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Final Exam
GEOG
Paper 2
SHUN LEE CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL
SECONDARY 6 FINAL EXAMINATION 2021-22

GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2

Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes

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This paper must be answered in English.

OR
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1 This paper consists of TWO sections:

Section D － consists of 1 data / skill-based structured questions. Answer this question in
1.
this section.
Section E － consists of 1 short essay questions. Answer this question in this section.
2 Answer a total of TWO questions.
3 Write your answers in the Answer Book. Start each question (not part of a question) on a
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new page.
4 Draw sketch maps and diagrams to supply additional, relevant information when
appropriate.
5 Name, class and class number should be written in the boxes provided on the front cover of
the Answer Book and all the Supplementary Answer Sheet after the start of the
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examination. All information should be included; otherwise, mark(s) will be deducted.

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Section D: Answer the question in this section. This question carries 18 marks. (15%)

1. Elective: Weather and Climate

Figure 1a shows the rainfall pattern of the world and the location of cities X and Y. Figure 1b shows
the weather of Hong Kong and its surrounding area on Day 1 when the pressure system A is formed
in summer. Table 1c shows some weather data of Hong Kong on Days 1 to 3 in Figure 1b. Figure 1d
shows the seasonal distribution of rainfall in Hong Kong.

Figure 1a

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OR
1.
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Key: Planetary wind

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(a) Refer to Figure 1a.

(i) Describe the rainfall pattern of the world. (3 marks)

(ii) Explain the rainfall pattern of cities X and Y. (5 marks)

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Figure 1b

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OR Table 1c
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
1.
Daily mean temperature (˚C) 31.3 29.4 26.7
Wind speed (m/s) 2.5 5 12.5
Daily rainfall (mm) 0 34.1 43.7
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Figure 1d
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(b) Refer to Figure 1b and Table 1c. In relation to the pressure system A,

(i) account for the pressure of Hong Kong on day 1. (2 marks)

(ii) explain the changes in the daily mean temperature and wind speed of Hong Kong from
Day 2 to Day 3. (4 marks)

(c) Refer to Figure 1b, Table 1c and Figure 1d.

Discuss whether pressure system A is important in shaping the seasonal distribution of rainfall
in Hong Kong. (4 marks)

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Section E: Answer the question in this section. The question carries 12 marks. (10%)

2. Elective: Weather and Climate

Compare the climatic characteristics between north and south China. Discuss the importance of
pressure system in causing the drought problem in north China. (12 marks)

END OF PAPER

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OR
1.
ND
BA

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Shun Lee Catholic Secondary School

Final Examination 2021-22
Marking Scheme
Subject: HKDSE Geography (Paper 2)
Level: Secondary 6

Section D
Question 1
(a) (i)  Overall pattern of seasonal distribution of rainfall:
- the overall pattern is uneven 1
 Rain all year:

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- most places along 0o / some places in E coast of Asia and N. America in 20oN-40oN /
some places in E. coast of Asia / W. coast of Europe and N. America in 40oN-65oN
have rain all year round

OR
 Rain in summer:
- most places near 60oN / in N. America in 40oN-75oN / in Africa in 0o-20oN/S /
in E. coast of S. America in 10oN-30oS / in China and India have rain in summer 1
 Rain in winter:
1.
- coastal areas around Mediterranean Sea / W. coast of N. America in 30oN-40oN
have rain in winter 1
 Little rain:
- places above 60oN / in N. Africa / Middle East / NW China / inland areas of Australia /
many areas near 30oN/S have little rain 1 (3)
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Remark:
* Other relevant descriptions of the rainfall pattern of different parts of the world may also
be accepted. Students are recommended to use  latitude (e.g. 0o),  continents (e.g.
Asia),  regions (e.g. E coast, coastal areas around Mediterranean Sea) and  countries
BA

(e.g. China) to describe the world pattern.

(ii) (Rainfall pattern of cities X and Y: both X and Y have rain all year)
- (1a, location) both X and Y are in coastal location 1
- (elaboration, onshore wind) they receive onshore wind with abundant moisture that
favours condensation, cloud formation and large precipitation all year 1
- (1a, location) X is located in equatorial region / at equatorial low pressure belt 1
- (1a, planetary wind) convergence of trade winds at equatorial low pressure belt favours
rapid air rising for condensation, cloud formation and large precipitation all year 1
- (elaboration, insolation) strong insolation favours formation of convection rain all year 1
- (1a, location) Y is located near subpolar low pressure belt 1
- (1a, planetary wind) convergence of polar-easterlies and westerlies leads to uprising of
warm air along the cold front for large precipitation all year 1 (5)
(b) (i) (Account for = Describe and explain) (Average air pressure: 1014 hPa)
- (Des, 1b) pressure of HK is low as 1005 hPa 1
- (Exp, 1b) on Day 1, pressure system A, which is a tropical cyclone / typhoon, is formed
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in the western Pacific Ocean / near the Philippines 1

- (Exp, 1b) HK is affected by this intense low pressure system 1 (2)
(ii) - (Des, 1c) daily mean temperature decreases from 29.4oC on Day 2 to 26.7oC on Day 3 1
- (Exp, 1b) on Day 3, HK is located closer to the (rear) vertex of tropical cyclone 1
- (Elaboration) HK is affected by its towering clouds / thunderstorms / spiral rain bands /
denser cloud cover 1
- (Elaboration) less insolation can reach the ground surface of HK with less blanket effect
which lowers the daily mean temperature 1
- (Des, 1c) wind speed increases from 5 m/s on Day 2 to 12.5 m/s on Day 3 1
- (Elaboration) on Day 3, the more closely-spaced isobars resulted from tropical cyclone
brings steeper pressure gradient and hence higher wind speed 1 (4)

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(c) Marking criteria:
1. Award appropriate marks according to the QUALITY and DEPTH of arguments; do not
count the number of points only.

OR
2. Max. marks should be given to good quality answers with well-elaborated arguments and
demonstrating good knowledge on relevant geographical concepts with reference to
Figure 1b, Table 1c and Figure 1d provided (and own knowledge). (Max. 4)
For the importance of pressure system A (i.e. tropical cyclone) in explaining the uneven
1.
seasonal distribution of rainfall in HK through higher rainfall in summer:
Description of rainfall pattern Explanation for uneven seasonal distribution
in Figure 1b and Table 1c of rainfall in HK in Table 1c and Figure 1d
- (1b, 1c) Pressure system A in - (1d) It results in higher summer rainfall and 1/2
Figure 1b is a tropical cyclone. hence the uneven seasonal distribution of
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Table 1c shows that the tropical rainfall in HK in Figure 1d.

cyclone brings abundant rainfall to
HK in summer.
- (1b) Figure 1b shows that the track - (1c, 1d) It brings abundant moisture from the 1/2
BA

of tropical cyclone A passes sea for higher summer rainfall in Table 1c

through a large body of sea before and hence uneven seasonal distribution of
hitting HK in summer. rainfall in Figure 1d.
- OR other relevant arguments with reference to Figure 1b, Table 1c and Figure 1d 1/2
For the importance of other pressure and wind systems (i.e.  monsoon wind system,
 cold front and anticyclone and  through of low pressure) in explaining the uneven
seasonal distribution of rainfall in HK through higher rainfall in summer and lower
rainfall in winter):
Description Explanation with seasonal distribution
with own knowledge rainfall of HK in Figure 1d

- Other than pressure system A, - (1d) Onshore SE summer monsoon with 1/2
monsoon wind system is also abundant moisture brings higher rainfall to
important in explaining the uneven HK in summer and hence the uneven
seasonal distribution of rainfall in seasonal distribution of rainfall in HK in
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HK. Figure 1d.

- (1d) Offshore NW/NE winter monsoon 1/2
brings dry air that retards condensation, cloud
formation and rainfall in HK in winter and
hence the uneven seasonal distribution of
rainfall in HK in Figure 1d.
- Other than pressure system A, cold - (1d) Cold front brought by the anticyclone
front and anticyclone are (high pressure system) moves from inland
important in explaining the uneven China to HK that brings occasional frontal
seasonal distribution of rainfall in rainfall in low intensity to HK in winter.
HK. Therefore, there are lower winter rainfall and

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hence uneven seasonal distribution of rainfall
in HK in Figure 1d.
- OR other relevant arguments with reference to own knowledge 1/2

OR
1.
ND
BA

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Section E
Question 2
Compare the climatic characteristics between north and south China. Discuss the importance of
pressure system in causing the drought problem in north China. (12 marks)
Comparison 6
Discussion 6

Comparison
- The climatic characteristics of N and S China are shown in the table below:
Climatic characteristics N China S China
(e.g. Beijing, Harbin) (e.g. Guangzhou, HK)

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 Type of climate mostly temperate mostly subtropical
continental climate and monsoon climate (with hot

OR
temperate monsoon climate summer and mild winter)
(with hot summer and cold
winter)
 Annual mean temperature lower (< 10oC) higher (> 15oC)
 Annual range of temperature larger (> 30oC) smaller (10-15oC)
1.
 Winter temperature lower; may fall below 0oC higher; all above 0oC
 Annual rainfall smaller (< 600mm) larger (> 1000mm)
 Seasonal distribution of more even (evenly low) / more uneven / larger variation
rainfall smaller seasonal variation between summer and winter
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 Pressure higher pressure in lower pressure in

both summer and winter both summer and winter
 Wind / monsoon influenced mostly by NW influenced by SE onshore
offshore monsoon; influenced monsoon in summer but NW
less by SE onshore monsoon offshore monsoon in winter
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 Cloud cover less dense denser

 (Relative) Humidity lower higher
 Climatic hazards drought and sandstorms flooding
(6)
Clarification of common misconceptions:
* Even though the Q word is “compare”, which often expects answers showing both similarities
and differences. As N and S China do not have clear similarities in climatic characteristics,
students could simply show the differences in climatic characteristics in their answers.
* Students are reminded of using appropriate connectives (e.g. while) and comparative adjectives
(e.g. higher) to compare the differences. Answers failing to do so score no more than 3 out of 6
marks.
* Answers without citing relevant cities in N China (e.g. Beijing and Harbin) and S China (e.g.
Guangzhou and HK) score no more than 5 out of 6 marks.

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Some examples of appropriate comparison with data support:

* (For the type of climate,) N China is mostly under temperate continental climate and temperate
monsoon climate while S China is mostly under subtropical monsoon climate.
* The annual mean temperature of N China (< 10oC) is lower than that of S China (> 15oC).

Discussion
Maps showing the coverage of North China and the level of water stress of N China for reference:

G
OR
 General description of the drought problem in N China:
- (definition) drought refers to water deficiency of a place; it takes place when water demand is
1.
higher than water supply
- (location) N China mainly covers NE China and some inland areas in the northern part of Central
China; the pressure system is an important factor, but some other physical and human
factors are also important in causing drought in N China
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 Importance of pressure system in causing drought in N China: (~ 3 marks)

 (pressure system shapes monsoon wind system) there is pressure difference between inland China
and Pacific Ocean over summer and winter that shapes the monsoon wind system and helps
explain the drought problem in N China
BA

 (variations of pressure in inland China and Pacific Ocean in winter) in northern winter (January),
inland China has lower temperature and hence higher pressure while Pacific Ocean has higher
temperature and hence lower pressure
- (NW winter monsoon) the pressure gradient force drives the wind to blow from the
higher-pressure inland China to the lower-pressure Pacific Ocean that crosses N China; this NW
offshore monsoon is cold and dry that brings little moisture to induce condensation, cloud
formation and rainfall that causes low water supply and drought in N China
 (variations of pressure in inland China and Pacific Ocean in summer) on the other hand, in
northern summer (July), inland China has higher temperature and hence lower pressure while
Pacific Ocean has higher temperature and hence lower pressure
- (SE summer monsoon) in northern summer (July), the pressure gradient force drives the wind to
blow from the higher-pressure Pacific Ocean to the lower-pressure inland China that crosses N
China; but this wet SE onshore monsoon blowing long distance from the Pacific Ocean loses lots
of moisture before reaching N China, so there is little moisture to form cloud and rainfall that
causes low water supply and drought in N China
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 (subtropical high pressure belt) some parts of N China are close to the subtropical high pressure belt; the sinking air
suppresses condensation, cloud formation and rainfall that causes low water supply and drought in N China

 Importance of other (physical and human) factors in causing drought in N China: (~ 3 marks)
 (physical factor: high evaporation in summer) in northern summer, inland areas of N China are
heated up rapidly under strong continental influence; the high temperature and evaporation lead to
rapid moisture loss from rivers and soil, so there are low water supply and drought in N China
++ (human factor: large population, rapid economic development, farm and industrial
activities) N China has large population and rapid economic development with different farm and
industrial activities, so there is high water demand for drinking, irrigation and cooling machines
that causes drought in N China

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++(human factor: water pollution, low environmental awareness and poor law enforcement
of government) N China has severe water pollution caused by low environmental awareness of the

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citizens, poor law enforcement of the governments and heavy discharge of untreated sewage from
domestic household, farms and industries with chemicals, so it leads to lower clean water supply
and drought in N China
 (human factor: deforestation and silting in reservoirs) N China has serious deforestation caused
by rapid urban expansion and opening up of forests for farmland; it results in soil erosion that
1.
washes many sand particles into the reservoirs and brings about silting problem; the reservoirs
have smaller carrying capacity to store water in rainy season for use that leads to lower water
supply and drought in N China
 (human factor: climate change) climate change and global warming have altered the precipitation
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patterns and reduced the rainfall in N China, so there are lower water supply and drought in N
China (6)
Clarification of common misconceptions:
* For the importance of other factors, students are expected to cover BOTH physical and human
factors. Answers failing to highlight the only physical factor  will score no more than 5 out of 6
BA

marks.
* Drought takes place when water demand is higher than water supply. Therefore, students are
expected to explain the various factors in relation to BOTH water demand and water supply in
their elaboration. Answers failing to cover either water demand or water supply will score no
more than 4 out of 6 marks.

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