World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Chinnathambi et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

SJIF Impact Factor 8.084

Volume 12, Issue 6, 669-688. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL SOAP BY USING

NATURALINGREDIENTS

J. Bhavani1, M. Chinnathambi2*, S. Sandhanam3, S. Jothilingam4, S. Arthi5 and N.

Monisha6

1
Professor, P.S.V. College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Krishnagiri.
2,3,4,5,6
Students, P.S.V. College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Krishnagiri.

ABSTRACT
Article Received on
28 Feb. 2023, The home grown cleanser was defined by utilizing leaf of neem, Aloe
Revised on 19 March 2023, Vera, tulshi, vit-c, tocopheryl acetic acid derivation ayurvedic beauty
Accepted on 09 April 2023
care products is exceptionally accommodating and does not donate it
DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20236-27757
side impacts. Ayurvedic beauty care products are too known as home
grown beauty care products. All home grown fixings are esily avelabal
*Corresponding Author
advertise of encompassing ranges, todayes condition numerous
M. Chinnathambi
contamination partical of IIV beams hurtful for the human body it's
Students, P.S.V. College of
Pharmaceutical Science and harm oure skin so beauty care products could be a portion of the watch
Research, Krishnagiri. out of the skin and body portion. Neem has gives more therapeutic
properties neem. live and their chemical constituents have been
illustrated to display antiinflammatory antihypergyasemic, antiulcer, antimalarial, antifungal,
antibacterial, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic property alce plant produces substance
utilized in makeup items it utilized treat burn the skin conditions psoriasis and indeed skin
break out Tocopheryl acetic acid derivation utilized in skin care items. the antioxidant
properties of tocopheryl acetic acid derivation can offer assistance to anticipate damage to
skin caused by free radicals from UV presentation as well because it gives antiinflammatory
impact. tulshi deliver numerous benefits for the skin like beep clean the skin. Treat skin break
out helps skin tone vit -c and turmeric moreover utilized. Home grown cleanser arrangement
may be a medicire or sedate like restorative properties like antibacterial antifungal bring the
skin and may property. The rough sedate which utilized within the cleanser planning is given
numerous property medication or makeup. The plant utilized in cleanser planning is able to
delicate the skin epiderms improve more noteworthy entrance expel skin break out as well as
advance recuperating and determination in rapidly in time.

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KEYWORD: Home grown Cleanser, Neem, Tulshi, Vit.C., VitE., Aloevera, Turmeric,
Rose Water,Cleanser Base, Lavendar Basic Oil.

INTRODUCTION
Soap is the product of a chemical process called saponification, which occurs when acids in
the form of animal or vegetable fats are combined with an alkali (a solution of sodium
hydroxide and water, called lye) and produce a mixture of soap and glycerine. Quite simply,
it’s a slippery substance that produces bubbles.

Soap making is an ancient craft. Prehistoric people may have discovered soap when fat and
ash met and saponified as they cooked over open pits. A soap manufactory was uncovered in
the ruins at Pompeii, and the Greek physician Mr. Galen wrote about soap in the second
century. It’s hard to believe that as recent as the last century, soap had to be labeled as to it’s
use. Also during this time, soap fell out of popularity as some modest Victorians believed
“soap baths” as disgraceful and sinful.

Some of the famous brand name soaps that you buy today are actually not soapat all. Nowhere
on the packages does the word “soap” appear, rather the products are labeled “beauty bars” or
“deodorant bars”. They are synthetic detergents. These “beauty bars” also contain chemical
components called “builders” that increase the efficiency of the soap.

This book will teach you how to make own “NATURAL SOAP”. Starting with a soap bar,
you can add your own natural ingredients, creating a product superior to a synthetic chemical
blend that is commercially available.

This book contains practical, easy-to-follow instruction for creating your own hand-milled
soap and other bath products. From the experience, perhaps you will develop a kinship with
generations of home-makers who, using recipes handed down for centuried, produced bath
and beauty products for their household using simple ingredients, herbs from the garden, and
natural fragrances.

I’ve included secrets for hand milling your own soap from a store bought soap base with
added ingredients to make a superior, quality bar. The addition to the basic white soap include
fragrant essential oils, herbs, flowers, colorants and rich oils to greatly improve the quality and
appeal of the soap. Recipes are presented for more than 20 different hand milled soaps. Only
simple equipment is required (most of what you need is probably already in your kitchen), and

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the ingredients are common and readily available in grocery stores, natural food markets, or
easily grown in a home garden.

There are also a variety of packaging and labeling ideas and plans for creaming unique and
attractive gift collections with soap and bath produces that will delight family and friends,
children and adults even the family dog.

Most of the money you pay for commercial bath products covers the costs of advertising,
packaging and promoting the products, not for what’s in them. You can make your own bath
products at home and package them elegantly for a fraction of the cost of store bought wares.
Another advantage is knowing what’s in your home made products many store bought
products, including soaps, are not required to list their ingredients.

Enjoy the process of creating your own personal care products and fragrance blends and
presenting them in a professional, eye catching manner. It’s another way to say, “I care, so I
made it myself”.

Making hand milled soap

A basic bar of white soap can be further manufactured and enhanced with fragrances, colors,
fillers, and oils that the saponification action would normally affect. This process is called
hand milling or French milling. The basic soap is transformed by grating it, remelting it and
mixing in additives to greatly improvethe qualities of the soap.

Commercially produced hand milled soap bars are considered the finest quality of soap
available for their silky hardness, fragrance and excellent emollient characteristics. Produced
at home, hand milled soaps are equally exceptional and can be molded and decorated in many
creative ways. Using a store bought soap as a base to make hand milled soaps makes it
possible to create wonderful soaps in an afternoon, rather than the days it would take if your
own soap.

Soap making terms

Additives
Ingredients added to soap during the hand milling process. These additions impart special
characteristics to the finished bar. Examples: addition of extra oils to create a super fatted
soap that adds extra moisturizing qualities and makes the soap richer and milder.

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Anti-oxidants
Ingredients that retard the deterioration of the soap by preventing natural ingredient, such as
fruits or vegetables, from combing with oxygen and becoming rancid. Example: vitamin
[Link].

Antiseptics
Substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria on living tissue and in the product. Example:
Lavender.

Aromatic
Having a fragrant smell and/or taste.

Detergent
A cleanser in which petroleum distillates take the place of natural fats.

Emollients
Ingredients that moisturize the skin, smooth wrinkles, improve elasticity andprotect.
Example: glycerine.

Hand milling
Soap made by grating a base soap, remelting with water, adding beneficial ingredients, and
remolding do produce a superior quality soap.

Herb
A plant used in medicines, as food, or for fragrance which has a soft stem and which, after
flowering, dies of withers to the ground. The American Herb Society’s official definition is
“any plant that can be used for pleasure, fragranceor physic.

Hydrating
Maintaining or restoring normal proportion of fluid in the body or skin. Used in cosmetics to
keep the skin moist, firm, and young looking. Example: sweet orange oil, chamomile.

Irritant
A substance that produces irritation or inflammation of the skin.
Examples: natural and synthetic substances.

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Saponification
The chemical process in which fats or oils are combined with an alkali (lye) to produce soap
and glycerine.

Spice
A strongly flavored, aromatic substance usually obtained from the seeds or fruit of tropical
plants. With a few exceptions, spices are not grown in home gardens in the northern
hemisphere. Example: cinnamon, cloves.

Ingredients
The ingredients used to make hand-milled soap include base soaps, additives, oils,
fragrances, and colorants. They can be found in grocery stores, health food stores, drug
stores, and crafts stores and can be ordered from catalogues.

It's important to become familiar with ingredients and their qualities before you start. For
example, using instant oatmeal instead of regular oatmealcan result in a soggy mess.

Just because herbs and flowers are natural doesn't mean they are harmless in every situation;
many deadly poisons come from plants. The herbs and flowers used in the recipes in this
book are ones that are generally considered safe. If you would like to learn more, there are
many books availableto educate you in the safe use of plant material.

Natural powders
Powdered spices, herbs, and flavorings give your hand-milled soap soft, natural hues. Add
them to the mixture when the fragrant oils are added and mix well. The powders will not
completely color all the bits of soap, but the resulting soap will be pleasantly speckled. You
can find powdered spices, herbs, and flavorings at grocery and health food stores. Here are
some suggestions:
Turmeric: Adds a golden orange hue. Use very little to avoid altering the scent ofthe soap.
Neem: An Ayurvedic ingredient which might be beneficial for treating health conditions like
skin disorders and treats insect bites.
Tulsi: Used to treat heart disease and fever and treat respiratory problems.

Fragrant
Fragrant oils are a significant part of creating bath products. Scents from botanicals and
additives are not strong enough for beautiful, aromatic products.

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Fragrant oils are the most expensive ingredients you will buy, but they are the most
important. Do not buy cheap oils or extracts. You will be disappointed.

Lavender essential oil: Used in antiseptic and anti-inflammatory, help in evenskin tone.

Ingreidents properties
In which soap preparation mainly content neem, tulshi, alovera and glycerine soap base. This
content gives it common property or many positive effect on the skin neem is the mostly
effective because it’s show many property like antibacterial antifungal or many skin problem.
The neem leaves used in the soap preparation.

The tulshi is also used in the soap [Link] give many property like deep clean the skin,
treat acne, lightens skin tone. tulshi also used several acute respiratory syndrome. tulshi also
used in diabetic patients the reducing blood glucose levels. The juice of tulshi leave gives
relief in cold fever bronchitis and cough. Tulshi gives more property it reduces stress,
enhance stamina relief information also used as main compound in this herbal soap.

Alovera is used for the prevent sing of aging, Reduce acne, help lighten plamishes, reduce
stretch mark, sunburn and moisturiser. alovera is also give smooth and supply skin. The rose
water is used in soap preparation for moisturised skin. This soap is mainly give more property
antibacterial, antifungal, lightnes skin, acne remove and smooth or moisture skin.

Review of litereture
1. (Munde Govind Anant et al., 2021): The reported is formulation and evaluation of
herbal soap by using natural ingredients by simple matched, The herbal soap was
formulated by using leaf of neem, Aloe Vera, and tulshi ayurvedic cosmetics is very
helpful and does not give it side effects. Ayurvedic cosmetics are also known as herbal
cosmetics. All herbalingredients are easily available market of surrounding areas.

2. (Nur Amira Abd Rashid, Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim and Aisyah Mohamed Rehan
et al., 2022): The reported of evaluation of butterfly pea flowers for antioxidant activity
and its potential as antioxidant soap, Clitoria ternatea, often known as butterfly pea, is a
flowering vine plant in the Fabaceae family with oval and acute leaves. Due to free
radicals, many severe diseases were occurred such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular
and neurological illnesses. Aside from that, if the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism
is depleted, free radicals can easily spread. Increasing the antioxidant defense layer in the

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human body system will eventually aid in lowering free radicals from harming cellular
components.

3. (Varsha M Chaudhari et al., 2016): The reported of studies on antimicrobial activity of

antiseptic soaps and herbal soaps against selected human pathogens, In the present study
antimicrobial activity of various antiseptic and herbal market soaps were determined
against bacterial isolates present on the skin surface like Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillussubtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion
method. Various microbes are deposited on the surface of skin from the dust present in
external environment which causes infection. Antimicrobial activities of various soaps on
such micro flora pathogens were studied.

4. (Natalia Prieto Vidal, Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun, Thu Huong Pham, Abira Mumtaz,
Charles Manful, Grace Callahan, Peter Stewart, Dwayne Keough and Raymond
Horatio Thomas et al., 2018): The reported of effects of cold saponification on the
unsaponified fatty acid composition and sensory perception of commercial natural herbal
soaps, Saponification is the process in which triglycerides are combined with a strong
base to form fatty acid metal salts during the soap-making process. The distribution of
unsaturated and saturated fatty acid determines the hardness, aroma, cleansing, lather, and
moisturizing abilities of soaps. Plant extracts, such as rosemary, vegetable, and essential
oils are frequently added to soaps to enhance quality and sensory appeal. Three natural
soaps were formulated using cold saponification to produce a base or control bar (BB),
hibiscus rosehip bar (H), and a forest grove bar (FG). Rosemary extract (R) or essential
oil (A) blends were added as additives to each formulation prior to curing to evaluate the
effects of natural plant additives on the lipid composition and sensory characteristics of
these natural herbalsoaps.

5. (Anjum Attaullah, Aruna Govindarajulu, Mohana Priya K, Mubeena K.F, Summera

Rafiq and Shaik Jasmine Shahina et al., 2021): The reported of formulation of herbal
soap against acne causing bacteria, The use of herbs on skin disorders has been done for
thousands of years. Herbal remedies, including those for many kind of disorder especially
skin disorders, are currently gaining popularity among patients. In Asia, especially in
south East Asian countries, herbal treatments that have been used from ages are now
being studied scientifically. In India, records of Ayurvedic medicine, a method of
medicine with natural roots date back toabout 3000 BC.

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6. (Samia Lima, Gaspar Diaz, and Marisa Alves Nogueira Diaz et al., 2013): The
reported of Antibacterial Chemical Constituent and Antiseptic Herbal Soap from Salvinia
auriculata Aubl, In recent decades, research on plants with antimicrobial properties has
intensified, due mainly to the fact that these plants are considered sources of
pharmacologically active compounds that can become new antibiotics after their pure
constituents or active extracts have been evaluated. Plants that live in nutrient-rich
environments, as well as plants living in environments containing exceptionally high
bacterial cell density (i.e., aquatic plants), will be overwhelmed by microbial biofilms if
they lack any means of biofilm control.

7. (Marielli Terassi, Leidyani Karina Rissardo, Sereno Peixoto, Maria Aparecida Salci
et al., 2012): The reported of prevalence of drug use in institutionalized elderly people: a
descriptive study, The process of demographic transition is a reality that has been
changing the profile of the population and morbimortality, resulting, among other things,
in the aging of the population. The information made available by the last national sense by
the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (BIGS) highlights theextension of the top
of the age pyramid, which rose from 4.8% in 1991 and 5.9% in 2000 to 7.4% of elderly
population in general in 2010. Although the National Policy for the Elderly and the
Elderly Statute preconize the maintenance of the elderly among their families, one of the
results of this demographic transition is the increased demand by the elderly for long-stay
institutions (ILPIs), growing alternative related to factors such as: terminal stages of
disease, high dependency of the elderly, higher emergence of chronic diseases.

8. (Sri Dwiyanti, Siti Sulandjari, Titik Winanti, IGP. Asto, Lilik Anifah et al., 2021):
The reported of cypirus rotundus l: formulation and evaluation antiseptic soap, soap is a
product that is one of the people's needs, used asa body cleansing agent, which is available
in many forms and perfume that can be selected according to your needs. Natural soap
products are rarely used in the market. Today’s soap products use a lot of artificial
ingredientsas their active ingredients, which have side effects on human skin because they
have the potential to irritate users with sensitive skin. This study aims to describe the
antiseptic soap formula and evaluate the antiseptic soap from c. rotundus.

9. (Dwi Atmanto et al., 2019): The reported of Influence of the Addition of the Essential
Oil of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) in Soap Against Skin Care, Cinnamon
contains the compound eugenol 3.11% and cinnamaldehyde (90.24%) and coumarin

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(53.46%), which can reduce acne blemishes on an oily face and have a thinning effect on
stain and acne busting speed. In addition, cinnamon also contains vitamin C that plays and
protects the skin from UV rays from bad influences that cause premature aging and
prevent the formation of melanin. Cinnamon can be processed into oil through
distillation. The Cinnamon essential oil can be mixed in cosmetic products such as herbal
soap and utilized for skin care. For this research, the herbal soap was developed with a
mixture of cinnamon oil. The process began from the preparation of materials by
processing Cinnamon Bark essential oil into cinnamon and mixing with essential oils in
the formula herbal soap to become a soap product.

10. (V S Kavinkumar and [Link], et al., 2007): The reported of Preparation of soap
using a steam extraction process from leaves of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum basilicum,
Hibiscus rosasinensis Flowers,Acalypha indica, and Aloe barbadensis Leaflets, Soaps are
used widely by humans in many aspects. Exclusively, the emergence of the SARS-Cov-2
virus made people wash their hands frequently to disinfect the virus to prevent virus
infection. Soaps made of herbals possess constituents that goodness the skin as well to
rejuvenate the mind and body factors. Dried leaves of Basil, Neem and Acalypha Indica,
Aloe vera, and Hibiscus flower are used here to prepare homemade soap. The steam
distillation process is an imperative process by which the oils are used from raw
materials likedried leaves for the preparation of soaps.

Aim
The aim of the present investigation is “formulation and evaluation of herbal soap by using
natural ingredients.

Objective
The objective of the proposed word is
1. The preparation herbal soap by using double boiling method
2. The formulation are developed and evaluated for parameters such as,
 Appearance
 Odour
 Visual inspection
 PH
 Foaming ability and foam stability.
 Thermal stability.

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 Accelerated stability studies.

METHOD AND MATERIALS

Chemical-
• Glycerine soap base, Lavendar essential oil,
• Rose water.

Collection and Extraction

 The leaves of the neem is collected from the fresh plant and is wash properly anddried.
 Tulshi leave also used same method.
 Extraction of the neem leaf mix in mixture and extract it juce same method used in tulshi
leaf. The alovera gel extract proper. This extraction is best for the soap results.

Content of the soap

Neem

Botanical name- Azadiracta indica.

Part typically used- [Link]- Green.
Constituents- flavonoids, Alkaloids, Azadirone, nimbin, nimbidin, terpenoid, steroids, tannic
acid and saponins.

Tulshi

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Biological name- Ocimum tenuiflorum.

Common name- holy basil.
Chemical constituents- eugenol germacrceterpens, flavonoids and terpenoid. Part typically
used- leaves.
Colour- Green.

Alovera

Biological name- Aloe Vera.

Common name- Aloe barbadensis Miller.
Chemical constituents- vitamin, enzyme, minerals, sugars, lignin, saponin, salicylic acid and
amino acid. Part typically used- leaves Color- Green.

Turmeric

Biological name: Curcuma longa

Common name: haldi
Chemical constituents: protein, fat, Mineral and Carbohydrates.
Part typically used: root

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Vitamin E

 Rejuvenates and restores dehydrated skin

 Moisturizes the skin
 Reverses premature skin aging
 Lightens dark spots
 Acts as a cleansing agent
 Prevent wrinkles

Lavendar essential oil (Flavouring agent)

 Antioxidant protection
 Used as a diabetes natural treatment
 Promotes healthy skin and hair
 Improve sleep
 Relieves pain

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Formulation of herbal soap

Chemical Source
Lavendar essential oil Laboratory reagent
Rose water Laboratory reagent
Glycerine soap base Laboratory reagent

Herbal plant Source

Neem Leave
Tulshi Leave
Turmeric Root
Vitamin E capsule

Ingredients Quantity
Neem 5g
Tulshi 2g
Aloevera 3g
Turmeric powder 0.5g
Vitamin E 1.5g
Glycerine soap base 22g
Rose water 5ml
Lavendar essential oil 1ml

METHODOLOGY
Give 5g of neem powder in a beaker then this beaker may be add 2g Of tulshi, 3g Of
aloevera, 1.5g of vitamin E, rose water 5ml., and turmeric 0.5g then all aremix 2 to 3 min. The
double heat method give for the melting glycerine soap base, so give span on induction and
add some water then small content take in water and add 22g Of glycerine soap base in the
container and it melt. After melt base add mix all ingredient in the melt soap and mix it them
finally heat Stop and add lavender essential oil in the preparation solution will be give in
small, small container for the shape of the soap. Final soap is ready and it packing in the paper.

Activity of ingredients
• Neem – Antibacterial properties treat acne.
• Aloevera – Moisturizer or sunburn.
• Turmeric – Antimicrobial agents
• Tulshi – Antimicrobial agents.
• Rose water – Cooling agent emollient.

USE of soap
Treat acne antibacterial properties of neem fight acne causing bacteria which help in the
treatment and prevention of acne. Tackles blacheads and whiteheads. Aloevera shows

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moisturizer it is moisture the skin without giving it a greasy feel. So it is perfect for anyone
with an oily skin. It also fight sunburn oracne. This soap is mainly used all skin problem.

Herbal Soap
Preliminary phytochemical screening
Preliminary analysis of extracts was carried out to identify the presence of various
phytoconstituents by employing standard protocols .The results were summarized in Table
after conducting the following chemical tests.

Tests for alkaloids

a. Dragendorff’s test: By adding 1 ml of Dragendorff”s reagent to 2 ml ofextract, an orange
red precipitate was formed, indicating the presenceof alkaloids.
b. Mayer’s test: Few drops of Mayer’s reagent were added to 1 ml of extract. A yellowish
or white precipitate was formed, indicating the presence of alkaloids.
c. Hager’s test: 2 ml of extract were treated with few drops of Hager’s reagent. A yellow
precipitate was formed, indicating the presence of alkaloids.
d. Murexide test: To 3-4ml of extract solution and add 3-4 drops of concentrated nitric acid
and evaporate to dryness, cool & add 2 drops of ammonia hydroxide, the resulting is
purple colour is produced, that indicating the presence of alkaloids

Tests for flavonoids

a. Alkaline reagent test (flavonones): Two to three drops of sodium hydroxide were added
to 2 ml of extract. Initially, a deep yellow colour appeared but it gradually became
colourless by adding few drops ofdilute HCL, indicating that flavonoids were present.
b. Shinod’s test (flavones): Ten drops of dilute HCL and a piece of magnesium were added

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to 1 ml of extract, the resulting deep pink colour indicating the presence of flavonoids.

Test for carbohydrates

a. Molish test: Few drops of alcoholic a-naphthol solution were added to 2 ml of extract.
Later, few drops of concentrated H2SO4 were added along the walls of test tube. At the
junction of two liquids, a violet colour ring appeared, indicating that carbohydrates were
present.
b. Benedict’s test: To 5 ml of Benedict’s reagent, 8-10 drops extract were added, then heated
for five minutes; the resulting dark red precipitateindicated the presence of carbohydrates.
c. Reducing sugars (Fehling’s test): To 2 ml of extract, an equal volume of Fehling’s (A &
B) solution was added and heated for five minutes, the resulting red/dark red precipitate
indicating the presence of carbohydrates.

Test for protein

a. Biuret test: To 3ml of extract, and add the 4% of sodium hydroxide and add to few drops
of 1% of copper sulphate solution, the resulting are violet or pink colour appearance that
indicating the presence of protein.
b. Millon’s test: Mixed 3ml of extract solution with add the 1ml of concentrated sulphuric
acid, the resulting are white precipitate and warm precipitate turns brick red or precipitate
dissolves giving red colour solution are produced that indicating the presence of protein.
c. Xanthoprotein test: Mixed 5ml of extract solution with add the 2ml of 40% of sodium
hydroxide solution and 2 drops of 10% of lead acetate solution are boil, The resulting are
brownish due to lead formation is produced that indicating the presence of protein.

Test for volatile oil

a. Stain test: Stain the filter paper with extract solution, the resulting filter paper is not
permanently stained is produced that indicating thepresence of volatile oil.

Test for steroid

a. Salkouski reaction: To 2ml of extract, with add 2ml of chloroform and add 2ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid shake well, the resulting chloroform layers appears red and
acid layers shows greenish yellow fluorescence are produced that indication the presence
of steroid.
b. Libermann-Burchard reaction: Mix 3ml extract with 3ml acetic anhydride heat and
cool add few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid from the side of test tube, the resulting

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first red, blue and finally green colour are produced that indicating the presence of
steroids.
c. Libermann’s reaction: mix 3ml of extract with 3ml of acetic unhydride heat and cool
and add few drop of concentrated sulphuric acid, the resulting blue colour are produced
that indicating the presence of steroids.

Test for glycosides

a. Baljt’s test: In section of drug add sodium picrate, the resulting is section shows yellow
to orange colour are produced that indicating thepresence of glycosides.
b. Legal’s test: To aqueous or alcoholic extract add 1ml pyridine and 1ml of sodium nitro
peuoside, the resulting is pink or red colour are produced, that indicating the presence of
glucosides.
c. Keller-kiliani test: To 2ml extract with add glacial acetic acid and one drop 5% of ferric
chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid, the resulting is reddish brown colour
is produced at junction of the two liquid layers and upper layer appears bluish green are
produced, that indicating the presence of glycosides,

Test for vitamins

a. Dissolve a quantity eqyivalent to 10-15 units in 1ml of chloroform and add 5ml of
antimony trichloride solution, the resulting is a transient blue colour is produced
immediately, that indicating the presence of vitamins.
b. Dilute 1ml of 2% of W/V solution with 5ml of water and add 1 drop freshly prepared 5%
of W/V solution of sodium nitro prusside and 2ml of dilute sodium hydroxide solution and
add 0.6ml of hydro chloric acid drop wise and stir, the resulting the yellow colour turns
blue colour produced, that indicating the presence of vitamins.
c. Dissolve a quantity equivalent to about 1000units of vitamin activity inchloroform and add
10ml of antimony trichloride solution, the resulting a pinkish red colour appears at once,
that indicating the presence of vitamins.

Physico-chemical analysis of herbal soap

Physico-chemical analysis involves a ash value such as total ash (%), loss on drying,
Determination of pH, Foaming ability and Total fatty matter.

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Determination ash value

Total Ash value
2 gm of powder was weighed accurately in a previously ignited and tarred silica crucible. The

material was then ignited by gradually increasing the heat to 500-600oC until it appear white
indicating absence of carbon. It is then cooled in a desicator and total ash in mg per gram of air
dried materialis calculated.

Determination of loss on drying

Loss on drying was determined by weighing about 2gm of the powder material in previously

weighed dried petridish (tarred evaporating dish) and dried in an oven at 105110oC, till two
consecutive weights, which do not differ by more than 5mg. The weight after drying was
noted and loss on drying was calculated.

The percentage was expressed as %w/w with reference air dried sample.

Determination of pH
5 to 6 g of the soap was weighted accurately in a 100ml beaker 40ml water was added and
dispersed the soap in it. The pH of the solution is determined by using pH meter. PH of soap
is 8.5.

Foaming Ability and Foam stability

Foaming ability was determined by using cylinder shake method brietel 40ml of the
formulation soap solution was placed graduate cylinder. It was covered with ane hand and
shaken 10 times the total volume of the foam content after 1 min of shaking recovered foam
stability was evaluated by recording the foam volume after 1 min and 4 min is 80 to 93/ foam
formed

Total fatty matter

Grating & Soap and add 100ml + water, add 30 ml 71:1 (H2so4) and digest for 30 min and
transfer to Separating funnel add 5m) of acetone ethanol, then and 4 ml of ethanol, well. Add
Dilly ether for separation finally shake Collect 14 extract using filter paper Boil It sample in
water bath. After oil Separates, place the Sample Hot an oven. Note Final weight of oil
Extracted from soap.

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION

By using the powder of herbal soap, the preliminary phytochemical study was done .It shows
the presence or the absence of the chemical constituent. The detailed results are shown in
table 1.

Presence/ Absence in Aqueous

Test
Extract of Herbal Soap
Alkaloids +
Flavonoids +
Carbohydrates +
Protein +
Volatile oil +
Steroid +
Glycosides +
Vitamin +
Presence (+)Absence (-)

Physico-Chemical evaluation of Aqueous Extraction of Herbal Soap:

After the successful physicochemical analysis study was done and it shows the ash value, loss
on dry, pH determination, Total fatty matter and ThermalStability.

S. No. Parameters Results (%w/w)

1 Ash value 0.18%
2 Loss on Dry 1.7%
3 Total fatty matter 73.21%
4 Thermal stability 60-70/RH

Stability test
After the successful stability test was done and it shows the colour, odour, pH determination,
smoothness.

S. No Parameters Temperature
1 Colour Dark Green colour
2 Odour Sweet Smell
3 PH determination. 8.5
4 Smoothness Smooth

CONCLUSION
The plant of neem, tulshi turmeric and aloevera constituents extraction was studied. The
prepared formulation when tested for different test gave good result. It does not give any
irritancy to skin it was determined by using these soap by few volunteer hence it is proved that
soap does not give any irritancy to skin . Furthermore the prepared soap were standardized by

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evaluating various physico chemical properties such as pH appearance odour in which the
exhibit satisfactoryeffect.

Herbal therapy does have the ability to heal a wide number of skin ailments. Around 80% of
population in India depends on traditional health medicine and use different plant-based
products for curing problems associated with skin. Compared with the conventional
allopathic drugs, ayurvedic medicines have relatively low cost and can be of great benefit to
the Indian people especially the poor people. Herbal medicines are a rich source of active
ingredients and can be safer and cost-effective skin infection treatment ranging from rashes to
dreadful skin cancer.

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