Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Northern Samar
Catubig II District
SAN VICENTE NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL

LESSON PLAN
IN
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

I. OBJECTIVE

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. choose appropriate quantitative research design (CS_RS12-IIa-c-1);
2. describe sampling procedure and the sample (CS_RS12-IIa-c-1);
3. construct an instrument and establishes its validity and reliability (CS_RS12-IIa-c3);
4. describe intervention (if applicable) (CS_RS12-IIa-c-4);
5. plan data collection procedure (CS_RS12-IIa-c-5)
6. plan data analysis using statistics and hypothesis testing (if appropriate) (CS_RS12-IIa-c-6);
and
7. present written research methodology (CS_RS12-IIa-c-7)

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic.
Quantitative research design

References.
Baraceros, Esther L. Practical Research 2. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc., 2016.
Barrot, Jessie S. Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E
Publishing, Inc., 2017.
Center for Quality Research. 2015. "Overview of Quantitative Research Methods." YouTube.
Accessed June 3, 2020. [Link]
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches. 3rd ed., SAGE Publications, Inc. 2009. [Link]
Cristobal, A. and De La Cruz-Cristobal, M. Practical Research 1. Quezon City, Philippines: C &
E Publishing, Inc., 2017.
Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education.
Asia: Mc-Graw Hill Companies, Inc., 2006.
Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. 2020. How to Design and Evaluate Research in
Education. 6 th ed., McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Accessed June 3, 2020.
[Link]
I Hope. 2020. "Kinds of Quantitative Research Designs." YouTube. Accessed June 3, 2020.
[Link]
Keyton, Joann. 2020 "Chapter 7: Multiple Choice Quiz." McGraw-Hill Global Education
Holdings, LLC. Accessed June 3, 2020. [Link]
Time Allotment; 1 hour
Materials; Laptop and Tv

II. PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

1. Prayer
2. Checking of attendance
[Link]

Motivation;

Quantitative research is more systematic

and controlled than qualitative. However,
both research methods have a statement of
the problem to investigate.

Research design is defined as the logical

and coherent overall strategy that the
researcher uses to integrate all the
components of the research study (Barrot,
2017, p 102). In order to find meaning in
the overall process of doing your research
study, a step-by-step process will be helpful
to you.

Types of Quantitative Research Design

Descriptive Research When little is known

about the research problem, then it is
appropriate to use descriptive research
design. It is a design that is exploratory in
nature. The purpose of descriptive research
is basically to answer questions such as
who, what, where, when, and how much.
So this design is best used when the main
objective of the study is just to observe and
report a certain phenomenon as it is
happening.

Correlational Research The main goal of this

design is to determine if variable increases
or decreases as another variable increases
or decreases. This design seeks to establish
an association between variables. It does
not seek cause and effect relationship like
descriptive research; it measures variables
as it occurs. It has two major purposes: (a)
to clarify the relationship between variables
and (b) predict the magnitude of the
association. However, the extent of the
purpose of correlational research depends
on the scope and delimitation of the study

Ex Post Facto If the objective of the study is

to measure a cause from a pre-existing
effects, then Ex Post Facto research design
is more appropriate to use. In this design,
the researcher has no control over the
variables in the research study. Thus, one
cannot conclude that the changes
measured happen during the actual
conduct of the study.

The last two types of quantitative research

designs are identifiable for the existence of
treatment or intervention applied to the
current research study. Intervention or
treatment pertains to controlling or
manipulating the independent variable in
an experiment. It is assumed that the
changes in dependent variables were
caused by the independent variable.

here are also two groups of subjects,

participants, or respondents in quasi-
experimental and experimental research.
The treatment group refers to the group
subjected to treatment or intervention. The
group not subject to treatment or
intervention is called the control group

Quasi-Experimental. The term means partly,

partially, or almost – pronounced as kwahz-
eye. This research design aims to measure
the causal relationship between variables.
The effect measured is considered to have
occurred during the conduct of the current
study. The partiality of quasi-experimental
design comes from assigning subjects,
participants, or respondents into their
groups. The groups are known to be already
established before the study, such as age
educational background and nationality.
Since the assignment of subjects,
participants, or respondents are not
randomly assigned into an experimental or
control groups, the conclusion of results is
limited.

Experimental Research. This research

design is based on the scientific method
called experiment with a procedure of
gathering data under a controlled or
manipulated environment. It is also known
as true experimental design since it applies
treatment and manipulation more
extensively compared to quasi-
experimental design. Random assignment
of subjects or participants into treatment
and control group is done increasing the
validity of the study. Experimental research,
therefore, attempts to affect a certain
variable by directly manipulating the
independent variable

Generalization;
Understanding quantitative research design
involves recognizing the characteristics and
applications of various design. Student must
learn to evaluate research questions
critically and select suitable designs based
on specific context and objectives. This
foundational knowledge will empower
them to conduct effective research in future
academic and professional endeavors.

Application;

Directions: Using the template below,

summarize the five quantitative research
designs according to its goal, and its
corresponding variable manipulation.

Research Design Goal How variable is handled or

manipulated
1. Descriptive Used when Basically to answer
the main questions such as who,
objective of what, where, when, and
the study is how much
just to
observe and
report a
certain
phenomenon
as it is
happening

2. Correlational To determine It does not seek cause and

if variable effect relationship like
increases or descriptive research; it
decreases as measures variables as it
another occurs. It has two major
 variable purposes: (a) to clarify the
increases or relationship between
decreases. variables and (b) predict the
magnitude of the
association

3. Ex post facto If the Researcher has no control

objective of over the variables in the
the study is research study. Thus, one
to measure a cannot conclude that the
cause from a changes measured happen
pre-existing during the actual conduct of
effect, then the study.
Ex Post Facto
research
design is
more
appropriate
to use

4. Quasi-experimental This research The effect measured is

design aims considered to have occurred
to measure during the conduct of the
the causal current study. The partiality
relationship of quasi-experimental
between design comes from assigning
variables. subjects, participants, or
respondents into their
groups

5. Experimental Gathering It applies treatment and

data under a manipulation more
controlled or extensively compared to
manipulated quasi-experimental design.
environment. Random assignment of
subjects or participants into
treatment and control group
is done increasing the
validity of the study.
Therefore, attempts to
affect a certain variable by
directly manipulating the
independent variable.

IV. EVALUATION
Get a ¼ sheet of paper choose the letter
of the correct answer.

1. What research design aims to determine a 1. d

cause from already existing effects?

a. Descriptive Research Design

b. Correlational Research Design
c. Quasi-Experimental Research
d. Ex Post Facto

2. What research design is often conducted in 2. d

a controlled setting with corresponding
research treatment?

a. Correlational c. Survey Research

b. Ex post facto d. Experimental
3. What is the suited research design for this 3. b
research title, “The Effects of Twitter on the
Communication Etiquette of Students”?

a. Correlational c. Experimental
b. Ex post facto d. Descriptive

4. Mr. Canuc would like to know further the 4. b

type of social media used between the male
and female SHS students of East Pagat
National High School. What is the appropriate
research design to be used in his study?

a. Quasi-Experimental c. Experimental
b. Correlational d. Descriptive

5. What is the difference between quasi- 5. d

experimental research and experimental
research?

a. Only one dependent variable is used in

quasi-experimental research, while multiple
dependent variables can be used in quasi-
experimental research.
b. Intact groups are used in experimental,
while quasi-experimental randomly assigned
individuals into groups.
c. The researcher controls the intervention in
the experimental group, but not quasi-
experimental research.
d. Participants for groups are randomly
selected in experimental, but not quasi-
experimental research.

 Give the five general classifications of 1. Descriptive Research

Quantitative Research Designs 2. Correlational Research
3. Ex Post Facto
4. Quasi-Experimental
5. Experimental Research
Assignment;

Study and read the Quantitative Research

Instrument, validity and reliability.