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Common Organic Solvents Overview

The document provides a table summarizing common organic solvents and their key properties including formula, molecular weight, flash point, boiling point, melting point, density, solubility in water, dielectric constant, and other physical properties. Over 30 common solvents are listed, such as acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, and toluene along with their physical characteristics.

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188 views3 pages

Common Organic Solvents Overview

The document provides a table summarizing common organic solvents and their key properties including formula, molecular weight, flash point, boiling point, melting point, density, solubility in water, dielectric constant, and other physical properties. Over 30 common solvents are listed, such as acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, and toluene along with their physical characteristics.

Uploaded by

zlo2
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Common Organic Solvents: Table of Properties1,2,3

formula

flas
boilin meltin densit solubilit Dielectr
h
g
g
y
y
ic
MW
poi
point point (g/mL in water Consta
nt
(C)
(C)
)
(g/100g)
nt3,4
(oC)

acetic acid

C2H4O2

60.0
5

118

16.6

1.049

Miscible

acetone

C3H6O

58.0
8

56.2

-94.3

0.786

Miscible 20.7(25) -18

acetonitrile

C2H3N

41.0
5

81.6

-46

0.786

Miscible

37.5

benzene

C6H6

78.1
1

80.1

5.5

0.879

0.18

2.28

-11

1-butanol

C4H10O

74.1
2

117.6

-89.5

0.81

6.3

17.8

35

2-butanol

C4H10O

74.1
2

98

-115

0.808

15

15.8(25)

26

2-butanone

C4H8O

72.1
1

79.6

-86.3

0.805

25.6

18.5

-7

t-butyl alcohol

C4H10O

74.1
2

82.2

25.5

0.786

Miscible

12.5

11

CCl4

153.
82

76.7

-22.4

1.594

0.08

2.24

--

chlorobenzene

C6H5Cl

112.
56

131.7

-45.6

1.106
6

0.05

5.69

29

chloroform

CHCl3

119.
38

61.7

-63.7

1.498

0.795

4.81

--

cyclohexane

C6H12

84.1
6

80.7

6.6

0.779

<0.1

2.02

-20

1,2dichloroethane

C2H4Cl2

98.9
6

83.5

-35.3

1.245

0.861

10.42

13

diethyl ether

C4H10O

74.1
2

34.6

-116.3 0.713

7.5

4.34

-45

diethylene glycol

C4H10O3

106.
12

245

-10

1.118

10

31.7

143

diglyme
(diethylene
glycol

C6H14O3

134.
17

162

-68

0.943

Miscible

7.23

67

Solvent

carbon
tetrachloride

6.15

39

formula

flas
boilin meltin densit solubilit Dielectr
h
g
g
y
y
ic
MW
poi
point point (g/mL in water Consta
nt
(C)
(C)
)
(g/100g)
nt3,4
(oC)

C4H10O2

90.1
2

85

-58

0.868

Miscible

7.2

-6

C2H6O

46.0
7

-22

-138.5

NA

NA

NA

-41

dimethylformamide
(DMF)

C3H7NO

73.0
9

153

-61

0.944

Miscible

36.7

58

dimethyl
sulfoxide
(DMSO)

C2H6OS

78.1
3

189

18.4

1.092

25.3

47

95

dioxane

C4H8O2

88.1
1

101.1

11.8

1.033

ethanol

C2H6O

46.0
7

78.5

ethyl acetate

C4H8O2

88.1
1

77

-83.6

ethylene glycol

C2H6O2

62.0
7

195

glycerin

C3H8O3

92.0
9

heptane

C7H16

Hexamethylphosp
horamide
(HMPA)
Hexamethylphosp
horous
triamide (HMPT)

Solvent

dimethyl ether)
1,2-dimethoxyethane (glyme,
DME)
dimethylether

Miscible 2.21(25)

12

Miscible

24.6

13

0.895

8.7

6(25)

-4

-13

1.115

Miscible

37.7

111

290

17.8

1.261

Miscible

42.5

160

100.
20

98

-90.6

0.684

0.01

1.92

-4

C6H18N3OP

179.
20

232.5

7.2

1.03

Miscible

31.3

105

C6H18N3P

163.
20

150

-44

0.898

Miscible

??

26

hexane

C6H14

86.1
8

69

-95

0.659

0.014

1.89

-22

methanol

CH4O

32.0
4

64.6

-98

0.791

C5H12O

88.1

55.2

-109

0.741

methyl t-butyl

-114.1 0.789

Miscible 32.6(25)
5.1

??

12
-28

Solvent

formula

ether (MTBE)
methylene
chloride

flas
boilin meltin densit solubilit Dielectr
h
g
g
y
y
ic
MW
poi
point point (g/mL in water Consta
nt
(C)
(C)
)
(g/100g)
nt3,4
(oC)
5

CH2Cl2

84.9
3

39.8

-96.7

1.326

1.32

9.08

1.6

N-methyl-2pyrrolidinone
(NMP)

CH5H9NO

99.1
3

202

-24

1.033

10

32

91

nitromethane

CH3NO2

61.0
4

101.2

-29

1.382

9.50

35.9

35

C5H12

72.1
5

36.1

-129.7 0.626

0.04

1.84

-49

--

--

30-60

-40

0.656

--

--

-30

1-propanol

C3H8O

88.1
5

97

-126

0.803

Miscible 20.1(25)

15

2-propanol

C3H8O

88.1
5

82.4

-88.5

0.785

Miscible 18.3(25)

12

pyridine

C5H5N

79.1
0

115.2

-41.6

0.982

Miscible 12.3(25)

17

tetrahydrofuran
(THF)

C4H8O

72.1
1

66

C7H8

92.1
4

110.6

C6H15N

101.
19

88.9

water

H2 O

18.0
2

100.0
0

0.00

water, heavy

D2 O

20.0
3

101.3

o-xylene

C8H10

106.
17

144

-25.2

m-xylene

C8H10

106.
17

139.1

p-xylene

C8H10

106.
17

138.4

pentane
Petroleum ether
(ligroine)

toluene
triethyl amine

-108.4 0.886

30

7.6

-21

0.867

0.05

2.38(25)

-114.7 0.728

0.02

2.4

-11

0.998

--

78.54

--

1.107

Miscible

??

--

0.897 Insoluble

2.57

32

-47.8

0.868 Insoluble

2.37

27

13.3

0.861 Insoluble

2.27

27

-93

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