HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part VI Microscopic world II

Chemistry: Chapter 27 Structures and properties of molecular crystals

Multiple-choice questions

Section 27.1
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The diagram below shows the structure of a solid.

The solid is likely to be

A. dry ice.
B. iodine.
C. silver.
D. sodium fluoride.

##B##

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Consider the following four substances.

Substance Melting point (C) Solubility in water

W 914 Soluble
X 79 Soluble
Y 36 Insoluble
Z 3550 Insoluble

Which of the above substances is probably a molecular crystal?

A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z

##C A molecular crystal usually has a low melting point and is insoluble in water.##

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II

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Which of the following solids are crystals consisting of discrete molecules?
A. Dry ice
B. Graphite
C. Quartz
D. Silver bromide

##A Graphite and quartz are solids with giant covalent structure. Silver bromide has a
giant ionic structure. It consists of oppositely charged ions.##

Section 27.2
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How many hydrogen bonds does each H2O molecule form with its neighbouring
molecules in ice crystals?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

##C There are two lone pairs of electrons from the oxygen atom and two hydrogen
atoms in one H2O molecule, resulting in 4 hydrogen bonds formed.##

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Which of the following statements concerning H2O molecules is correct?
A. The packing of H2O molecules in ice is less dense and less regular than that
in water.
B. The packing of H2O molecules in ice is less dense and more regular than
that in water.
C. The packing of H2O molecules in ice is denser and less regular than that in
water.
D. The packing of H2O molecules in ice is denser and more regular than that in
water.

##B The H2O molecules in ice are held regularly by extensive hydrogen bonds. There
are many spaces among the molecules and hence the density of ice is lower than that
of water.##

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II

The structure of ice is best described as

A. a solid network of covalently bonded atoms.
B. a lattice of positive ions and negative ions.
C. an open structure with extensive hydrogen bonding.
D. a lattice of molecules in which protons are easily transferred.

##C Ice is a solid with open structure, in which all the molecules are held together by
hydrogen bonds.##

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Which of the following statements about the melting of ice is correct?
A. Heat is released.
B. The spacing between water molecules increases.
C. Some of the hydrogen bonds are broken.
D. The freedom of water molecules decreases.

##C When ice melts, the open structure of ice collapses and the water molecules pack
more closely together. The molecules move more freely in liquid than in solid. Hence,
the freedom of water molecules increases.##

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Which of the following combinations is/are correct?
Ice Water
(1) Lower density Higher density
(2) Molecules pack more closely Molecules pack less closely
(3) Hydrogen bonds present Hydrogen bonds absent
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##A The water molecules in water pack more closely. Hydrogen bonds are present in
both ice and water.##

|!|CMEMF0062700009|!|
Which of the following types of interactions are responsible for the regular
arrangement of water molecules during the formation of ice?

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II

A. Covalent bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
C. Ionic bonds
D. Van der Waals’ forces

##B Extensive hydrogen bonds are responsible for holding water molecules into a
regular network structure during the formation of ice.##

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Ice floats on water. Which of the following statements best explains this
phenomenon?
A. A water molecule is V-shaped.
B. When water freezes to ice, heat is given out.
C. A water molecule can form four hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
D. Water molecules are arranged in a more open structure in ice than in water.

##D##

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Which of the following statements concerning ice is/are correct?
(1) Since ice is a solid, its molecules are more closely packed than liquid water.
(2) Adding common salts on ice can lower the melting point of ice.
(3) The shape of water molecules in ice is tetrahedral.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B The molecules in liquid water are more closely packed than those in ice. The
addition of common salts on ice interrupt the hydrogen bonds among water molecules
and hence make the regular open network structure of ice easier to collapse. A water
molecule is always V-shaped.##

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Which of the following statements about ice is INCORRECT?
A. The oxygen atoms in ice are arranged in a hexagonal shape.
B. The water molecules are arranged tetrahedrally.
C. Hydrogen bonds are present in water but not in ice.

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Part VI Microscopic world II

D. It has a lower density than water.


##C Hydrogen bonds are present in both water and ice.##

Section 27.3
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Which of the following substances are molecular crystals?
(1) Ice
(2) Sucrose
(3) Buckminsterfullerene
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D##

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Which of the following substances consist(s) of simple molecules?
(1) C60
(2) Perspex
(3) Dry ice
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##C##

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Which of the following statements about C60 is correct?
A. The molar mass of C60 is 12.0 g mol1.
B. Pure C60 is a good electrical conductor.
C. The melting point of C60 is very close to that of graphite.
D. The complete combustion of C60 gives carbon dioxide.

##D The molar mass of C60 is 720 g mol1. Pure C60 consists of molecules. It cannot
conduct electricity. The melting point of C60 is much lower than that of graphite. To

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II

melt C60, weak van der Waals’ forces between the molecules have to be overcome. To
melt graphite, the strong covalent bonds between the carbon atoms have to be
broken.##

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Which of the following properties of C60 is correct?
A. The melting point of C60 is similar to that of graphite.
B. It is insoluble in all solvents.
C. It is an insulator of electricity.
D. It is weaker and softer than most other molecular crystals.

##C C60 molecules are held together by van der Waals’ forces while the atoms in
graphite are held together by strong covalent bonds. Hence, C60 has a much lower
melting point than graphite. C60 dissolves in some non-polar solvents such as benzene.
C60 is closely packed and so it is relatively strong and hard.##

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Which of the following substances is soluble in non-polar solvents?
A. Graphite
B. Ice
C. Diamond
D. C60

##D Water molecules are polar and so ice is insoluble in non-polar solvents. Graphite
and diamond have a giant covalent structure. It is difficult to separate the atoms.##

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Which of the following substances CANNOT conduct electricity?
A. C60
B. Graphite
C. Sea water
D. Zinc

##A The movement of the delocalized electrons in C60 is hindered due to the
spherical structure of the molecule. Hence, C60 does not conduct electricity.##

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Which of the following statements concerning buckminsterfullerene is/are correct?

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II

(1) After dissolving in benzene, the solution can conduct electricity.

(2) It has a much higher melting point than water.
(3) Single carbon-carbon bonds are present in its molecules.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##D The movement of the delocalized electrons in C60 is hindered due to the
spherical structure of the molecule. Hence, C60 does not conduct electricity. C60 has a
much higher melting point than water as its molecular size is much larger than water.
C60 consists of both single and double carbon-carbon bonds.##

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Which of the following types of attractive forces can be found in diamond?
(1) Hydrogen bonds
(2) Covalent bonds
(3) Van der Waals’ forces
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B Diamond has a giant covalent structure. The carbon atoms are held together by
strong covalent bonds.##

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C60 and diamond have the same
(1) appearance.
(2) constituent element.
(3) type of electrostatic attractions between particles.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B C60 is a black powder while diamond is a shiny colourless solid. The types of
electrostatic attractions between C60 and diamond are van der Waals’ forces and

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II

covalent bonds respectively.##

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Which of the following statements about water and C60 are INCORRECT?
(1) They have different physical states at room conditions.
(2) They both consist of polar molecules.
(3) They both conduct electricity.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C At room conditions, water is a liquid while C60 is a solid. Water is a polar
molecule while C60 is a non-polar molecule. Both water and C60 cannot conduct
electricity.##

|!|CMEMF0062700023|!|
Which of the following statements about C60 and ice is/are correct?
(1) They are both compounds.
(2) They both have a simple molecular structure.
(3) They have a similar melting point.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B C60 is an element while ice (consisting of water molecules) is a compound. C60
molecules are much larger than water molecules and so the melting point of C60 is
higher.##

|!|CMEMF0062700024|!|
Which of the following correctly illustrate the properties of C60, graphite and
diamond?
(1) Graphite does not dissolve in any solvents while C60 dissolves in some non-polar
solvents.
(2) Among the three substances, only graphite can conduct electricity.
(3) Both diamond and C60 consist of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal shape.
A. (1) and (2) only

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
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B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A The carbon atoms in diamond are arranged tetrahedrally.##

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Which of the following correctly explains why C60 is harder than iodine solid?
A. C60 has a higher molecular mass than iodine.
B. C60 molecules are more closely packed.
C. C60 has an open structure to withstand pressure.
D. Atoms of C60 are held by covalent bonds while iodine molecules are held by
van der Waals’ forces.

##B##

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Diamond, graphite and C60 are composed of carbon atoms. Which of the following
statements is/are correct?
(1) They have the same physical properties.
(2) The arrangements of carbon atoms in these substances are different.
(3) They are all black solids.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B They have different physical properties as the arrangements of carbon atoms are
different. Diamond is not a black solid.##

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Which of the following combinations is/are correct?
C60 Graphite
(1) Lower melting point Higher melting point
(2) Soluble in water Insoluble in water
(3) Electrical insulator Electrical conductor
A. (1) only

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II

B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##C Both C60 and graphite are insoluble in water.##

|!|CMEMF0062700028|!|
Which of the following molecules consist of carbon-carbon double bonds?
(1) C60
(2) Ethene
(3) Graphite
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A In graphite, each carbon atom forms single covalent bonds with three other
carbon atoms.##

|!|CMEMH0062700029|!|
Which of the following methods can be used to distinguish between copper(II) oxide
and C60?
(1) Comparing their melting points
(2) Comparing their electrical conductivities in molten state
(3) Observing their appearances
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A Copper(II) oxide has a giant ionic structure while C60 has a simple molecular
structure. Hence, copper(II) oxide has a much higher melting point. Copper(II) oxide
can conduct electricity in molten state but C60 cannot. Both copper(II) oxide and C60
are black powders.##

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