2, 5 is
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 3

62. The median of 10, 14, 11, 9, 8, 12, 6 is

(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 11
63. If the mode of a data is 18 and the mean is 24, then median is
(a) 18 (b) 24 (c) 22 (d) 21

64. If median = (mode + 2 mean)  , then  is equal to

1
(a) 3 (b) (c) 2 (d) none of these
3
65. Mode of the distribution
Marks 4 5 6 7 8
Number of 3 5 10 6 1
students is
(a) 6 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) none of these

66. If Mean = (3 Median - Mode) x, then the value of x is

1 3
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) .
2 2

67. Which one of the following average is most affected of extreme observations?
(a) Mode (b) Median (c) Arithmetic mean (d) Geometric mean

68. A data consists of two 2’s, four 4’s, six 6’s, three 8’s and 10. The mode of the data is
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) none of these

69. The mode of the following data

Marks 1 – 10 11 – 20 21 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50
Number of 8 15 28 16 8
students is
(a) 25. 7 (b) 25.9 (c) 25.2 (d) 25.0

70. The mode of the following items is 0, 1, 6, 7, 2, 3, 7, 6, 6, 2, 6, 0, 5, 6, 0

(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 2

71. For a normal distribution, we have

(a) mean = median (b) median = mode
(c) mode = mean (d) mean = median = mode

72. The range of the following set of observations

2, 3, 5, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 7, 4, 3 is
(a) 11 (b) 7 (c) 5  5 (d) 6

73. Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion?

(a) Mean (b) Variance (c) Mean deviation (d) Range

74. If each observation of a raw data, whose variance is  2 , is multiplied by  , then the variance of the
new set is
(a)  2 (b)  2  2 (c)    2 (d)  2   2 .

75. The variance of first n natural numbers is

n2 1 n2 1 n2 1 n2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) .
12 12 6 2
76. The S.D. of the first n natural numbers is
n 1 n  n  1 n2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2 12

77. If  is the mean of a distribution, then  fi  yi    is equal to

(a) M.D. (b) S. D. (c) 0 (d) none of these

78. Variance of the numbers 3, 7, 10, 18, 22 is equal to

(a) 12 (b) 6.4 (c) 49.2 (d) 49.2

79. Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion?

(a) Variance (b) Mean deviation (c) Standard deviation (d) Mode

80. The coefficient of variation is computed by

Mean S.D S.D Mean
(a) (b) (c)  100 (d)  100
S.D. Mean Mean S.D.

ax  b
81. The standard deviation of a variant x is  . The standard deviation of the variable ; a, b, c are
c
constants, is
a a  a2 
(a)    (b)  (c)  2  (d) none of these
c c c 

82. The standard deviation of 25 numbers is 40. If each of the numbers is increased by 5, then the new
standard deviation will be
21
(a) 40 (b) 45 (c) 40  (d) none of these
25

83. The standard deviation of the observations 22, 26, 28, 20, 24, 30 is
(a) 2 (b) 2.4 (c) 3 (d) 3.42

84. For a frequency distribution, the mean deviation about mean is computed by
 di  f id i f d  fi
(a) M.D.  (b) M.D.  (c) M.D. i i (d) M.D. 
 fi  fi  fi  fi di

85. If the standard deviation of 1, 2, 3, 4,…., 10 is  , then the standard deviation of 11, 12, 13, 14,….,
20 is
(a)   10 (b) 10 (c)  (d) none of these

86. If each observation of a raw data, whose variance is  2 , is increased by  , then the variance of the
new set is
(a)  2 (b)  2 (c)    2 (d)  2  2

87. Consider any set of observations x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,....., x101 ; it being given that x1  x 2  x 3  ......  x100  x101
then the mean deviation of this set of observations about a point k is minimum when k equals
x  x 2  .....  x101
(a) x1 (b) x 51 (c) 1 (d) x 50
101
88. S.D. of n observations aPRACTICE
1 , a 2 , a 3 ,....., a n isPROBLEMS SET
, then the S.D. of - II
the observations a1 , a 2 , a 3 ,...., a n is
(a)  (b)  (c)   (d) 

89. The mean of 5 observations is 4.4 and their variance is 8.24. If three observations are 1, 2 and 6, the
other two observations are
(a) 4 and 8 (b) 4 and 9 (c) 5 and 7 (d) 5 and 9

90. The variance of  ,  and  is 9, then variance of 5, 5 and 5 is

9 5
(a) 45 (b) (c) (d) 225
5 9

91. For a moderately skewed distribution, quartile deviation and the standard deviation are related by
2 3 3 4
(a) S.D.  Q.D. (b) S.D.  Q.D. (c) S.D.  Q.D. (d) S.D.  Q.D.
3 2 4 3

92. For a symmetrical distribution Q1  20 and Q3  40 . The median of the data is

(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 10

93. The Quartile Deviation of the daily wages (in Rs) of 7 persons given below:
12, 7, 15, 10, 17, 19, 25 is
(a) 14.5 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 4.5

94. What is the standard deviation of the following series?

Measurements 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40
Frequency 1 3 4 2
(a) 81 (b) 7.6 (c) 9 (d) 2.26

95. If the variance of a data is V, then its standard deviation is

(a) V (b)  V (c)  V (d) V 2

96. For a normal curve, the greatest ordinate is

1 1
(a) 2 (b)  2 (c) (d)
2  2

97. The measure of variation which is least affected by extreme items is

(a) range (b) quartile deviation (c) mean deviation (d) standard deviation

98. The S.D. of 15 items is 6 and if each item is decreased by 1, then standard deviation will be
91
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) (d) 6
15

99. Mean deviation from the mean for the observations – 1, 0, 4 is

14 2
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) none of these
3 3

100. The S.D. of 7 scores 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 is

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 7 (d) none of these
 ANSWER KEY
PRACTICE PROBLEMS SET - II

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c)

6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)

11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (c)

16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)

21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (b)

26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (c)

31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (d)

36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (c)

41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (d) 45. (c)

46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (d) 49. (b) 50. (d)

51. (a) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a)

56. (a) 57. (a) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (d)

61. (c) 62. (a) 63. (c) 64. (b) 65. (a)

66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (c)

71. (d) 72. (b) 73. (a) 74. (b) 75. (b)

76. (c) 77. (c) 78. (d) 79. (d) 80. (b)

81. (b) 82. (a) 83. (d) 84. (c) 85. (c)

86. (a) 87. (b) 88. (c) 89. (b) 90. (d)

91. (d) 92. (b) 93. (d) 94. (c) 95. (a)

96. (d) 97. (b) 98. (d) 99. (c) 100. (b)