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Use of Medicinal Plants in Cosmetics

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211
Volume 10, Issue 8, August-2022, Impact Factor: 7.429, Available online at: [Link]

Use of Medicinal Plants in Cosmetics

More A. L.1, Thorat J. C.2
Department of Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Matoshri Bayabai Shripatrao Kadam Kanya Mahavidyalaya,
Kadegaon, Dist -Sangli

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ABSTRACT
This review describes the use of some medicinal plants in cosmetic preparations, due to their low mammalian
toxicity, with a brief description of the major use, plant parts used, the actives responsible for effect and the
benefits of such products. Herbs and spices have been used in retaining and boosting human beauty since time
immemorial. Herbal cosmetic has growing demand in the worldwide market and is an invaluable gift of Mother
Nature. Indian women have long used herbs such as Sandalwood and Aloe vera for skin care; Henna to colour
the hair, palms and soles; and natural oils to perfume their bodies. Not too long ago, elaborate herbal beauty
treatments were carried out in the royal palaces of India to heighten sensual appeal and maintain general
hygiene.
Keywords: Natural products, cosmetics, herbal cosmetics, skin care, natural oils.
INTRODUCTION
A large number of cosmetic and toiletry formulations have been developed based on Indian Herbs recently. Apart from
traditionally documented applications, some modern trials have also established the utility of Indian herbs in Personal
Care products. The concept of beauty and cosmetics is an ancient as mankind and civilization. Women are observed
with looking beautiful. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Indian herbs
and its significance are popular worldwide. Herbal cosmetics have growing demand in the world market and is an
invaluable gift on nature. Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of their good
activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic drugs. Herbs and spices have been used in
maintaining and enhancing human beauty since time immemorial. Indian women have long used herbs such as
Sandalwood and Turmeric for skin care; henna to colour the hair, palms and soles; and natural oils to perfumes their
bodies. Of India to heighten sensual appeal and maintain general hygiene [1]. Hair care products are categorized into two
main category, hair tonics and hair grooming aids. These are basically the extracts of medicinal plants in an oil base. A
plethora of herbs have been employed for hair treatments [2,3]. Today personal care products containing ingredient from
the plant origin are getting an increasing trend in the pharmacy world. Cosmetic product containing plant material as
active ingredient is comes under the category of cosmeceuticals [4,5].
The use of plant extracts in cosmetic formulation is increasing, mostly because of the poor image that animal-derived
extracts have acquired during the past few years. This is due, in part, to news reports regarding bovine spongiform
encephalitis (BSE). Some animal derived products need to be replaced, but synthetic chemicals cannot always do this
well. Natural molecules derived from plant extracts offer a particularly exciting avenue for further research. Plant
extracts, however, are often ill-defined as to the method of extraction, plant-to-solvent ratio and the content of active
ingredients. Moreover, the stability of the colour, odour, transparency and/or active ingredients with time is also often a
limiting factor. Plant extracts are different in several respects from purified therapeutic agents. Firstly, they are more
dilute than the pure chemicals that are familiar to us; secondly herbs often contain additional active principles that may
be closely related both chemically and therapeutically to the constituent primarily responsible for its effects [6,7].
SKIN AND HAIR TREATMENT
Coconut Oil:
All parts of Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae) are useful. The oil from the nuts is valued as an emollient and used as an
ingredient in remedies for skin infections. Dried coconut flesh is called copra, and the oil and milk derived from it are
commonly used in cooking, frying in particular as well as in soaps, detergents and cosmetics. [8,9] Coconut oil is a white
solid fat, melting at warmer room temperatures of around 25 °C (78 °F), in warmer climates during the summer months
it is a clear thin liquid oil. Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma. [9] Mix coconut oil with coconut sugar and
use this mixture as a scrub on your face for at least 2-3 times a week. This will give you a much smoother skin than
ever before.
Face Wash: Melt the coconut oil in a pan and add 1 tbsp baking soda and 5 tbsp of any of your favourite essential
oils suitable for application your face. Store this homemade face wash liquid in a jar.

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2. Lip Balm: You can add a few drops of coconut to any of your lip balm or chapstick, this will help in making your
lips moist and getting rid of dry lips.
Night Cream: Add a few drops of coconut oil to your moisturizer and apply it at night before sleeping if you are prone
to face acne. If not, then you can apply the oil as it is on your face.
Vitamin E and K, lauric acid and minerals is rich in coconut [Link]-bacterial, antioxidant, anti- fungal, anti-viral
properties rich in coconut oil. Coconut oil protects the hair from sun damage, as well as adds shine and luster,[18]
supports hair growth , fights with dryness, dandruff, scalp infections and fungus.

Figure- 1. Coconut Oil

Aloe vera:
Aloe vera is used in traditional medicine as a skin treatment. Ayurveda refers to aloe vera as the miracle herb that can
be used to treat wounds, minor cuts, dry skin and severe burns. The most widely known species is Aloe vera, or "true
aloe". It is called this because it is cultivated as the standard source for assorted pharmaceutical purposes. [17]Aloe
vera is used on facial tissues where it is promoted as a moisturizer and anti-irritant to reduce chafing of the nose.
Cosmetic companies commonly add sap or other derivatives from Aloe vera to products such as makeup, tissues,
moisturizers, soaps, sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, or shampoos.[10] A review of academic literature notes that its
inclusion in many hygiene products is due to its "moisturizing emollient effect" [11].
Aloe vera is used both internally and externally on humans as folk or alternative medicine. The Aloe species is known
for its medicinal and cosmetic properties[12]. Two substances from Aloe vera – a clear gel and its yellow latex – are used
to manufacture commercial products[6][33]. Aloe gel typically is used to make topical medications for skin conditions,
such as burns, wounds, frostbite, rashes, psoriasis, cold sores, or dry skin[13,14].
Aloe vera is used on facial tissues where it is promoted as a moisturizer and anti-irritant to reduce chafing of the nose.
Cosmetic companies commonly add sap or other derivatives from Aloe vera to products such as makeup, tissues,
moisturizers, soaps, sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, or shampoos [15]. A review of academic literature notes that its
inclusion in many hygiene products is due to its "moisturizing emollient effect" [16].
Aloe is the dried juice collected by incision from the bases of the leaves of various species of Aloe vera belongs to
family [Link] is a great conditioner and make hair all smooth and shiny. It promotes hair growth, prevents
itching on the scalp, reduces dandruff and conditions your hair. A. vera L. or A. barbadensis gel is used traditionally for
hair loss, and for improvement in hair growth following alopecia. Aloenin is the major constituent responsible for
promoting hair growth without irritating the skin[17].

Figure 2- Aloe vera

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211
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Hibiscus flowers:
Hibiscus[19,20]] isagenusof flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. Hibiscus flowers are beneficial for skin
and hair. It has some amazing properties that can help you in treating your skin and hair problems. Hibiscus is a rich
source of hydroxy acids that can make your skin healthy and beautiful. Here are some amazing hibiscus benefits for
skin and [Link] has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties and contains high vitamin C and
A, iron.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is considered to have a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology.[21] The plant may have
some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has been
shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.[22]
Hibiscus extract, which is a powerful antioxidant, is a rich source of vitamin C. Hibiscus flowers are a great
supplement in the process of preventing acne caused by bacteria and excessive secretion of sebum. high in anti-
inflammatory properties, these flowers reduce the appearance of wrinkles and blackheads on the skin. Besides, these
enhance the elasticity of the skin thus helping to keep it soft and firm. Hibiscus keeps the skin glowing, moisturized,
supple, and fresh by removing toxins, dead cells, and impurities from the skin.
Based on anecdotal evidence, hibiscus is widely accepted in India for hair growth and is often used in herbal hair
[Link] hair oils are typically a combination of herbal extracts, such as hibiscus, mixed with a carrier oil base, such
as almond oil,coconut [Link] herbal hair masks with hibiscus flower paste or hibiscus infused oil can take care
of hair loss, dandruff, improves hair shine, condition’s hair and promote hair regrowth (length and thickness).

Figure -3 Hibiscus flowers

Castoroil:
Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans.[24], Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). Since ancient times
people have used Olea europaea (Oleaceae) fruit and oil; the ancient Greeks used to bathe with olive oil. It has been
used to moisturize dry skin, and as a lip balm, shampoo, hand lotion, massage oil, dandruff treatment, soap,
perfumes.[25] Castor oil has the ability to improve circulation and increase blood flow hence prevent hair loss or assist
with hair regrowth. Castor oil make hair grow longer fast and fights against dryness and dandruff. [23]
Castor oil is soothing to the skin and protect the skin from harsh climate. Castor oil contain Resinoleic acid, have skin
smoothing and moisturizing qualities, and improve various skin conditions such as rough skin and acne.
It also has been used to enhance hair conditioning in other products and for supposed anti-dandruff properties.[26]

Figure- 4 Castor oil

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AlmondOil:
The almond tree, Prunus dulcis, is a species that belongs to the Amygdalus subgenus inside the Prunus genus, the
Rosaceae family and the order [Link] almond oil is an anti-inflammatory, it may help ease swelling of the
skin. Improves complexion and skin tone. Due to its emollient properties, almond oil has the potential to improve both
complexion and skin tone. Treats dry [Link] oil is packed with vitamin E, which may help protect the skin from
sun damage and premature aging. Almond oil may help protect the skin from sun damage and prevent stretch marks.[27]
It can be used many ways, including the moisturizer, massage oil or makeup remover. The sweet almond oil contains
large amounts of vitamins E and K that help skin regeneration and maintain elasticity, which is why the oil is used in
many cosmetic products. Almond oil is one of the most popular essential oils used in aromatherapy and massage
therapy since it is suitable for any skin type.
The almond oil basically contains about 78% of this fat. This oil contains very small amounts of super-unsaturated
Omega-3 essential fatty acids.[29] It proves to be very nourishing, and softens and strengthens the hair. [30]Almond oil
rich in vitamin E used in the treatment of hair loss and strengthen the hairs. [31]
Cedar Wood Oil:
Cedar oil, also known as cedarwood oil, is an essential oil derived from various types of conifers, most in
the pine or cypress botanical families. They find use in a range of fragrance applications such as soap perfumes,
household sprays etc. Cedarwood oil is often used for its aromatic properties, especially in aromatherapy. Cedar
woodoilextracted fromthewoods (Juniperusvirginiana, Family-) forhair loss [Link] oil is used for hair
care formulations, especially for dry hair, and to induce hair growth along with other essential oils. Even people having
the problem of dandruff cantoo benefit from using cedarwood oil.[32,33,34]
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that affects nearly 2% of the general population in their lifetime.[35] Here, the
body’s natural immune response attacks the hair follicles and results in rampant hair loss and balding. However, you
may use cedarwood oil to potentially mitigate these effects. The topical application of cedarwood essential oil directly
onto the scalp or hair roots may also boost blood circulation and flow to the hair follicles. The antimicrobial and
antifungal properties of cedarwood oil may help improve scalp health. The oil is commonly used in dermatology
to treat dry skin, dandruff, oily skin, scabs, inflammation, and eczema. [36]

Additionally, widdrol, an antifungal compound present in cedarwood essential oil targets any fungal infection present
on the scalp. It also may potentially reduce the associated hairloss. [37,38]

Olive Oil:
Oliveoil isa liquid fat obtained from olives (the fruit of Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of
the Mediterranean Basin, produced by pressing whole olives and extracting the oil. It is used in
cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, soaps etc. Olive oil lowered the risk of dermatitis for infants in all gestational stages when
compared with emollient cream.[39]Cosmetic Uses of Olive Oil Olive oil is used as a key ingredient in a wide variety of
soaps, creams, lotions, shampoos and other cosmetic products. But it can also be used by itself to moisturize and
nourish dry skin and chapped lips, to strengthen weak and brittle nails, to restore and beautify hair and scalp.
The anti-inflammatory effect is exerted by both unsaponifiable and polar compounds (De la Puerta et al., 2000), while
the free radical-scavenging effect of virgin olive oil is due to the presence of polyphenols (Perricone, 2001; Manna et
al., 1999). It is applied topically to treat skin damage, such as contact dermatitis (particularly diaper area dermatitis),
atopic dermatitis, xerosis, eczema (including severe hand and foot eczema), rosacea, seborrhoea, psoriasis, thermal and
radiation burns, other types of skin inflammation and aging (Perricone, 2001).
Used medicinally, Olive Carrier Oil’s anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial phenols prevent skin from becoming
inflamed or infected while impeding the growth of harmful bacteria. Soothing and healing, it offers relief to sore,
dehydrated, bruised skin as well as joints and muscles affected by sprains or arthritis. It works to repair skin that is
damaged by sunburns and enhances skin’s appearance to maintain a youthful, radiant complexion.
Face wash products frequently use olive oil as a component. Olive oil is used as a basis in several cosmetics. By using
olive oil directly to your skin, you may use it as a moisturizer without any additional additives.
Lavender Oil:
Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. Lavender
oil has long been used as a perfume, for aromatherapy, and for skin applications.[40,41] Lavender oil is used in massage
therapy as a way of inducing relaxation through direct skin contact. [40]Lavender essential oil is popular as a

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complementary medicine in its o wn right a n d as a n additive to many over the counter complementary
medicine and cosmetic products. [42,43,44]
The lavender essential oil is extracted from the flowers of the lavender plant (Lavandula angustifolia),
primarily through steam distillation. The lavender essential oil is pure oil and differs from certain commercial
lavender oils which may be diluted and are often sold as perfumes. Lavender perfume and body sprays are
popular due to their fresh and floral scent. On the other hand, the purelavender essential oil is frequently used
in various forms including as an aromatherapy oil, inge ls, infusions, lotions, soaps, baby products and
candles.
The lavender essential oil is useful for hair care. It has been shown to be very effective on lice, lice egg and
nits. The lavender essential oil is also useful in the treatment of hair loss.

CloveOil:
Oil of clove, also known as clove oil, is an essential oil extracted from the clove plant, Syzygiumaromaticum.[45]Clove
oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and for flavoring food and some medicines.[46]Cloves are an aromatic spice
widely used for skin, hair and health care.
The oil of clove buds contains antimicrobial, antiseptic, antiviral, antifungal, and stimulant properties. Apart from its
positive health effects, it can also be used as a treatment for skin. Clove oil can disinfect acne and prevent acne causing
bacteria. You can make an acne mask by mixing five drops of clove oil in one fourth cup of aloe vera gel. Apply this
gel over face to cure acne. Clove oil can help to lessen signs of ageing, wrinkles, and sagging skin. You can apply the
clove daily onto skin to see visible results. You can also mix the clove oil with other carrier oil. Clove oil can help to
relax facial muscles in an instant. You can smear few drops of clove oil on pulse points for immediately rejuvenating
your facial area. Clove oil can help to moisturize even the driest of skin. You can also mix few drops of the clove oil to
your moisturizing cream or lotion. You can apply clove oil on your skin regularly for an improved skin texture.
Apply few drops of clove oil onto scalp to reduce the problem of hair fall. This oil can help to cover bald spots and
boost circulation into the scalp. You can make a natural hair conditioner by mixing one drop of clove oil and olive oil
[Link] oil is enriched with vital minerals and vitamins that enable the hair to flourish. Clove oil can help get rid of
dandruff. The antifungal property of Eugenol could do a world of good for hair health. Antioxidants prevent free
radicals from causing damage to cell structures, thereby preventing premature greying of hair. [47]

Sandalwood Oil:
Sandalwood oil is an essential oil obtained from the steam distillation of chips and billets cut from the heartwood of
various species of sandalwood trees, mainly Santalum album (Indiansandalwood)[48] and Santalum spicatum
(Australian sandalwood).[49]
Sandalwood oil is used in perfumes, cosmetics, sacred unguents, and as a mild food flavouring.[48]Due to its highly
coveted fragrance, the essential oil produced from Sandalwood is often used in aromatherapy and is added to soaps and
cosmetics.
The oil is distilled from the wood of the entire tree including stump and roots. [50] The essential oil obtained from the
steam distillation of heartwood is known as East Indian sandalwood. It is a pale yellow to yellow viscous liquid, with a
sweat, fragrant, persistant, spicy, warm, woody, milky and nutty notes.[51]It is highly valued in perfumery and cosmetics
industries. Sandalwood oil is extensively used in beauty products to enhance skin health. The isomers santhol of
sandlwood oil is used in aromatherapy products. The goodness of Sandalwood oil assist in restoring the damaged skin
cells, promotes the skin complexion and maintain skin glow and radiance. The potent astringent, antiseptic,
antimicrobial, anti-aging and disinfectant properties of Sandalwood oil shield the skin from harmful bacteria, virus and
fungal attacks.
Treat dry skin conditions such as eczema with East Indian Sandalwood, as it is an anti-inflammatory condition, as well
as an emollient so it will take the heat and agitation away from theskin, and help produce healthy skin
[Link] oil relieves itching and inflammation of the skin, and is most effective in relieving dehydrated
skin, making it great for anti-ageing skincare - and the astringent action has a great toning effect and is also used
with great results in oily skin conditions and to prevent the skin from forming ugly scars and for fighting dry
eczema.[52]

Sandalwood oil is highly valuable in treating hair problems like dandruff and prevent hair fall. The strong astringent
property of Sandalwood oil is effective in warding off the excess sebum secretion in scalp, treats split ends and enhance

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the hair luster and growth. An amazing mixture of essential oil like lavender, cypress and sesame blended with
Sandalwood oil when massaged in hair scalp aids in curring dandruff.

CONCLUSION
Natural ingredients are everywhere and are continuallygaining popularity, and the use of plant extracts in cosmetic
formulation is on the rise. A cosmetic formulation including active principles of natural origin canprotect the skin
against exogenous or endogenous harm-full agents, and help to remedy many skin conditions. Inaddition, natural
products can be used in hair care, andas hair colorants or dyes. Aromatic plants and oils havebeen used for thousands of
years, as incense, perfumes,cosmetics, and for their medicinal and culinary applications. Essential oils impart many
benefits, such as apleasant aroma, especially in perfumes and to impartshine or conditioning in a hair care product, and
foremolliency or improving the elasticity of the [Link] the future, it is possible that many new plants,extracts and oils
of commercial significance will be identified, and many ethnobotanical uses and claims of manywidespread herbs will
be proven, new isolation andextraction techniques will be shown to give higher quality products. But this requires the
multidisciplinarycooperation of botanists, preparative chemists, analytical chemists, toxicologists and biologists to
assess cosmetic, rather than just pharmaceutical, activity.
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